• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.4 s.100
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• pp.465-472
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose the method of manipulating the gaze direction of 3D FPS game's character by using eye gaze detection from the successive images captured by USB camera, which is attached beneath HMB. The proposed method is composed of 3 parts. At first, we detect user's pupil center by real-time image processing algorithm from the successive input images. In the second part of calibration, when the user gaze on the monitor plane, the geometric relationship between the gazing position of monitor and the detected position of pupil center is determined. In the last part, the final gaze position on the HMD monitor is tracked and the 3D view in game is controlled by the gaze position based on the calibration information. Experimental results show that our method can be used for the handicapped game player who cannot use his(or her) hand. Also, it can Increase the interest and the immersion by synchronizing the gaze direction of game player and the view direction of game character.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.2079-2084
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• 2016

When designing the interface of the web site, we must consider what users want and need in the design, because design trends are recently changing from user interface design to user experience design. In this paper, we present the method to apply the user experience design when designing the main page of the web site. We select representative online markets and analyze the information elements which compose the main page. Using the eye tracking method which measure user's visual attention frequency, we compare the main page with the wire-frame and analyze changes of the visual attention frequency over time. As a result of experiments, it is efficient to allocate the important information as the image or the moving image to the center of main page for use's visual attention at the time of designing the main page of the online market.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.406-425
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze The Effect of Teacher Participation-oriented Education Program (TPEP) centered on Multi-Faceted Analysis of Elementary Science Classes on the Class Expertise of novice teacher. First, in order to develop the TPEP, lectures and exploratory science classes were analyzed using imaging and eye-tracking techniques. In this study, the TPEP was developed in five stages: image analysis, eye analysis, teaching language analysis, gesture analysis, and class development. Participants directly analyzed the classes of experienced and novice teachers at each stage. The TPEP developed in this study is different from the existing teacher education program in that it reflected the human performance technology aspects. The participants analyzed actual elementary science classes in a multi-faceted way and developed better classes based on them. The results of this study are as follows. First, at the teacher training institutions and the school sites, pre-service teachers and novice teachers should be provided with various experiences in class analysis and multi-faceted analysis of their own classes. Second, through this study, we were able to identify the limitations of existing class observations and video analysis. Third, the TPEP should be developed to improve the novice teachers' class expertise. Finally, we hope that the results of this study are used as basic data in developing programs to improve teachers' class expertise in teacher training institutions and education policy institutions.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.341-350
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• 2022

In this paper, we propseded the Youngwoo keyboard to help the communication disorders experienced by patients with dysarthria. Existing methods for communication by patients with dysarthria include a letter board with consonants and vowels, a mouse using eye tracking, and communication assistance applications. However, there was a delay of more than 5 minutes per sentence, so there were many difficulties in communication. However, unlike the existing method, the proposed method has been improved so that the patient with dysarthria can communicate by completing the sentences with eye movements. In the conclusion and future work of this paper, the educational use value for Yeongwoo keyboard was analyzed, and it was shown that this training can be of great help to families with ALS patients. The proposed keyboard will be able to improve the difficulties of families by facilitating communication of patients with dysarthria.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.129-159
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• 2024

In the process of reading, readers can process information not only within the fixated region, known as the fovea, but also in the parafoveal region to the right of the fovea. While the parafoveal semantic preview effect has been confirmed in eye-tracking experiments using boundary techniques, research on how the parafoveal preview effects differ depending on the degree of semantic relatedness is still limited. This study investigates the parafoveal preview effects as a function of semantic relatedness with the target word. The experiment utilized Korean-Chinese bilinguals and presented mixed-language sentences as experimental stimuli. Four parafoveal preview conditions were applied to the target words in each sentence: (1) Korean identical condition, where the parafoveal word was the same as the target word (e.g., "나라," meaning "country" in English), (2) Chinese synonymous condition, where the parafoveal word had the same meaning as the target word (e.g., "国家," also meaning "country" in English), (3) Chinese semantically related condition, where the parafoveal word was semantically related to the target word (e.g., "政权," meaning "political power" in English), and (4) Chinese unrelated condition, where the parafoveal word was semantically unrelated to the target word (e.g., "围裙," meaning "apron" in English). The study explored the parafoveal preview effect in terms of the degree of semantic association with the target word. We found the most pronounced preview effect in conditions where the preview and the target word shared the same meaning, and we also observed preview effects in conditions where the semantic relatedness with the target word was relatively weak. This study suggests that the degree of semantic relatedness between the parafoveal preview word and the target word can influence readers' reading processes. It contributes to a better understanding of readers' eye movements and comprehension processes, with potential implications for the development of effective reading strategies and educational methods.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.117-124
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• 2013

In this paper, we present a new method which efficiently estimates a face direction from a sequences of input video images in real time fashion. For this work, the proposed method performs detecting the facial region and major facial features such as both eyes, nose and mouth by using the Haar-like feature, which is relatively not sensitive against light variation, from the detected facial area. Then, it becomes able to track the feature points from every frame using optical flow in real time fashion, and determine the direction of the face based on the feature points tracked. Further, in order to prevent the erroneously recognizing the false positions of the facial features when if the coordinates of the features are lost during the tracking by using optical flow, the proposed method determines the validity of locations of the facial features using the template matching of detected facial features in real time. Depending on the correlation rate of re-considering the detection of the features by the template matching, the face direction estimation process is divided into detecting the facial features again or tracking features while determining the direction of the face. The template matching initially saves the location information of 4 facial features such as the left and right eye, the end of nose and mouse in facial feature detection phase and reevaluated these information when the similarity measure between the stored information and the traced facial information by optical flow is exceed a certain level of threshold by detecting the new facial features from the input image. The proposed approach automatically combines the phase of detecting facial features and the phase of tracking features reciprocally and enables to estimate face pose stably in a real-time fashion. From the experiment, we can prove that the proposed method efficiently estimates face direction.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.71-81
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• 2016

This research has been carried out with the objects of sporting goods shops to find out what structure of those shops raises more interest from customers. The tracking eyes on the objects which are the same but seen to have different structures has revealed the followings. Customers' visual appreciation of Reverse left/right Images (11.1) was found to be higher than that of Original Images (10.6). Furthermore, the reverse left/right image of the space also was found to attract more interest from customers, which led them to have longer observation. The below is about the interpretation of the spatial exploration by observation time and the appreciation of its visual content in line with the experiment objects of selling spaces. The longer the space was observed, (1)the higher the expansive searching of space was, (2)the more spots were observed as if they did not know what to see after they first observed at early hours, (3)later (in the time range of 64~73 seconds) they came to look at the spots in which they got interested, (4)and then again they suddenly got lost what to see. When the change of observation characteristics by time range is reviewed, it can be seen that the searching of original images is changed from Divergent Feature to Convergent Feature when the observation time increases from the early stage of observation to the later. On the contrary, the reverse left/right images were found to have the opposite searching features, that is, from convergent exploration to divergent exploration. These findings show that the reverse left/right images of the sporting goods shops, which were the experiment objects, have more factors attracting customers' attention and interest and that it is the very shop-structure which makes customers have better visual appreciation of those shops.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1849-1856
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• 2012

This paper proposes a method to track the center of pupil and perform the remote control for interface based on the substituted commands according to movements of pupil under smart phone environment. The proposed method, which is a remote control through the movement of eyes, may be helpful for the handicapped people or users who want a more convenient input method. A method based on webcam, which is representative one among the previous methods to track pupil of user, has a few limitations on distance and angle between location of user and webcam. However, this paper uses smart phone that is convenient to carry. The proposed method can perform the remote control through tracking of pupil using wireless network without any restriction on the location of users. Thus, the method is effectively applied for controlling the smart TV that should be controlled on the distance as well as the remote control for PC.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2020

In this paper, we introduce a method to visualize the contrast diffusion patterns and the dynamic vascular patterns in a contrast-enhanced ultrasound image sequence. We present an imaging technique to visualize parameters such as contrast arrival time, peak intensity time, and contrast decay time in contrast-enhanced ultrasound data. The contrast flow pattern and its velocity are important for characterizing focal liver lesions. We propose a method for representing the contrast diffusion patterns as an image. In the methods, respiratory motion may degrade the accuracy of the parametric images. Therefore, we present a respiratory motion tracking technique that uses dynamic weights and a momentum factor with respect to the respiration cycle. Through the experiment using 72 CEUS data sets, we show that the proposed method makes it possible to overcome the limitation of analysis by the naked eye and improves the reliability of the parametric images by compensating for respiratory motion in contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.50-58
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• 2016

The design of children's hospitals is highly dependent on color schemes. As a space shared together by both adults and children, the design of children's hospitals require color coordination that takes account of the users' characteristics. Visual perception tracking experiment was conducted on the 2 chosen experimental images with a target group made up of adults and children, the following results were found. First, visual attention characteristics of spatial elements' colors were found. The contrast of colors were discovered to effect attention, especially the information desk region showed highest attention. Pillars are subjected to a higher attention relative to other spatial elements, it is suggested when using accent colors to use it only when it is absolutely necessary in partial areas. In contrast, floor patterns were found to be subjected to very low attention relative to other elements. Second, effects of color contrast on visual attention were uncovered. Although color contrast effects attention for both adults and children, children were found to be more effected by color contrast than adults. Especially, children's tendency to rely on color contrast for visual recognition was higher than adults. Since when using only one type on a wide surface children show higher attention on the < vivid > colors than adults, when planning a color coordination for children using < pale > colors instead of < vivid > ones in background for a large surface is seen as a more desired method to increase attention by putting emphasis on the [sharply contrasting] colors.