• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

Objectives : In other to determine the optimal extraction conditions, the various Bojungikgi-tang (BJIGT) decoctions prepared by different pressure levels and different extraction times were compared and evaluated in terms of the extract yield and the total soluble solid content. Methods : Decoctions were prepared by the pressure levels of 0 (non-pressurized) and 1 $kgf/cm^2$ (pressurized) for 60, 120 and 180 min. The extract yield and the total soluble solids content of decoctions were measured, and the amounts of the reference compounds in decoctions were investigated by the analysis using high performance liquid chromatography. Results : The extract yield and the total soluble solid content were higher in decoctions extracted by the pressurized method than those from decoction with non-pressurized method. The patterns of yield and contents showed a proportional increase to the extraction time. In analysis of the linear regression for four reference compounds such as liquiritin, nodakenin, hesperidin, and glycyrrhizin, the good linearity with the correlation coefficient more than 0.9999 was observed. The highest contents for four reference compounds were observed at 180 min of both the pressurized method and the non-pressurized method. Conclusions : This study suggests that the pressure in extraction method and the extraction time affect the compositional constituents in BJIGT decoctions. The extraction time of 180 min could be chosen in both pressurized and non-pressurized method as optimal extraction condition.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to investigate the optimal condition for macerating enzymatic extraction process that leads to the highest yield and the largest extracted amount of bio-active contents from Rubus coreanus Miq. fruit. The optimal extraction conditions were found as the following: The initial amount of the water added to the fruit was 20 ~ 30% by weight. The mixing ratio used for the macerating enzyme was 4 : 1 : 2 (w : w : w) for cellulase:pectinase:amylogucosidase, and the amount of the macerating enzyme added was 2% by weight. The extraction process was done at a temperature of $45{\sim}50^{\circ}C$ for 10 hours. The extraction yields on Rubus coreanus Miq. fruit by macerating enzymatic extraction process was increased by 84.3% compared to that of hot-water extraction process. The amounts of organic acids and vitamin found in the extract were also higher. The amount of polyphenol and anthocyanin contents in the extract were 185% and 257% of those from hot-water extraction, respectively. These results suggest that macerating enzymatic extraction is an effective method to boost extraction yield and to increase the amount of extraction of bio-active contents from Rubus coreanus Miq. fruit.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.786-791
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• 2006

Three solvent extraction techniques were used to recover waxy tractions from grain sorghum kernels. Yield and chemical composition of the waxy tractions obtained by reflux, bench scale (recirculated solvent), and countercurrent extraction methods were compared. Waxy traction yield from countercurrent extraction (0.200%) was significantly greater (p<0.05) than the yields of wax from both reflux (0.184%) and bench-scale (0.179%) methods. The waxy traction extracted using the bench-scale method showed the greatest relative amount of long-chained (primarily C:28 and C:30) alcohols while the countercurrent-extracted wax showed the greatest relative amount of long-chained fatty acids and fatty aldehydes. Countercurrent extraction removed a higher additive percentage of fatty aldehydes, acids, and alcohols than reflux or bench-scale extraction method.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.446-451
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• 2018

Effective ingredients were extracted using wheat sprout with high levels of flavonoids, and the extraction process was optimized with a central composite design model. The response value of the central composite design model establishes the extraction yield and the content of the flavonoids. The main and interactive effects were then analyzed depending on independent variables such as the extraction time, the volume ratio of alcohol to ultrapure water, and the extraction temperature. The extraction time and temperature were relatively large for the extraction yield. For the total flavonoids, the extraction time was most significantly affected. Considering both the extraction yield and the content of the total flavonoids, optimal extraction conditions were as follows: the extraction time (2.44 h), volume ratio of alcohol to ultrapure water (50.00 vol%), extraction temperature ($54.41^{\circ}C$). Under these condition, the extraction yield was 30.14 wt% and the content of the total flavonoids was $35.37{\mu}g\;QE/mL\;dw$. From the actual experimental result, the extraction yield under this condition was 29.92 wt% and the content of the total flavonoids was $35.32{\mu}g\;QE/mL\;dw$, which had an error rate of 0.39% and 0.74%, respectively. This is a multi-analysis comprehensive analysis that analyzes two simultaneous values of responses, but is considered to be highly accurate and also provides an excellent reliability of the optimization process in this study.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of citrus peel extracts with different hot water extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions. Enzymatic hydrolysis was also employed using Viscozyme L and results were compared with that of optimized hot water extract. Hot water extraction was performed under different parameters; the sample to solvent ratio(1:20, 1:15, 1:10), extraction time(2, 4 hrs), extraction temperature(85, $95^{\circ}C$) and enzymatic hydrolysis(0, 1%) and the subsequent extracts were used for determining their physicochemical properties, such as total yield, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and electron donating ability (EDA). With the increase in the sample to solvent ratio and extraction time, total yield, total phenolics, total flavonoids and EDA increased. But extraction temperature did not significantly affect the hot water extract. As hot water extract was hydrolyzed by the enzyme, total yield and active ingredients increased rapidly. In the result of total yield, total phenolics, total flavonoids and EDA, the activity of enzyme-treated extract was higher than those of enzyme-untreated extract. Based upon the overall hot water extraction efficiency, it was found that 20 times volume or 120 min at a time at $95^{\circ}C$ after enzyme treatment was optimal.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.379-383
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• 2008

Extraction characteristics of garlic and functional properties of corresponding extract were monitored by response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum extraction yield of 26.41% was obtained at microwave power of 146.29 W, ethanol concentration of 63.31 %, and extraction time of 5.88 min. At microwave power, ethanol concentration, and extraction time of 114.84 W, 58.83%, and 1.42 min, respectively, maximum electron-donating ability (EDA) was 72.86%. Maximum nitrite-scavenging ability was 94.62% at microwave power, ethanol concentration, and extraction time of 81.83 W, 2.65%, and 3.83 min, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed maximum pseudo-activity of 49.12% at microwave power of 34.23 W, ethanol concentration of 33.11 %, and extraction time of 4.40 min. Based on superimposition of 4-dimensional RSM with respect to extraction yield, electron-donating ability, nitrite-scavenging ability, and pseudo-activity of SOD, optimum ranges of extraction conditions were microwave power of 0-100 W, ethanol concentration of 40-70%, and extraction time of 2-8 min.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.836-840
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• 2005

Extraction characteristics of Bonus species of Brassica oleracea var. capita and functional properties of corresponding extract were monitored by response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum extraction yield of 44.07% was obtained at ratio of solvent to sample of 27.94 mL/g, ethanol concentration of 24.35%, and extraction temperature of $55.21^{\circ}C$. At ratio of solvent to sample, ethanol concentration, and extraction temperature of 21.11 mL/g, 58.53%, and $68.83^{\circ}C$, respectively, maximum electron-donating ability was 48.44%. Maximum inhibitory effect on tyrosinase was 68.94% at ratio of solvent to sample, ethanol concentration, and extraction temperature of 24.08 mL/g, 10.49%, and $78.71^{\circ}C$, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed maximum pseudo-activity of 24.78% at ratio of solvent to sample of 22.66 mL/g, ethanol concentration of 45.69%, and extraction temperature of $93.81^{\circ}C$. Based on superimposition of four-dimensional RSM with respect to extraction yield, electron-donating ability, and pseudo-activity of SOD, optimum ranges of extraction conditions were ratio of solvent to sample of 20-30 mL/g, ethanol concentration of 35-65%, and extraction temperature of $50-80^{\circ}C$.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2014

Three different types of extraction processes, which used supercritical carbon dioxide ($SCCO_2$) and organic solvent, were attempted to improve the extraction yield of oil from Chlorella vulgaris: cosolvent-modified $SCCO_2$ extraction, $SCCO_2$ extraction with ultrasonic sample treatment in organic solvent, and static extraction with organic solvent followed by dynamic $SCCO_2$ extraction. Among these, the last $SCCO_2$ extraction process was found to be most effective in the extraction of oil. Compared with pure $SCCO_2$ extraction, the extraction yield of oil was observed to increase about 7 times.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2018

The usage of wild ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has been limited due to short supply and high price. Therefore, sufficient production as well as efficient extraction of mountain ginseng are required for the development as products. In this study, wild ginseng adventitious root cultures were prepared for efficient production with advantages of fast growth and stable production. Treatment of methyl jasmonate (MJ) to wild ginseng adventitious root cultures increased the extraction yield and antioxidative activity. Further investigation on effect of extraction conditions suggested the importance of ethanol concentration on antioxidative activity and extraction yield of MJ-treated wild ginseng adventitious root cultures. Optimized extraction condition of MJ-treated wild ginseng adventitious root cultures for maximum extraction yield and antioxidative activity was determined using response surface methodology with three-level-three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD). Extraction of 1 g MJ-treated wild ginseng adventitious root culture with 30 ml of 9% ethanol at $30^{\circ}C$ produced 310.2 mg extract with 71.0% antioxidative activity at $100{\mu}g/ml$. Taken together, MJ-treated wild ginseng adventitious root culture is valuable source for wild ginseng usage and optimized extraction condition can be used for the development of functional products or folk remedies.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.453-458
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• 2011

In this study, two different extraction techniques, organic solvent extraction and supercritical carbon dioxide ($SCCO_2$) extraction, were employed to evaluate the extraction efficiency of oil from Chlorella vulgaris. In the organic solvent extraction, the effects of various organic solvent on the extraction yield were investigated. The $SCCO_2$ extraction was carried out while varying such operating parameters as temperature, pressure, $SCCO_2$ flow rate, and cosolvent. About 4.9 wt% of oil was extracted from ground Chrollera vulgaris for 18 h when dichloromethane/methanol (2：1, v/v) was used as an extraction solvent. The oil yield of the $SCCO_2$ extraction was found to be very low (0.53 wt%) and to increase up to about 0.86 wt% with the addition of cosolvent.