• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.148-158
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• 2011

Objectives The eye movement (EM) has been reported to play a role in enhancing the retrieval of episodic memories and reducing effects of fearful episodes in the past and worries for the futures. However, it is still unclear in the mechanism of EM in normal subjects. We examined the horizontal eye movement (HEM) effect using an aiding apparatus on mental health indices including negative and positive psychological factors, and psychophysiological measures such as heart rate variability and quantitative electroencepaholography (qEEG) in healthy subjects. Methods Twenty eight healthy subjects were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups : active HEM group and control group. The active HEM group conducted the HEM training with usual stress management audio-intervention using the apparatus inducing eye movement once a day for 14 days. The control group also conducted the same training once a day for 14 days, however, the saccadic eye movement was not included in this training. Psychological measurements, neurocognitive function tests, heart rate variability measurement and qEEG were conducted before and after the training in both groups. Results In the active HEM group, sleep status using Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) positive factors significantly increased after the training. By contrast, scores on the negative items of Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS), and negative items of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) were significantly decreased after the training. The percentage of delta amplitude (1-3 Hz) in qEEG significantly decreased after the HEM training. The percentage of alpha amplitude (8-12 Hz) significantly increased after HEM training. The change of delta amplitude in the active HEM group was positively correlated with the change of sleep satisfaction of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the change of alpha amplitude was negatively correlated with depression of VAS, anxiety of VAS and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Conclusions The HEM training improved sleep quality and well-being, and sense of optimism. The HEM training also increased alpha amplitude and decreased delta amplitude in qEEG. The qEEG changes were well correlated with subjective improvement of mental health indices in healthy subjects. These results suggest some evidences that HEM training using the apparatus that induces EM would be helpful in improving subjective mental health in healthy subjects. Further study with larger samples size would be needed.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.477-483
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• 2007

We have measured EOG and fMRI simultaneously to investigate whether eye movement (blinking mechanism) might influence functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal response in the primary visual cortex. $T2^*-weighted$ Echo-Planar Imaging (EPI) with concurrent electrooculogram (EOG) was acquired in four subjects while they viewed a fixation point and a checkerboard with a flickering rate of 8Hz. With the help of EOG information we divided the experimental blocks into two different conditions: fixation and moving eye. We have compared the fMRI data of these two conditions. Our results have shown that there is no difference between these two conditions. This might suggest that eye blinking does not affect BOLD signal changes in the primary visual cortex. This means further that eye blinking can be ignored in data processing.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2002

Despite dynamical retinal image changes caused by pursuit eye movements, we usually perceive the stable spatial properties of the environment suite successfully Helmholtz and his followers have suggested that the visual system coordinates the retinal and extraretinal eye position information to represent the spatial properties of the environment. However. there have been a significant amount of researches showing that this kind of mechanism may not operate perfectly, and the pursuit eye movement employed in those researches were limited to conjugate eye movements. When an observer tracks an object moving away from the observer with his/her eyes. the two eyes rotate in opposite direction. and this kind of disjunctive eye movement may produce undesirable binocular disparities for the objects in the background. The present study examined whether the visual system compensated for the undesirable binocular disparities caused by disjunctive eye movements with extraretinal eye position information. Although the target object was presented frontoparellely to the subjects. the subjects reported that the object was slanted toward (or alway from) them in consistent with the undesirable binocular disparities produced by the disjunctive eye movements. These results imply that the visual system may not perfectly compensate for the undesirable binocular disparities with extraretinal eye position information.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.149-153
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• 2003

Objective : Moxibustion is one of the primary remedies in traditional oriental medicine. We successfully treated a one patient who complained of oculomotor nerve palsy related to diabetes mellitus with moxibustion. Methods : We performed moxibustion treatment on the protuberances surrounding the Mok-chang acupoint and adjacent frontal scalp of the patient's head at the same time every day and observed the recovery of eye movement and changes of ptosis. Results : After about I week of moxibustion treatment, there were some changes of ptosis and eyeball movement. The patient felt better opening his eyes than before and seemed to reduce his paralytic condition. After 14 days, ptosis was remarkably improved, although slight diplopia remained, and eye movement had recovered to almost normal. Furthermore, his blood glucose was on the decrease and revealed an average 120 mg/dl. Conclusions : Moxibustion treatment performed on the Mok-chang acupoint remarkably improved ptosis and limited eye movement arising from oculomotor nerve palsy related to diabetes mellitus. We hope moxibustion is used for treating nerve palsies and similar diseases in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.3-10
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• 2006

Recently it is coming to be hish reality on visual system in ship-handling simulator depending on the technical development of 3D computer graphics. Even with high reality, it is possible that visual information presented seafarers through screen or display is not equivalent to the real world. In docking maneuvering, visual targets or obstructs are sighted close to ship's operator or within few hundred meters, so it might be possible to affect visual information such as the difference between both eyes' and single eye's visual sight. Because it is not possible to perceive of very slow ship's movement by visual in case of very large vessels, so the Doppler Docking SONAR and/or Docking Speed and Distance Measurement Equipment were developed and applied for safety docking maneuvering. By the way, the simulator training includes the ship's maneuvering training in docking, but in Ship-handling Simulator and also onboard, there are some limitations of perception of ship's movement with visual information. In this paper, perception of ship's movement with visual system in Ship-handling Simulator and competition of performances of visual systems that are conventional screen type with Fixed Eye-point system and Mission Simulator. We got some conclusions not only on the effectiveness for visual system but also on the human behavior in docking maneuver.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.303-315
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze elementary teachers' science class objectively and quantitatively using Mobile Eye Tracker. The mobile eye tracker is easy to wear in eyeglasses form. And experiments are collected in video form, so it is very useful for realizing objective data of teacher's class situation in real time. Participants in the study were 2 elementary teachers, and they are teaching sixth grade science in Seoul. Participants took a 40-minute class wearing a mobile eye tracker. Eye movements of participants were collected at 60 Hz, and the collected eye movement data were analyzed using SMI BeGaze 3.7. In this study, the area related to the class was set as the area of interest, we analyzed the visual occupancy of teachers. In addition, we analyzed the linguistic interaction between teacher and students. The results of the study are as follows. First, we analyze the visual occupancy of meaningful areas in teaching-learning activities by class stage. Second, the analysis of eye movements when teachers interacted with students showed that teacher A had a high percentage of students' faces, while teacher B had a high visual occupation in areas not related to classes. Third, the linguistic interaction of the participants were analyzed. Analysis areas include questions, attention-focused language, elementary science teaching terminology, daily interaction, humor, and unnecessary words. This study shows that it is possible to analyze elementary science class objectively and quantitatively through analysis of visual occupancy using mobile eye tracking. In addition, it is expected that teachers' visual attention in teaching activities can be used as an index to analyze the form of language interaction.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.77.4-77
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• 2002

Communicating devices for the seriously disabled using eye-ball movement or some body movement are proposed. The first one is a device to use image processing, whose input signal is eyeball movement, A feature of this device is that the device can be readily realized using a note-book computer with USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface bus. This device is incorporated with a word processing software called Nearly Ladder. The second one is an emergency call switch which is used by a patient who can move his finger slightly. The patients can switch on the emergency switch only by touching a switch with his finger. The essence of this sensor is a touch sensor. The sensor can be realized using onl...

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.23-28
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• 1985

In this paper, the the duration of horizontall saccadic eye movement is studied alls measurement system is designed using microprocessor to obtain the quantitized data The duration is measured using the beginning and ending points of the saccadic velocity threshold. The results obtained are as follows. 1. The average duration of the saccade for angle displacement of 0$^{\circ}$ to 20$^{\circ}$ lies between 25 and 60 msec, and represents the increasing curve except 9$^{\circ}$ and 12$^{\circ}$ 2. The average duration lfor angle displacement of 5$^{\circ}$,10$^{\circ}$,15$^{\circ}$, and 20$^{\circ}$ is 40, 48, 57.5, and 62 msec, respectively. 3. Nasal movement has a little longer duration than temporeal movement. 4. The duration is not concerned with subject's will.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study was conducted to find correct head and neck patterns, manual contact. verbal commands with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF). Method : This is a literature study with books, seminar note and book for PNF international course. Result : Keep the information of the biomechanics and neural science in head and neck patterns and emphasize that manual contact, verbal commands and visual stimulus. Manual contacting for movement guide and stability of the $C_0/C_1$ verbal command and visual stimulus for correcting of the $C_0/C_1$ movements. Conclusion : In reminder for PNF learning, begin with head and neck and upper trunk patterns. In that time, Knott and Voss(1968) had not enough information about biomechanic movement components and neural science movement components. But Knott and Voss(1968) emphasized that head and neck patterns relate with trunk, upper extremities and lower extremities directly. Alar ligaments are relaxed with the head in neutral and taut in flexion. Axial rotation of the head and neck tightens both alar ligaments. The right upper and left lower portions of the alar ligament limit left lateral flexion of the head and neck. Therefore, head and neck patterns has to be modify. When head moving, eye and vestibular stimulus will be change. During head and neck patterns, must be consider about stimulus of eye system and vestibular system also.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.365-373
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• 2011

The existing GOMS model overestimates the performance time of mouse activities because it describes them in a serial sequence. However, parallel movements of eye and hand(eye-hand coordination) have been dominant in mouse activities and this eye-hand coordination is the main factor for the overestimation of performance time. In this study, therefore, the revised CGOMSL model was developed to implement eye-hand coordination to the mouse activity to overcome one of the limitations of GOMS model, the lack of capability for parallel processing. The suggested revised CGOMSL model for drag activity, as an example for one of mouse activities in this study, begins visual search processing before a hand movement but ends the visual search processing with the hand movement in the same time. The results show that the revised CGOMSL model made the prediction of human performance more accurately than the existing GOMS model. In other words, one of the limitations of GOMS model, the incapability of parallel processing, could be overcome with the revised CGOMSL model so that the performance time should be more accurately predicted.