• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 1997

Activities of polygalacturonase, laccase, and intra- and extra-cellular $\beta$-glucosidase produced by 20 Botrytis cinerea isolates in liquid culture media containing cucumber cell was as a carbon source were measured and their relationships to the pathogenicity were analyzed. No significant correlations between these enzyme activities and the pathogenicity of B. cinerea were found. Mycelial growth rate on Bayendamm media, however, was higthly correlated with the pathogenicity (r=0.522) anong these isolates. Immuno-blot analysis of the culture filtrate using antibody against against exo-polygalacturonase revealed that only one band with molecular weight of 66 kDa was detected amone 34 tested isolates. It appears that these enzymes may not be primary factors in dermining the pathogenicity of B. cinerea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 1999

This study was to investigate the factors which influence foodservice dietitians' job satisfaction and dissatisfaction by the elementary school foodservice type using questionnaires. The results of the study are as followings : 1) Foodservice types of the subjects were urban 49(23.2%), country 141(66.8%) and island 21(10.0%). 79.6% of the urban type were operated by the conventional, independent management system, where 38.3% of the country and 52.4% of the island type were operated by conventional, joint management system. 2) Urban type dietitians showed significantly lower satisfaction on their salary & promotion(1.5) compare to country & island types(p<0.05). Island type dietitians showed significantly lower satisfaction on the student's health improving(2.4) compare to country &urban types(p<0.05). 3) Dietitians of urban type were dissatisfied more 'personnel management(3.2)' than dietitians of other two types. Dietitians of country type and island type were dissatisfied more 'extra work load(2.6)' than dietitians of urban type. 4) Work load was lots orderly island, country and urban types. Working attitudes were the most positive at dietitians of urban type and the most negative at dietitians of island type. 5) Job satisfaction and dissatisfaction of dietitians were correlated with number of meals, number of school transfer, cook license, additional job and school foodservice location type.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.41-57
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• 2008

To examine the gap between physician's perceived importance and performance of care and to identify factors associated with the gap. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted with 91 physicians working in a University hospital in Seoul. The respondents were asked about their perceived importance and actual performance of interpersonal care on a 5-point Likert-type scale, indicating a higher score as higher importance and performance. Interpersonal care was measured by questions modified from the Korean Standard Service Quality Index, which are grouped into 6 categories: basic services, extra services, reliability, courtesy, convenience, and tangibles. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to find out physician characteristics associated with the gap. All of the 6 interpersonal care categories showed lower performance than perceived importance. The respondents tended to have a worse performance than perceived importance as the number of patients per outpatient care session ($\beta$=-0.0204, p<0.05) and the need for customer satisfaction education increase ($\beta$=-0.2226, p<0.05). Female physicians ($\beta$=0.2336, p<0.05) and those with higher job satisfaction($\beta$=0.0096, p<0.05) showed a better performance than perception. Overall, it appears that lower quality of interpersonal care was delivered to patients than the desired level considered by the responding physicians. Based on the regression analysis results, it is suggested that reducing patient volume per session, fulfilling education need for customer satisfaction, and improving job satisfaction may contribute to reduce the gap between physician's perceived importance and performance of interpersonal care.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.121-142
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to resolve the factors that affect happiness levels and leisure life satisfaction of middle-class and to find way to incorporate them into policy. In this study, a status analysis on leisure life and One-Way ANOVA conduct a study on leisure resource and income levels that affect the happiness level and leisure life satisfaction. To recap briefly, to reduce the social and cultural polarization caused by economic disparity and to promote leisure life satisfaction and happiness level is possible quantitative-qualitative growth and maturation of middle class. The most important thing here is increasing in leisure time and leisure costs that consumed in real leisure life. In other words, leisure life satisfaction and happiness levels in the middle class has seen a significant difference in depending on whether and how much to spend on leisure time and cost, rather than differences of the monthly average household income. More particularly, analysis results seem to hoping of the extra leisure costs about 50,000 won per person and increasing the leisure time on weekdays and long weekend holiday. Above all, It is important to redefine the middle class that meets the recognition of the people and it should reflect government policy. Ultimately, The state of the socio-economic-welfare policies will be further expanded in the direction for the middle class, thinking of themselves as middle class and leading national consciousness.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.331-341
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• 2020

This study is a descriptive research study aimed at confirming the mediating effect of empathy ability in the relationship between interpersonal ability and adjustment to college life for freshman in nursing college. The study subjects were 179 freshman from the nursing department of four universities. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from June 11 to June 18, 2018. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the interpersonal ability and empathy ability of the nursing college freshman were factors influencing the adjustment to college life, and that the empathy ability had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between the interpersonal ability and the adjustment to college life. These results suggest that it is necessary to develop and apply curriculum and extra-curricular programs that can enhance students' empathy ability as a way to improve the adjustment to college life in the freshman. Therefore, repeated studies including various variables related to college life adjustmente of freshmen in nursing colleges are needed in the future.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.284-292
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of dietary attitudes and behaviors in relation to the use of computers of elementary school children in Seoul. The total of 451 elementary school children, consisting of 235 females and 216 males, participated in the study. The result of domestic characteristics, dietary attitudes and behaviors, the level of the use of computers, and health-related symptoms of the subjects were achieved through the questionnaires as follows: The average height, weight, BMI and obesity-index of the participants were 149.0 cm, 42.4 kg, 19.0, -8.6, respectively. Anions subjects, 42.8％ answered their bed times were between 11~12 pm, and 82.4％ answered that they had extracurricular activities. The most desired activity as their leisure was computer works (female: 44.3％, male: 62.5％). 38.4％ of children used the computers for 1~2 hours a day and the most general usage of computers was a computer game (66.1％). The changes in dietary habits of the subjects were such as eating faster(30.2％), having lots of snacks(28.8％), eating anything at hand(26.4％), skipping breakfast due to over-sleeping(18.4％). As changes in life patterns, those in the time managements for watching T.V.(35.3％), reading(35.0％), exercising(31.9％), sleeping(27.5％), relaxing(27.5％) and other hobbies(26.4％) were observed. In conclusion, many children were being affected by the socioeconomic factors changing the environments, especially by the need for the use of computers. The rates of eating alone and skipping breakfast were getting higher in the dietary patterns of elementary school children. We found that the changes in social environments according to the heavy use of the computer were affecting on their dietary pattern. The direction and method of nutrition education had to be established for the proper understanding of the desirable dietary behaviors.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.609-612
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• 2008

Ultra Super Early Strength Cement is a material that satisfies these requirements. early hydration heat however, is significant over regular concrete, thus discretion is advised for thermal cracks in accordance with heat generation when constructing a large-scale structures. In addition, the negative point that it is difficult to achieve required strength in a short period of time following rubbing process while retaining workability, the cement is being used conditionally for engineering material and Ultra Super Early Strength Cement for maintenance material for construction doesn't exist. Magnesia Phosphate Cement, which is currently under studies in overseas uses no extra admixture and has strong points of Ultra Super Early Strength as well as favorable construction-ability and adhesive stability to the prototype concrete. These factors stem recognition that it could be used as maintenance material for construction of diverse applicability. In order to provide necessary data to increase practicality of the magnesia phosphate cement for Ultra Super Early Strength Mortar, the study carried out simulate experiment on member of framework to review field applicability.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.33-44
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• 2015

Malaysian modern housing typologies (such as bungalows, semi-detached houses and terrace houses) are influenced by international style and constitute unique regional characteristics because they are modified in accordance with climatic conditions and unique social, ethnic housing cultures. This research identified unique characteristics and planning principles of how rooms and spaces of a house are related and organized into coherent patterns of form and space. For the analysis, we surveyed twenty-two residential precincts that identified twenty-five unit plan types for landed properties built in Ara Damansara, Malaysia. The methodology adopted in this study consisted of a document review and field surveys. It is difficult to find unique characteristics of space organization (except for the location of bathrooms) because the form of terrace houses is standardized and limited in design from the aspect of space organization. However, the organization of bedroom space and kitchen space has strong regional characteristics that have become stereotyped for semi-Ds and bungalows. General guideline for areas of unit plans are proposed based on the results of area analysis. We also found that the areas of L + D and MB increase as the total area of the house increases; however, the remaining rooms do not increase in area as long as they satisfy appropriate standards due to the addition of multi-purpose extra rooms. This study only examined limited cases in Ara Damansara and it is difficult to generalize the findings of other new towns in Malaysia. Nevertheless, it is worthwhile to collect and systematically organize data according to typologies. Finally, the authors were able to understand the unique regional design factors to be considered for landed property housing planning in Malaysia.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2016

In removable dental prostheses, it is important to minimize impairment of residual tissue caused by wearing dentures. There are two factors that harm residual tissue. The first is functional load bearing of remaining teeth and alveolar ridges and the second is the effect of poor oral hygiene. Double crown retained removable dental prostheses provide rigid support, and it may reduce impairment caused by load bearing of alveolar ridges. Also, dental plaque and oral deposits, which are attached to outer crowns and dentures, can be easily managed extra-orally. In addition, it is beneficial to the health of the marginal gingiva because inner crowns have easy access for oral hygiene. In this case, double crown retained removable dental prostheses were used for the partially edentulous patient with severe residual alveolar bone resorption and poor oral hygiene, and the result was clinically satisfactory in terms of functional, esthetical, and oral hygiene aspects.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 1998

A limb-sparing operation has a definitive role in the treatment of osteosarcoma in the lower extremity of skeletally-immature patients. After a limb-sparing operation, leg length discrepancy remains as a major disability that should be corrected. This study was designed to suggest methods of tumor resection and proper timing of leg length equalization in skeletally immature osteosarcoma patients. From September 1990 to January 1998, we reviewed eight osteosarcoma patients in an immature skeletal age. There were 4 males and 4 females, and their mean duration of follow-up was 50.37 months (range : 25 to 88 months). Mean skeletal age was 8 years (range : 8 months to 11 years). The patients were classified according to the methods of tumor resection ; intercalary resection in 1 case, transepiphyseal resection in 1, intra-articular resection in 5, and extra-articular resection in 1. The results were as follows ; 1. The leg lengthening was begun when a patient's leg length discrepancy reached 4-5cm. 2. The age of final lengthening with permanent reconstruction was 14 years in males and 12 years in females (about 2 years before skeletal maturity). 3. When reconstruction was performed with a temporary spacer, the site of lengthening Was in the soft tissue, not in bone, and then a permanant reconstruction was done. 4. Reconstruction with a biologic spacer to preserve the joint function was a reasonable method for equalization of leg length. In conclusion, the appropriate choice of reconstructive method and the age at which to correct the leg length discrepancy in a skeletally-immature osteosarcoma patients are important factors for maintaining leg length at full maturity.