An outsider's perspective is often illuminating and enlightening, as he or she perceives the world differently from us, and sees things that insiders tend to miss. While an outsider's views are fresh and penetrating, an insider's vision is often banal and myopic. Although outsiders' perspectives may not be quite right at times, they always shed light and provide insight, allowing us to reevaluate the conventional interpretations of our literature and folktales. In order to prevent our own understanding and knowledge from growing stale and narrow-minded, we should endeavor to consider outsiders' opinions and view all things from multiple angles. When reading literary or cultural texts, therefore, we need to read through others' eyes because it provides alternative perspectives. And we should learn to co-exist with others and see things from others' eyes. In his celebrated novel, My Name Is Red, Orhan Pamuk, the Turkish Nobel Laureate, explores the themes of clashes between the East and the West, the young and the old, and conservatism and radicalism. The confrontation between the stubborn defenders of tradition and the self-righteous innovators ultimately results in bigotry, hatred and murder. As Pamuk aptly perceives in his novel, the inevitable outcome of such uncompromising conflict is degradation of humanity and annihilation of human civilization. That is precisely why we need to embrace others who are different from us and learn to look through others' eyes. Sometimes, we fear other voices and different perspectives. As the movie "The Others" suggests, however, there is no reason for us to be afraid of others.
Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
/
v.12
no.5
/
pp.88-97
/
1995
The leaf spring is used in the suspension of most buses and trucks due to its compactness, which reduces the shock-force and the vibration from the road, and increases passenger comfortability and carlife. Of the various kinds of leaf springs, the leaf spring without eyes can be found easily in the heavy duty truck, and has different characteristics to the leaf spring with eyes in the case of large free camber. Because of radius change, the leaf without eyes slips on the supports, which makes the deflection. The difference is due to this deflection. In this paper, we show the general method of characteristic analysis, for example, Pandan method, can be no more applicable to these springs. Thus considering the geometry deflection by slip, we have developed the equation of the characteristic of the leaf spring without eyes and prove the effectiveness of this equation by experiment. From the result, at large camber the slip deflection is large and as camber smaller, this is smaller. At the camber behind some value, the effect of slip no longer influence to the characteristic of leaf springs.
Purpose: This study was investigated to find out a useful instrument instead of direct ophthalmoscope for ocular photostress recovery time (PSRT) test. Methods: The PSRT test was performed using direct ophthalmoscope, trans illuminator, pen light, and camera flash for 48 subjects (average age 22.88 years, 96 eyes) who were corrected to 0.8~1.2 of visual acuity. Results: Each mean of PSRT measured by direct ophthalmoscope, trans illuminator, pen light, and camera flash was $27.90{\pm}18.40$ sec, $23.73{\pm}12.99$ sec, $21.31{\pm}15.57$ sec, and $18.98{\pm}11.64$ sec, respectively. The difference of PSRT between the eyes corrected more than 1.0 and the other eyes corrected under 1.0 of visual acuity was not found significantly. And there was no difference between dominant eyes and nondominant eyes of PSRT. Conclusions: Though the nearest instrument to direct ophthalmoscope was trans illuminator, pen light and camera flash could be the useful instruments for PSRT test.
Purpose: Chronic ankle instability is a very common abnormality of the ankle, but there is still controversy regarding its evaluation criteria. The stress view has difficulties in reflecting the patient's symptoms and treatment progress. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between the center of pressure (COP) measured by a pedobarograph and the symptoms of the patient. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with chronic ankle instability from February to August 2018 were included. Each patient was surveyed with the foot and ankle outcome score (FAOS). The COP was measured with a foot pressure scanner, and the travel distance and ellipse area of the COP were calculated. Each patient was measured on one foot and on two feet with his or her eyes closed and open. The relationship between the COP measurement and FAOS score was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The participants were consisted of 21 male and nine female, with a mean age of 30 years, mean weight of 72 kg, and mean foot size of 259 mm. With the eyes open, the correlation coefficient between the FAOS and travel distance of the affected side was -0.394 (p<0.05) and that between the FAOS and the ellipse area of the affected side was -0.425 (p<0.05). On the other hand, no significant correlations were found between the travel distance and ellipse area of the affected side when patients closed their eyes. Conclusion: Measurement of the COP using foot pressure scanner could evaluate objectively patients with chronic ankle instability, with measurements in patients with their eyes open being more significant. Based on the findings of this study, an analysis of the COP with the patients with their eyes open and standing on one foot may help determine the management strategy and assess the progress of the patients.
Park, Jonghang;Kim, Yoonhwan;Choi, Wonjye;Seo, Taehwa;Song, Hyunseung
Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
/
v.2
no.2
/
pp.31-40
/
2014
Purpose : To evaluate the effect of cervical strengthening exercise on balance ability in healthy adults. Method : The subjects consisted of forty healthy people. The subjects were divided into two group. The control group(n=14) received no exercise and/or stimulation. The cervical strengthening exercise group(n=14) performed therapeutic intervention using cervical exercise for strengthening of cervical spine muscle. The exercise group were accomplished during 6 weeks(2~3set, 5times/week). All tests were completed before and after experiment. The static balance ability was measured by normal standing when subjects open and close their eyes on GOOD BALANCE SYSTEM, respectively. For each case, the experimental data were obtained in 3 items: mean X speed, mean Y speed and velocity moment. Result : The results of this study were as follows; 1. In the exercise group, the statistically significant difference were shown on X speed and Y speed in the case of normal standing when subjects open and close their eyes and X speed, Y speed and velocity moment in the case of normal standing when subjects close their eyes(p<0.05). 2. In control group, the statistically significant difference were not shown on all posture(p>0.05). 3. There were a statistically significant difference in the X speed and Y speed in the case of normal standing when subjects open their eyes between control group and the exercise group(p<0.05). There were a statistically significant difference in the X speed, Y speed and velocity moment in the case of normal standing when subjects close their eyes between control group and exercise group(p<0.05). Conclusion : The above results revealed that therapeutic intervention for muscle strengthening of cervical there were positive changes to balance ability.
Extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens in 24 eyes of 24 diabetics, with and without diabetic retinopathy, were followed up postoperatively for an average of 14 months to determine the incidence of progression of diabetic retinopathy, the final visual acuity and factors predictive of progression of retinopathy and final visual acuity. Overall, retinopathy progressed in 52% of operated-on eyes. Cataract extraction was highly associated with progression of diabetic retinopathy. Women had a significantly increased risk of progression of retinopathy in the operated-on eye compared to men. Visual acuity improved in 22 of 24 orerated-on eyes : however, only 11 eyes achieved a visual acuity of 0.5 or better and only 7 eyes achieved a visual acuity of 0.7 or better. Patients treated with oral hypoglycemic agents had a worse visual prognosis than those treated with insulin. The prognosis of patients with diabetic retinopathy about to undergo cataract surgery, even extracapsular cataract extraction with placement of a posterior chamber lens, is guarded.
The purpose of this study was to compare the static balance of standing position between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and a normal group that were aged-matched. There were forty subjects included in this study. Twenty-seven healthy subjects (age, $13.9{\pm}1.2$ yrs; height, $161.9{\pm}7.5$ cm; weight, $52.2{\pm}7.7$ kg) and thirteen AIS subjects (age, $14.2{\pm}2.2$ yrs; height, $161.5{\pm}8.7$ cm; weight, $48.1{\pm}8.1$ kg) were participated in the study. The thirteen subjects in the AIS group had a major Cobb angle between $20.1^{\circ}$ and $49^{\circ}$. Each group was tested with the Balance Performance Monitor (BPM). The parameters for static balance were sway area, sway path, max velocity, mean balance, anterior-posterior angle, and left-right angle of each group with their eyes opened and again with their eyes closed. Both sides of the forward reach test and the lateral reach test were also performed on each group. Results from the BPM tested showed significantly increases in all parameters of static balance with those patients with AIS under the conditions where eyes were opened and closed. In the right and left forward reach test, there was no significant difference between normal and AIS groups. However, in the lateral reach test with right and left direction, there were significant differences between normal and AIS groups. For the normal subjects, there were significant differences in the parameters with sway path and anterior-posterior sway angle between the eyes opened and closed. However, there were no significant differences in the all parameters between eyes opened and closed for the AIS subjects. These results suggest that, balance programs could be used in the rehabilitation setting for intervention of AIS and evaluation of AIS. Further study is needed to measure many patients with AIS and other functional balance scales for clinical application.
Purpose: This study examined the effect of calf muscle fatigue on postural sway according to foot posture (a pes cavus, a normal foot, and a pes planus). Methods: The subjects of this study were 12, 11, and 9 students of U University with a pes cavus, a normal foot, and a pes planus, respectively, according to a Navicular Drop Test. Postural sway was measured with a balance instrument (BioRescue, RM Ingenierie, France) while the subjects stood static on two legs as well as during one-leg standing using the dominant leg in two conditions (with the eyes open and with the eyes closed for 30 seconds). Muscle fatigue was then induced in the calf muscle of the dominant leg, and both muscle fatigue and postural sway were measured using an EMG. To compare the degree of postural sway between the three groups after muscle fatigue was induced, the change values were calculated. The results were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test, and a post-hoc test was conducted using the Bonferroni correction. Results: Significant inter-group differences were detected for postural sway during two-leg standing with the eyes closed and during one-leg standing with the eyes open and with the eyes closed (p<0.05). The post-hoc test showed significant differences between the pes cavus and normal foot groups and between the pes planus and normal foot groups for all three variables (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was detected between the pes cavus and pes planus groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show that the pes cavus and pes planus cause more fatigue and postural sway than a normal foot. Therefore, attention should be paid to changes in balance caused by muscle fatigue.
Purpose: This paper provides basic clinical data on the treatment of scoliosis patients by analyzing the effects of the type and position of scoliosis on the static balance using Tetrax on adolescents who have balance disorders as a consequence of structural changes, such as scoliosis. Methods: A total of 110 adolescents were divided into 6 groups according to the radiographs and 60 adolescents were sampled, 10 each for each group. The static balance was measured and analyzed on the existence of sight using Tetrax. Results: The changes followed by existence of sight in static balance group showed a significant difference statistically in Stability index in all groups (p<0.001). The changes in the static balance in each group in terms of the stability index were significant in all groups, where the experiments were performed under the eyes opened and eyes-closed condition (p<0.01)(p<0.001). The post-hoc comparison revealed the stability index to be the highest in the eyes-opened condition in group III, but not in group IV. In the eyes-closed condition, group III showed the highest stability index of all the groups. Conclusion: Adolescents with lumbar scoliosis had a lower static balance in single scoliosis with the eyes-closed condition or had little movement compensation. In addition, unlike the other normal scoliosis, back scoliosis has negative effects on the posture because it causes an increase in the disturbance of posture. Therefore, future studied will be needed to examine the imbalance of posture in people suffering from back pain.
A group of 80 Holstein calves, many with clinical signs of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in summer seasons, was assembled for bacteriologic and ophthalmologic studies at an integrated dairy farm. Observations were started from 1980 to 1984 but bacteriological study was only carried out from thor spring in 1981 and continued during the Autumn in 1981. Corneal lesions and drugs sensitivity were also observed and the results obtained were as follows: 1. Occurrences of IBK-affected cattle during the 5 years were predominent to calves in summer. 2. Among 142 eyes from 80 cattle, 53 isolates of Moraxella bovis(37.3%) were isolated from 37 cattle(46.3%). The prevalence of the infection for clinical eyes were higher than nonclinical eyes calves. 3. Miscellaneous organisms were found from age groups of 5 months to 9 months old. It were 8 hemolytic Neisseria spp., 3 Fungi, Mycoplasma sp. and 1 Pseudomonas sp., but 9 samples were unknown. 4. Prevalence of infection with M. bovis in bilateral clinical eyes were higher than unilateral eyes. 5. Incidence of corneal lesion was predominent in early stage as a watery tears(21.0%) and late stage as a leukomas of corneal opacity(22.8%). 6. The number of isolations of M. bovis and incidence of IBK varied from year to year; Higher incidence of IBK clinical signs were showed in calves from 5 months to 10 months old and the number of isolations of M. bovis was declined in order 8 months(100.0%), 4 months(75.0%), 5 months(66.6%) and 8 months(66.6%) old calves. 7. Chloramphenicol, Nitrofurantoin and Cephalothin were highly sensitive against M. bovis isolates and then Tetracycline, Neomycin, Erythromycin and Kanamycin were intermediate but low sensitive to Streptomycin, Colistin and Penicillin.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.