• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.22-34
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• 2007

We researched the previous study about the restaurant's physical environment and had made up questionnaires. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of physical facilities of family restaurants on customers' satisfaction. The result was as follows: First, customers visited with friends or family irrespective of days $2{\sim}3$ times a month. Second, the physical environment factors of family restaurants were interior design, interior, making atmosphere and exterior. Third, it was the interior factor(0.268), making atmosphere factor(0.353) and exterior factor(0.244) that affected customers' satisfaction in family restaurants(p<0.001). $R^2$ change was 0.659 and the regression model was suited to our study(F=56.475). To increase customers' satisfaction, the physical environment of family restaurants needs remodeling in proper time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.202-212
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• 2013

Outstanding service quality is a crucial factor to increase customer revisits, to increase customer revisits, to create new customers through positive word-of-mouth marketing and increase profits; in conjunction, the physical environment of department stores have a firsthand impact on customer purchasing behavior. This study examines the physical environment dimensions of department stores in China and the causal relationship with the physical environment, service environment, internal responses and store loyalty. The subjects in this study were male and female adults who finished the shopping the Lotte and Wangfujing Department Store located in Beijing. All participants were over the age of 20 and a one-on-one survey was conducted to gather data from October to November 2011. Data from 424 respondents were analyzed: in addition, AMOS factor analysis and path analysis were used. The results were as follows. First, physical environment factors consist of exterior aesthetic attraction, convenience, cleanliness and an interior aesthetic attraction. Second, exterior aesthetic attraction, convenience and cleanliness affect the overall service environment perception. Third, the service environment exercised an influence on internal responses, and internal responses impacted store loyalty. Fourth, a comparative analysis was made over Korean and Chinese department stores in China to check the research model. In Wangfujing Department Store, exterior aesthetic attraction, cleanliness and convenience had a statistically significant impact on service environment perceptions. In Lotte Department Store, the perception of service environment was under the statistically significant influence of all physical factors (exterior aesthetic attraction, interior aesthetic attraction, convenience and cleanliness). The findings of this study are helpful for Korean Department stores that plan to make inroads into China to formulate efficient service environment strategies tailored to local consumer characteristics.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to suggest a proper plan about the exterior space of elementary school in Korea through analyzing the various factors of the exterior spaces in foreign elementary school case. because the foreign cases have diversified eco-friendly certification standards on the elementary school unlike Korean cases. Method: First, we review the recent eco-friendly research trends of elementary schools and the external space characteristics of elementary schools that are currently being studied through related literary surveys, And we review the korean criteria factor for eco-friendly certification, we draw the types of exterior space thorough analysis framework, using the korean criteria factor. Second, the foreign cases of the elementary school were chosen, and then some planning data such as architecture scheme, design concepts and drawings will be collected. So the data were analysed and then the characteristics of physical setting and eco-friendly certification standards will be drawn. Third, We analyzed the characteristics and factor of physical and eco-friendly of exterior space through the drawn types. Result: The various physical settings are appeared physical environment. when we analyzed certification factors at korean eco-friendly standards, the suggestion and guide about the eco-friendly elements than the numerical goals were treated importantly in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to suggest a basis for exterior space improving in university campus in terms of upgrading the quality of university education environment by analysing user's cognition and physical feature about campus exterior space. For this, this study was survey six major university students in Busan city about perception of campus exterior space, and analyzes the user's cognition by using natural-language vocabulary analysis for qualitative approach. Next, this study analyzes the physical feature of campus exterior space by investigating user's intensive using spaces and preferred, non-preferred spaces in their universities, then propose the improved direction of campus exterior space by comparing the analyzed data of user's cognition and physical feature. A SPSS20 program is used for the data analysis and the sample sizes are 171 college students.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.85-92
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• 2012

This study aims to evaluate the residential exterior environment and ascertain the factors having an effect on the visual environment viewed through the living room window. This study is based on a questionnaire on the exterior environment targeting residents living in the area of Nohyunng in Jeju city, Jeju-do. The results are as follows. First, residents are satisfied with the exterior environment as a whole; however, the longer-term residents' level of satisfaction is found to be relatively low while dissatisfaction is high. Additionally, there is a difference in satisfaction and dissatisfaction levels between the residents in their own housing and those in rental housing. The residents living in rental housing were found to have a relatively low level of satisfaction and high dissatisfaction. Second, in the case where the living room window faces roads, low satisfaction and high dissatisfaction levels with the visual environment were found, where the living room is on the first or second floor. Third, satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the exterior environment have a close correlation to the impression or nature elements of 26 questions but they show low correlation in size, height, color, design, traffic, artifact elements. Finally, as a result of extracting the factors influencing satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the visual environment, four factors were extracted including "Impression & Nature factor", "Building factor", "Design factor", and "Traffic volume & Artifacts factor". "Impression & Nature factors" is the most influencing factor with satisfaction and dissatisfaction and "Traffic volume & Artifacts factor" was found to have an effect on satisfaction, but not as clearly on dissatisfaction.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.26 no.A
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• pp.29-38
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• 2006

Efficiency and universality which was the spirit of the modern age, had also an enfluence on our living environment. Various types of individual housing unit were developed and mass-produced. However, the exterior space in our city is a place for our social life and intermediate place to connect the private life of each individual to our society. For the people to adapt themselves well to their environment, it should be well organized which means it is clearly divided and integrated in a hierarchical order. To realize these conditions, adequate boundaries to divide each territory and entrances to connect each territory are two essential elements. One of the possible methods to realize these conditions can be found in korean traditional architecture where the exterior space has the same figural quality like buildings and is the center of the whole composition. Buildings, walls and colonnades are the elements to define space. Gates, pavilions, gabs between buildings and posts are the elements to symbolize the entrance connecting each space. Each exterior space is integrated to a whole composition. One is the gradual differentiation along the axis which is unique in korean traditional architecture. The other is the rectangular connection which is also found in the other area in the world. The results of this thesis are as follows. The exterior space in the housing area should have the figural quality. The elements to make boundaries defining exterior space are classified into horizontal elements such as low buildings and walls, and vertical elements such as tower-shape buildings which define space in a different way. The position of openings in a housing block affects the characteristic and openness of a exterior space. Various types of gates are used to decide the relationship between spaces.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.848-851
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• 2014

In a small territory like South Korea, the only alternative to accommodate people in a big city is building apartment house. Exterior traffic noise is not inevitable as the apartment house is set up on wayside or main road is newly established near the area. As the request for quiet environment increases for a better quality of life recently, the exterior noise is considered to be resolved. This study shows the present condition of exterior noise of apartments and reviews a need for the improvement by comparing and analyzing the regulations of main country. Finally, considered the evaluating the interior noise in the apartment house.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.81-86
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• 2011

By strengthening the insulation performance of a building, a great deal of energy can be saved and a comfortable indoor environment can be offered to people. On the other hand, the climate, which has a great influence on the indoor environment, is changed by global warming. Therefore, in planning building envelope structure and design, climate change should be considered. In this paper, the optimal insulation thickness of exterior walls was calculated by an economic assessment method using heating degree-days. Additionally, how much influence climate change has on planning building insulation was investigated. The examination showed that heating degree-days have decreased by about 10% due to climate change in the past few decades. It was also shown that the optimal insulation thickness of exterior walls was thin, at about 6%, in three representative Korean cities (Seoul, Daejeon, Jeju).

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.3
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• pp.26-32
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• 1994

The aim of this study is to provide practical guide for exterior design in apartment and to propose a device to improve the quality of residential environment by the color planning. Color is a language of context and used as a visual aid to recognize the objects and spaces in the world around us. In this sense, each color perception is unique to its own setting and not subject to any universal rules of thumbs, Therefore, when designing with color, each setting will demand its own specific set of rules. A balanced color scheme has to make the environment more pleasant for people to live in . Fro the exterior in housing the use of color has to be considered not just in its wider context of the architecture or surrounding but as an element of the life of the inhabitant. So it is considered on the type of people who will live in and visual condition of site. In this study , the objective model of systematic design process for environmental color planning is proposed on the basis of theroetical background and references investigated, By the existing thesis, resident's preference of the exterior color and foumular of composition in apartment was invastigated . In general theories, based on the theory Birren's color harmony for color coordination an design principles, a device of exterior color design in apartment was suggested by the course of reasonable design process. Color in environment plays many different roles. It integrates the architecture with the site. If color is use well, it can soften architecture that is too harsh, it can give a sense of identity to different part of site and improve a city's image. The environmental color is effective media to enhance the aesthetic value of architecture and environment.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2003

Recently, buildings with transparent glazing on exterior walls have increased. The transparent glazing on exterior walls gives an impression of opening through introducing external environment's elements to inside of the building, and has various merits and so on, but has defects in controling indoor environments. Especially, the excess of solar radiation in summer increases cooling load causing discomforts to occupants providing radiant environment with high temperature. Cooling load mainly depends on electricity comparing to heating load and intents to centralize specific time. So it is necessary to work out a countermeasure. In this study, showed P building with transparent glazing on exterior walls as a case, investigated indoor thermal performance, numerical analysis of P building in summer through comparing dry-sauna which is represented as radiant environment with high temperature. In the results of this study, transparent glazing space has radiant environment with high temperature such as dry-sauna because of the excess of solar radiation. Accordingly countermeasures are considered in building planning. As concrete methods, there are adiabatic effects using double glazing, use of sunscreen, blind, ventilation facilitation using natural draft, decrease of surface temperature through evaporation cooling and cooling coils.