• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.628-634
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• 2016

투수들의 경기력은 야구경기에서 아주 중요한 역할을 하는데 많은 투수들은 염좌 인대손상 등 많은 상해에 시달린다. 이러한 이유는 한 관절을 움직일 때 사용되는 주요한 두 가지 근육의 근력 차이가 클수록 부상의 위험성이 높아지기 때문이다. 하지만 이와 관련된 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 야구선수들을 대상으로 팔꿈치 안쪽 곁인대 통증이 있는 선수들과 통증이 없는 선수들의 투구 동작에 관련된 최대 등척성 수축력의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 실험기간은 2주간으로 모든 실험참가자들의 측정이 실시되었다. 실험참가자들(n=36)은 통증이 있는 통증군 (n=18)과 통증이 없는 정상군 (n=18)으로 나뉘어 최대 등척성 수축력을 어깨관절 안쪽과 바깥돌림근, 팔꿉굽힘근과 폄근, 손목굽힘근과 폄근에서 측정하였고 그후 근육그룹간 근력의 차이를 계산하였다. 모든 데이터는 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여서 독립 t-test를 이용하여서 분석되었다. 연구결과는 통증군의 바깥돌림근 (p = 0.035), 팔꿉굽힘근 (p=0.031), 팔꿉폄근 (p=0.041)은 정상군보다 유의하게 낮았고 손목폄근(p=0.047)은 정상군보다 유의하게 높았다. 그리고 통증군의 어깨관절 안쪽과 바깥돌림근(p = 0.008), 팔꿉관절 굽힘근과 폄근(p = 0.002), 손목관절의 굽힘근과 폄근의 (p = 0.032) 최대등척성수축력의 차이가 정상군보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 연구결과 통증군의 최대등척성수축력의 차이가 높게 나타나서 부상이 발생한다고 보고하였다. 그러므로 이러한 근력의 불균형 문제를 해결한다면 부상에서 회복하고 더불어 경기력 향상을 이룰 수 있게 된다고 사료된다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study is to apply exercise learning effect to various subjects through training effect and information accumulation based on verification of the effect on dumbbell curl exercises applied with virtual reality. Method: To analyze the effect on the dumbbell curl exercise in the virtual environment, a total of 20 persons with 10 males and 10 females who does not have orthopedics diseases were selected. The dumbbell weight of the subjects was set to a weight of 70% strength of 1RM. At this time, the virtual environment situation was set to four types; presence/absence of virtual environment, preferred colors, and unfavorable colors to perform dumbbell curl exercise. The anaysis of muscle activity was conducted by adhering four surface electrodes (Biceps Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Brachioradialis Muscle, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle) on the right upper limbs. Independent sample t-test using SPSS (24.0) program was carried out to analyze average values and standard deviations for each variable depending on the presence/absence of virtual environments and changes in color (preferred colors, unfavorable colors) and the level of significance was set to a=.05. Results: In the eccentric contraction, males showed high muscle activity in the Biceps Brachii under virtual reality. On the other hand, females had high muscle activity in the Biceps Brachii in the absence of virtual reality. Also, in case of a change of colors in the virtual environment, females had the high muscle activity in the unfavorable color in the eccentric contraction. Conclusion: During the dumbbell curl exercise, results of different exercises present depending on gender. When males put VR on and performs a basic dumbbell curl exercise, the effect of Biceps presents Brachii for them while exercising in unfavorable colors. However, since it is the basic research data of muscle exercise using virtual reality, it is necessary to verify whether or not it is effective for myopachynsis through long-term training rather than unity.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of taping method using elastic tape and non-elastic tape on pain, grip strength and muscle activity in middle-aged female patients with lateral epicondylitis. METHODS: The subjects were 40- to 50-year-old female patients with lateral epicondylitis. A total of 22 subjects were divided into two groups, and each group had 11 patients. The intervention was carried out three times a week for 4 weeks. One group applied tape using elastic tape (ETG) while the other group applied tape using non-elastic tape (NETG). The measurement factors were pain, grip strength, and muscle activity. Pain was measured using VAS. Grip strength was measured using a grip dynamometer, and muscle activity was measured using EMG in the affected extensor carpi radialis brevis. Changes in interventions were compared among the groups using a paired t-test. The comparison between groups compared delta values (Changed values) between pre- and post-intervention using an independent t-test. RESULTS: In both groups, there was a statistically significant decrease in VAS. However, there was no statistically significant decrease in the delta value of VAS between ETG and NETG. In both groups, grip strength and muscle activity increased after intervention. There were statistically significant differences in delta values between ETG and NETG. CONCLUSION: Taping is a good intervention method for patients with lateral epicondylitis. Both elastic tape and non-elastic tape were effective. In particular, taping using elastic tape is an effective method for improving muscle function with pain reduction.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2010

The present case study highlights the effects of a novel Comprehensive Hand Repetitive Intensive Strengthening Training (CHRIST) on morphological changes and associated upper extremity (UE) muscle strength and motor performance in a child with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy (CP). The Child, a 10-year-old girl with spastic quadriplegic CP, was treated with CHRIST for 60 minutes a day, five times a week, for 5 weeks. The CHRIST was designed to improve motor function and strength. Clinical tests including the modified Wolf Test, Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, and Pediatric Motor Activity Log questionnaire were used to determine motor function. Ultrasound imaging was performed to determine the changes in the cross-section area (CSA) of the extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and triceps brachii (TRI). Muscle strength was measured with a dynamometer at pretest, and post-test, and 3-month follow-up. Ultrasound imaging data showed that the CSAs of both ECR and TRI muscles were enhanced as a function of the intervention. These changes were associated with muscle strength and motor performance and their effects remained even at a 3-month follow-up test. Our results suggest that the CHRIST was effective at treating muscle atrophy, weakness and motor dysfunction in a child with spastic quadriplegic CP.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.681-686
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• 2010

Although the height of a ramp is an important design element, it has not been considered in prior studies. Therefore, in this study, the ramp slope and height are considered as independent variables. To analyze the effects of the slope and height, five levels of slope (1:6, 1:8, 1:10, 1:12 and 1:14) and three levels of height (15cm, 30cm and 45cm) are considered. For the dependent variables, the total time, velocity and perceived discomfort were considered as usability measures, pulse rate changes and EMG signals of four related muscles (extensor carpi radialis, triceps brachii, anterior deltoid and posterior deltoid) were considered as physiology measures. As a result, differences among usability and physiological characteristic for the five slopes increased as the height increased. Additionally, slope effects were minor when the height was low (15cm). Almost domestic/international regulations and guidelines related to ramp recommended 1:12 slope for the ramp design, however, there was no significant difference between 1:10 and 1:12 according to result of this study. In addition, slope effects were minor at a low height; thus, a slope of 1:8 can be recommended if the installation space for a gentler ramp is not sufficient.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to see the changes in muscle activity of the upper limb in persons using a smartphone. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: An experiment was conducted to target 15 right-handed university students. Experiments were carried out for students using cell phones for more than a year. In this study, experiments were carried out with one-handed and both handed operation of smartphone use in a sitting position, the same parameters with smartphone use in a standing position. The experiments were carried out by having the subjects write a text message in Korean on the smartphone for 3 minutes repeated 3 times with a rest period of 10 seconds given between each 3 minute period. Electromyography (EMG) was used to record the muscle activity of the upper trapezius (UT), extensor carpi radialis (ECR), and abductor pollicis (AP) during phone operation. Results: The muscle activity of the AP and ECR were significantly higher during single handed compared to double handed in both sitting and standing position (p<0.05). The muscle activity of the ECR was significantly higher in standing position compared to sitting position with double handed use of the smartphone (p<0.05). UT muscle activity of the right has been activated more than twice compared to the left UT in a sitting position (p<0.05). And UT muscle activity on the right has been activated more than five times compared to the left in a standing position (p<0.05). Conclusions: Using smartphone with double hand is useful for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.526-534
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activities of stroke patients and healthy participants during bimanual tasks. Design: A cross sectional study. Methods: A total of 25 participants (13 hemiparetic stroke patients and 12 healthy participants) were recruited. The muscle activities using electromyogram (EMG) during bimanual tasks were collected from the following muscles: extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), biceps brachii (BB), and triceps brachii (TB). The bimanual tasks included eight tasks consisted of (1) raising the wrists up and down, (2) supinating and pronating the palms, (3) touching the shoulder with fingertips, (4) drawing vertical dot, (5) reaching for a cup and bring it in to drink, (6) drawing a circle outward and (7) inward, and (8) grasping the fingers. The EMG data collected from the muscles of paretic and non-paretic sides of stroke patients and the average from both sides of healthy subjects were normalized and compared after calculating the percentage of maximal isometric voluntary contraction. Results: The ECRL, BB and TB of the paretic side of the stroke patients showed relatively greater muscle activity compared to the non-paretic side as well asaverage of the healthy subject duringall tasks (p<0.05). In addition, the ECRL showed the highest muscle activity during most of the tasks. All of the non-paretic side musclesfrom stroke patients showed higher muscle activity compared to those of healthy subjects. Conclusions: The current study showed that muscle activities of upper extremity varied between paretic and non-paretic sides of stroke patients during bimanual tasks. Interestingly, the non-paretic side muscle activities were also different from those of normal participants.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.437-442
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• 2013

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of drive-assisting system in a shower carrier on the upper body muscle activities of caregivers through drivability tests. Background: In care facilities, one of the major ADL (Activities of Daily Living) factors is bathing/showering. Recently, bath/shower-assisting equipment is actively being introduced in care facilities to reduce caregivers' muscle burden. In particular, it is desirable to utilize a shower carrier equipped with drive-assisting system to effectively care for the elderly. However, there were few systematic studies on the relationship between muscle activities and drive-assisting speeds. Method: For the drivability tests to study the effects on the muscle activities according to the drive-assisting speeds(corresponding drive-voltages: 0.0V, 2.0V, 2.1V, 2.3V), 6 females in their 40s($43{\pm}4yrs$, $157{\pm}5cm$, and $54.5{\pm}1.5kg$) were selected. To measure muscle activities of caregivers through drivability tests, 7 muscles in the upper body(TM/Trapezius Muscle, DM/Deltoid Muscle, BBM/Biceps Brachii Muscle, TBM/Triceps Brachii Muscle, ECRLM/Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle, FCUM/Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle, and ESM/Erector Spinae Muscle) were selected. Results: In the TM, muscle activities were decreased as 21% compared to 0.0V, when drive-voltage 2.0V was applied, as 57% by 2.1V, and 62% by 2.3V(p<0.05), whereas 40%, 56%, and 69% of muscles activities were decreased respectively from the DM(p<0.05). Also, from the UL(BBM+TBM+ECRLM+FCUM), muscle activities were decreased by 17% with 2.0V as against 0.0V, by 47% with 2.1V, and 52% with 2.3V, whereas decreases in muscle activities from the ESM were found by 20%, 34%, and 42% respectively by 2.0V, 2.1V, and 2.3V(p<0.05). Conclusion: The muscle activities were decreased in the order of the DM, TM, ESM, and UL. As muscle activities were remarkably reduced as drive voltage were increased, it was expected to reduce the upper body muscle burden on the caregivers when using shower carriers equipped with driving-assist system. Applications: The results from this study can be applied for the development of a shower carrier including other equipment to possibly reduce the muscle burden of the caregivers.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the influence of smartphone usage on the upper limb muscles while in stable and unstable positions and during gait. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The study was conducted with 20 right-handed university students between 20 and 27 years of age. Experiments were carried out on students who have used cell phones for more than a year. In this study, experiments were performed with one-handed and two-handed smartphone operations while on stable ground, and the same parameters were measured during smartphone use on unstable ground and during gait. Subjects were instructed to write a text message in Korean on the smartphone for 3 minutes. This was repeated 3 times, with a rest period of 10 seconds given between each 3-minute period. Electromyography was used to record the muscle activity of the upper trapezius, extensor carpi radialis, extensor pollicis longus, and abductor pollicis (AP) during phone operation. Results: The muscle activity value for the right AP in one-handed and the left-AP in two-handed operations was statistically higher than the other muscles in the stable position and during gait (p<0.0001). Also, the right AP in the one- handed operation condition was statistically higher than the two-handed condition (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The use of smartphones while in a stable position resulted in high muscle activity of the right upper limb AP. However, in an unstable position, there were no significant differences from the other muscle activities. Using smartphone while assuming various positions may lead to musculoskeletal disorders in different places.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.393-401
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• 1998

임상학적인 관찰에 따르면, 반복적인 하중에 의하여 뼈/건의 접합부분에 발생하는 부분적인 파손은 병리학적인 변화를 유발시킴으로 인하여 주관절의 상골과염(Epicondylitis)으로 발전시킬 수 있는 주요한 원인으로 간주되고 있다. 반복적인 하중이나 정적인 하중 하에서의 주관절에 위치한 신전건 및 굴곡건의 기계학적인 물성치와 파괴양상은 지금까지 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 상골과염과 직접적인 관계가 되는 신전건 및 굴곡건의 기계학적인 물성치인 파괴강도, 반복하중의 회수와 변형율(Strain)간의 연관관계 및 반복하중에 있어서의 생체조직학적 변화의 향상, 특히 파괴의 진행양상을 관찰하였다. 적용하중의 속도에 따르는 신전건 및 굴곡건의 파괴강도의 통계학적인 차이는 보이지 않고 있으나, 파괴강도에 있어서 신전건은 1199.0 N/$cm^2{\pm}$388.8, 굴곡건 1922.0 N/$cm^2{\pm}$764.4로, 굴곡건이 신전건에 비하여 1.6배 정도 크게 나타났으며, 상호간의 파괴강도에 있어서 통계학적인 차이가 있음을 보여주고 있다.(p<0.05). 조직학적 관찰에 의하면, 반복하중 하에서 뼈/건의 접합부분 특히 Uncalcified Fibrocartilage 부분에서 분리가 시작되었으며, 이는 상골과염을 발생시키는 주요생체조직부분이라는 것을 시사하고 있다.