• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 1999

Dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) granular formulations for controlled release (DGFCRs) were prepared with biodegradable polymers, corn starch and pregelatinized starch, to minimize harmful side effects, extend weed control performance, and control the releasing rate of the active ingredient. Physico-chemical properties and biological activity of DGFCRs were studied. Six different granules were formulated by applying two processes, granulation and extrusion. Formulation efficiencies of active ingredient (A.I.) in the granules prepared by granulating and extruding were $90.0{\sim}96.3%$. Incorporation ratios of A.I. in the granules prepared by granulating and extruding showed $89.5{\sim}94.5%$ and $46.7{\sim}82.0%$, respectively. The highest swellability was DG-2 formulation prepared with corn starch. Whereas, the lowest floatability in water was DG-2 formulation, while the highest one was DG-1 formulation prepared with pregelatinized starch, Miragel 463. The degradation rates of dicamba in the granules under the elevated temperature of $50^{\circ}C$ were less than 5% for DG-1 and DG-2 formulations even after 90 days, meanwhile, those of DE-1 formulations prepared with pregelatinized starch, Mirasperse, were more than 5%. The release rates of A.I. from the granules into water under a static condition were about 100% after 2 weeks. Weeding effects of the granules on broad leaf weeds tested in greenhouse were more than 90% after 30 days.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.195-203
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• 2011

Eco-friendly materials or bio-composites were made with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as matrix polymer and kenaf fibers as filler. Also, acetylated kenaf fibers and compatibilizer were adopted in order to improve the interfacial adhesion between fiber and polymer. In this study, the effect of chemical modification and compatibilizer on the mechanical-viscoelastic and morphology properties of the bio-composites was discussed. The hydrophobic fibers by acetylation were known to show better interfacial bonding with the matrix polymer and resulted in improved performance and morphology. Viscoelastic property and glass transition temperature, however, were not nearly enhanced.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.90-95
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• 1986

A comparative study of chemical characteristics, efficacy and relative merits of extruded and coated granules, containing fungicide and insecticide, was conducted under laboratory and field conditions. Probenzole (3-allyloxy-1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxide) and carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methyl carbamate) were chosen as toxicants for rice blast(Pyricularia oryzae) and brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) control, respectively. Stability of active ingredients in coated granule was superior to the extruded one under accelerated temperature. Active ingredient dissolution of coated one into distilled water showed slow release pattern. Pesticide residues in rice (Oryzae sativa, Chucheongbyeo) shoot applied with extruded one at the dosage of 3kg/10a retained higher levels than those with coated one on two days after application, while the residue levels were a reversed tendency on eight days after application. Efficacy on rice blast exhibited minute differences between the granules, on the other hand efficacy on brown planthopper by coated one was of higher rank than that by extruded one. Production cost of the combined pesticide granule by coating method could be cut down by 6% as compared to extrusion method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.473-480
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gluten and moisture contents on the physical properties of extruded soy protein isolate. Extrusion conditions included various moisture (45, 50, and 55%) and gluten contents (20, 40, and 60%) at a fixed screw speed and die temperature of 250 rpm and $140^{\circ}C$, respectively. Specific mechanical energy input decreased as gluten content increased from 20 to 60%. Hydration ratio was highest ($293.23{\pm}13.68%$) at gluten and moisture contents of 20 and 55%, respectively. Lightness and yellowness increased as gluten content increased from 20 to 60% while redness decreased as gluten content increased. Color difference was the highest at low gluten and moisture contents. Integrity index was the highest ($71.15{\pm}0.93%$) at gluten and moisture contents of 60 and 45%, respectively. Nitrogen solubility index was not significantly affected by moisture content and was lowest ($22.46{\pm}1.11%$) at gluten and moisture contents of 60 and 55%, respectively. In conclusion, higher gluten and lower moisture contents were effective for texturization of soy protein isolate.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.562-566
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• 2012

A novel design of tubular segmented-in-series(SIS) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) sub module was presented in this paper. The tubular ceramic support was fabricated by the extrusion technique. The NiO-YSZ anode and the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte were deposited onto the ceramic support by dip coating method. After sintering at $1350^{\circ}C$ for 5 h, a dense and crack-free YSZ film was successfully fabricated. Also, the multi-layered cathode composed of LSM-YSZ composite, LSM and LSCF were coated onto the sintered ceramic support by dip coating method and sintered at $1150^{\circ}C$. The performance of the tubular SIS SOFC cell and sub module electrically connected by the Ag-glass interconnect was measured and analysed with different fuel flow and operating temperature.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2012

Tubular $Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-{\delta}}$ membranes with $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Ti_{0.3}Fe_{0.7}O_{3-{\delta}}$ porous coating layer were prepared by extrusion and dip coating technique. XRD and SEM result showed the tubular membrane possessed the perovskite structure and porouscoating layer (thickness= about $2{\mu}m$) in surface. The oxygen permeation test was measured at condition of ambient air (feed side) and vacuum (permeate side) in the temperature range from 750 to $950^{\circ}C$. The oxygen permeation flux of $Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-{\delta}}$ tubular membrane with $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Ti_{0.3}Fe_{0.7}O_{3-{\delta}}$ porous coating layer reached maximum $3.2mL/min{\cdot}cm^2$ at $950^{\circ}C$ and was higher than non-coated $Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-{\delta}}$ tubular membrane. Long-term stability test result indicated that the oxygen permeation flux was quite stable during the 11 day.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 1995

Four species of Actinosporeans, Aurantiactinomyxon sp. A, B, C and Neoctinomyxon sp. D were released from Oligochaete, Branchiura sowerbyi captured from three reserviors, where intestinal giant-cystic disease in carp had occured from June to September, 1994. All part of the intestinal epithelial tissue from the gullet to the anus of B. sowerbyi were infected by Actino-sporeans, and many mature Actinosporean were seen more easily at the posterior parts of the body. Just before releasing, mature Actinosporean sporozoites were divied into each individual from the intestinal epithelial tissue of Oligochaete, while immature ones had 6 spores ($20{\times}25{\mu}m$ in size) per each in the oocyst ($60{\times}65{\mu}m$ in size). A total of 1, 762 of B. sowerbyi were investigated in three reservoirs, 86 individuals (4.88%) of them were infected; 0. 74% (13 ind.) of Aurantiactinomyxon sp. A, 2. 27% (40 ind.) of Aurantiactinomyxon sp. B, 1. 59% (28 ind.) of Aurantiactinomyxon sp. C, and 0. 28% (5 ind.) of Neoactinomyxon sp. D. At the room temperature of 22.6-$30.7^{\circ}C$, number of extrusion dates of Actinosporeans from B. sowerbyi for 32 days are 1 day (23.3% of total, 1 time) or 5 days (11.7%. 5 times), and the majority was finished within 15 days, however, 6.7% of total were released for 32 days.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.6 s.90
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• pp.927-935
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were to investigate the soaking properties of the high-dietary fiber rice 'Goami 2'and to develop korean white Gruel prepared with Goami 2. With increasing soaking time at room temperature ($20^{\circ}C$), the water absorbing character of Goami 2 and Ilpum significantly increased during the first hour of soaking time, after which it remained constant. On the contrary, the hardness of Goami 2 and Ilpum significantly decreased with increasing soaking time until one hour, after which it remained constant. The properties of Korean white gruel were evaluated using two varieties of rice (Goami 2, Ilpum) and three blending times (10, 20 and 30 seconds respectively). The rice flour of Goami 2 for Korean white gruel showed a greater number of small particles (<20 $\mu$m) than that of Ilpum. Hunter a'and b'values of Korean white gruel prepared with Goami 2 were higher than that of Korean white gruel prepared with Ilpum. The consistency values on Bostwick consistometer of Korean white gruel prepared with Goami 2 were higher than those of Korean white gruel prepared with Ilpum. The texture of Korean white gruel was examined using a back extrusion rig. All of the rheological parameters of Korean white gruel prepared with Goami 2 were decreased with increasing blending time, while in llpum they were increased. In the sensory evaluation results, the overall acceptability of korean white gruel prepared with Goami 2 blended for 20sec showed the highest sensory scores and desirability.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.283-289
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• 2019

This study was performed to determine the effect of psyllium husk addition on the physical properties of rice extrudates. Rice-based formulations mixed with psyllium husk (0, 7, 14 and 21%) were extruded at a die temperature of 140℃, screw speed of 200 rpm, and moisture content of 20%. As the content of psyllium husk increased, expansion ratio decreased, while piece density and specific length increased. Apparent elastic modulus, breaking strength, adhesiveness, and hardness augmented with an elevation in psyllium husk content. Lightness declined as psyllium husk content furthered, while redness, yellowness, and color difference intensified. Water soluble index and water absorption index increased with an increased amount of psyllium husk. In conclusion, the addition of psyllium affected the expansion of extruded rice snack possessing hard texture, small cells, and sticky texture due to higher water absorption during hydration.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.314-320
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• 2022

The function of reinforcing fibers used in building materials is to maintain resistance to bending loads and to function for cracking caused by drying shrinkage. High-density fiber-cement composites are mainly used for linear plates and are used to increase bending resistance. Therefore, tensile properties, bonding strength with cement hydrate, alkali resistance, and the like are required. Recently, as the non-combustible performance has been strengthened, a function to minimize the occurrence of sparks during high-temperature heating has been added. Therefore, the use of organic fibers is limited. In this study, a study was conducted to replace polypropylene used as reinforcing fiber with hemp fiber with excellent heat resistance. Hemp fibers have excellent heat resistance, good affinity with cement, and excellent alkali resistance. Based on the total volume of polypropylene fibers used in the existing formulation, the non-combustible performance was compared and evaluated by using hemp fibers instead of the polypropylene fibers, and basic physical properties such as flexural strength were tested. As a result of conducting a non-combustibility and physical property test using hemp fibers with a fiber length of 7 mm using 2 % and 3 % by weight, it was found that there is no remaining time of the flame, and the flexural strength can be secured at 95 % level of the existing polypropylene fiber.