• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2018

In this study, an eye-tracking program that can confirm a design cognition process was developed for the purpose of presenting strategic methods to create fashion images, and the program was used to identify what effects fashion models' external characteristics have on the cognition of design. The data for analysis were collected through an eyemovement tracking experiment and a survey, with the focus on the research problem that differences in models' external uniformity will lead to differences in the eye movement for perceiving models and design as well as the image sensibility. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, it was confirmed that the uniformity of model types and the simplicity/complexity of design led to differences in the eye movement directed at design and models and the gaze ratio. Consequently, it is deemed that models should be selected in consideration of the characteristics of design and the intention of planning when creating fashion images. Second, it was found that in terms of the cognition of design, external conditions of models affect design sensibility. A change in models led to a subtle difference in sensibility cognition even when the design condition did not change. Thus, not only the design but also model attributes are factors that should be considered important in fashion planning.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.374-381
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• 2007

In order to verify the feasibility of expansion of back-fire limit equivalence ratio in the hydrogen-fueled engine with external mixture, the characteristics of performance and combustion are experimentally analyzed with change of intake/exhaust valve timings under the fixed valve overlap period of $0^{\circ}$ CA(non-valve overlap period). These characteristics are also tested for the change of exhaust valve closing timing while intake valve opening timing is fixed to clear the main cause of back-fire occurrence. As the results, the less valve overlap period center is retarded, the more back-fire limit equivalence ratio increases and back-fire does not occurred after TDC. In addition, it was shown that the control of back-fire is dependent on intake valve opening timing than valve overlap period.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2016

This paper addresses the load usage scheduling in the HEMS for residential power consumers. The HEMS would lead the residential users to change their power usage, so as to minimize the cost in response to external information such as a time-varying electricity price, the outside temperature. However, there may be a consumer's inconvenience in the change of the power usage. In order to improve this, it is required to understand the pattern of load usage according to the external information. Therefore, this paper suggests a methodology to model the load usage pattern, which classifies home appliances according to external information affecting the load usage and models the usage pattern for each appliance based on a copula function representing the correlation between variables. The modeled pattern would be reflected as a constraint condition for an optimal load usage scheduling problem in HEMS. To explain an application of the methodology, a case study is performed on an electrical water heater (EWH) and an optimal load usage scheduling for EHW is performed based on the branch-and-bound method. From the case study, it is shown that the load usage pattern can contribute to an efficient power consumption.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.399-406
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to propose a methodology for estimating greenhouse gas emission reduction through HFCs used in the foam industry. This study investigated characteristics of HFCs and greenhouse gas emissions from production processes in the foam industry, which uses HFCs as a blowing agent. Also, we investigated fluorinated gas removal technology to determine a proper technology for the foam industry. And we confirmed the criteria and characteristics of External Project for methodology development. According to criteria of External Project and foam industrial process emission, a methodology for calculating the amount of greenhouse gas emission reduction in foam industry was developed. Lastly, we analyzed the amount of greenhouse gas emission reduction and KOC (Korea Of Offset) in the foam industry based on the domestic government's plan to reduce HCFCs and imported amount of HFCs used as a blowing agent. The results of this study demonstrate that linking greenhouse gas reduction in the foam industry and the domestic greenhouse gas reduction system can contribute to achieve the domestic greenhouse gas reduction goal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.195-196
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• 2019

The temperature and relative humidity in concrete change with the passage of time depending on factors such as compressive strength. They are also different depending upon internal depth of concrete. In this study, we have measured the change of the temperature and relative humidity in the concrete for two years to act as the parameters to evaluate the concrete durability and effective maintenance.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.19-22
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• 2001

In this paper, we describe the electro-optic effects of photonic crystals made of a synthetic opal filled with a nematic liquid crystal(LC). By applying an external electric field, a shift in the Bragg reflection peak position(stop band) and a field-induced change in its peak reflectivity are observed. These significant surface alignment effects of the opal-LC composite are discussed in a similar manner for Freederick-type transitions of LC within a confined geometry in the presence of external fields.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.259-270
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analysis of pelvis and lower extremity using orientation angles during a developpe a la seconde. Data were collected by Kwon3D program. Two females professional modem dancer were participated in this experiment. Subjects performed a developpe a la seconde in meddle heights(about 90 dog.) The results were as follows. The orientation angles of pelvis were, in most cases, caused by the movement of trunk and thigh. It was restricted the movement of pelvis within narrow limits because the movement of pelvis was very important to lower extremity alignment. The orientation angle of shank against thigh showed a change of angle about $3-6^{\circ}$ in internal external rotation. The orientation angle of foot against shank showed a change of angle about $6-7^{\circ}$ in internal external rotation.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.349-355
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• 2004

The material such as steel or concrete has used to civil structures such as drainage pipes , but many problems such as corrosion in using steel and concrete pipes have happened. So, Necessity of developing new materials with high strength and anti-corrosion has been topic recently. One of this topics is study about ERP pipe. The strength of orthotropic FRP tends to be higher than it of isotropic FRP, the buckling problems can be significant in materials with high strength. thus, the study about bucking of orthotropic FRP-pipe is needed. In this study, buckling analysis of laminated cylindrical composite structures subjected In ply angle change under external uniform pressure was performed.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.779-784
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• 2005

This paper presents the theory of similarity transformations applied to the momentum and energy equations for laminar, forced, external boundary layer flow over a horizontal flat plate which leads to a set of non-linear, ordinary differential equations of phase change material slurry(PCM Slurry). The momentum and energy equation set numerically to obtain the non-dimensional velocity and temperature profiles in a laminar boundary layer are solved. The heat transfer characteristics of PCM slurry was numerically investigated with similar method. It is clarified that the similar solution method of Newtonian fluid can be used reasonably this type of PCM slurry which has low concentration. The data of local wall heat flux and convective heat transfer coefficient of PCM slurry are higher than those of water more than 150$\~$200$\%$, approximately.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2013

The air spring is used widely because of the easy change of spring constant, and, a superior vibration and shock insulation performance. Among the apparatus using the merits of that, the air spring connected an auxiliary chamber has been developed and used as a component of suspension system for an automobile and a railroad car. The purpose of this study is to suggest a design method reflecting heat transfer effect for an air spring system connected auxiliary chamber. In order to do so, this study investigates change of reaction force along with variations in heat transfer coefficient, and, analyzes an effectiveness of a heat transfer characteristics of an auxiliary chamber for external force attenuation characteristics and impedance characteristics of an air spring connected an auxiliary chamber.