References
- Berry ET, Giuliani CA, Damiano DL. Intrasession intersession reliability of handheld dynamometry in children with cerebral palsy. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2004;16:191-198. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PEP.0000145932.21460.61
- Bobath B. adult Hemiplegia: Evaluation and treatment. 2nd ed. London, William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd, 1978.
- Bobath B. Motor development, its effect on general development, and application to the treatment of cerebral palsy. Physiotherapy. 1971;57(4):526-532.
- Bohannon RW, Smith MB. Interrater reliability of a modified ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. Phys Ther. 1987;67(2):206-207. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/67.2.206
- Builter C, Darrah J. Effects of neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) for cerebral palsy: An AACPCM evidence report. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2001;43:778-790. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162201001414
- Carmick J. Clinical use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation for children with cerebral palsy. Part 2: Upper extremity. Phys Ther. 1993;73(3):514-522. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/73.8.514
- Carr JH, Shepherd RB, Ada L. Spasticity: Research findings and implications for intervention. Physiotherapy. 1995;8:421-429.
- Chang JJ, Wu TI, Wu WL, et al. Kinematical measure for spastic reaching in children with cerebral pasly. Clini Biomech. 2005;20(8):381-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2004.11.015
- Charette SL, McEvoy L, Pyka G, et al. Muscle hypertrophy response to resistance training in older women. J Appl Physiol. 1991;70(5);1912-1916. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.5.1912
- Chi-Fishman G, Hicks JE, Cintas HM, et al. Ultrasound imaging distinguishes between normal and weak muscle. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85(6):980-986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2003.07.008
- Crompton J, Galea MP, Philips B. Hand-held dynamometry for muscle strength measurement in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007;49:106-111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00106.x
- Daly JJ. Ruff RL. Feasibility of combining multi-channel functional neuromuscular stimulation with weight-supported treadmill traning. J Neurol Sci. 204;255(1-2):105-115.
- Damiano DL, Abel MF. Functional outcomes of strength traning in spastic cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;79(2):119-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(98)90287-8
- Damiano DL, Dodd K, Tylor N. Shold we be testing and training muscle strength in cerebral palsy? Dev Med Child Neurol. 2002;44(1):68-72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162201001682
- Dodd KJ,Taylor NF, Damiano DL. A systematic review of the effectiveness of strength-training programs for people with cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83(8):1157-1164. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2002.34286
- Eagleton M, Iams A, McDowell J, et al. The effects of strength training on gait in adolescents with cerebral palsy. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2004;16(1):22-30. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PEP.0000116781.00415.8E
- Eliasson AC, Forssberg H, Hung YC, et al. Development of hand function and precision grip control in individals with cerebral palsy: A B-Year follow-up study. Pediatrics. 2006;118:1226-1236. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2768
- Hides JA, Cooper DH, Strokes MJ. Diagnostic ultra-sound imaging for measurement of the lumbar multifidus muscle in normal young adults. Physiother Theo Pract. 1992;8:19-26. https://doi.org/10.3109/09593989209108076
- Hislop HJ, Montgomery J. Daniels and Worthingham's muscle testing: Techniques of manual examination. Philadelphia, PA, Saunders, 2007.
- Jebsen RH, Taylor N, Trieschmann RB, et al. An objective and standardized lest of hand function. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1969;50(6):311-319.
- Kerr C, McDowell B, McDonough S. Electrical stimulation in cerebral palsy: A review of effects on strength and motor function. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2004;46(3):205-213.
- Kim BS, Chang CM, Kim YH, et al. Assessment of Hand Function in Normal Korean Children by Jebsen Hand Function Test. J of Korean Acad of Rehab Med. 1987;11:102-106.
- Koc F, Bozdemir H, Koc Z, et al. A case of schizencephaly associated with skeletal deformities and abnormal eye movements. Neurosurg Quart. 2005;15:72-74. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.wnq.0000162223.28137.dd
- Koscielnv R, Physiology of exercises: Strength training and CP. Cerebral palsy magazine, 2004.
- McBurney H, Dodd KJ, Graham HK. A qualitative analysis of the benefits of strength training for young people with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2003;45:658-663.
- Miller F. Cerebral palsy management. In: Physical Therapy of Cerebral palsy, Miller F, ed. Springer press, Wilmington, 2007:110-112.
- Naylor CE, Bower E. Modified constraint-induced movement therapy for young children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: A pilot study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005;47:365-369. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162205000721
- Ohata K, Tsuboyama T, Haruta T, et al. Relation between muscle thickness, spasticity, and activity limitations in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008;50:152-156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.02018.x
- Park ES, Park CI, Lee HJ, et al. The effect of electrical stimulation on the trunk control in young children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. J Korean Med Sci. 2001;16(3):347-350. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2001.16.3.347
- Paul AC, Rosenthal N. Different modes of hypertrophy in skeletal muscle fibers. J Cell Biol. 2002;156:751-760. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200105147
- Postans NJ, Granat MH. Effect of functional electrical stimulation. applied during walking, on gait in spastic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005;47(1):46-52.
- Rankin G, Stokes M, Newham DJ. Size ard share of the posterior neck muscles measured by ultrasound imaging: Normal values in males and females of different ages. Man Ther. 2005;10:108-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2004.08.004
- Renner CI, woldo H, Atanasova R, et al. Change of facilitation during voluntary bilateral hand activation after stroke. J Neurol Sci. 2005;239:25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2005.07.005
- Ross SA, Engsberg JR. Relation between spasticity and strength in individuals with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2002;44(3):148-157. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162201001852
- Senesac C. Inter-rater and Intra-rater Reliability of the Pediatric Actual Amount of Use Test and the Pediatric Wolf Motor Function Test. Columbia, University of South Carolina, Master Thesis, 2007.
- Sutcliffe TL, Gaetz Wc, Logan WJ, et al. Cortical reorganization after modified constraint -induced movement therapy in pediatric hemiplegic cerebral palsy. J Child Neurol. 2007;22(11):1281-1287. https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073807307084
- Taub E, Ramey LS, DeLuca S, et al. Efficacy of constraint-induced movement therapy for children with cerebral palsy with asymmetric motor impairment. Pediatrics. 2004;113(2):305-312. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.2.305
- Trappe S, Godard M, Gallagher P, et al. Resistance training improves single muscle fiber contractile function in older women. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2001;281(2):C398-C406. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.2.C398
- Vaz DV, Fonseca ST, Vieira DS, et al. Muscle stiffness and strength and their relation to hand function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006;48:728-733. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162206001563
- Wallen M, Bundy A, Pont K, et al. Psychometric properties of the pediatric motor activity log used for children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008;51(3):200-208.
- Wallen M, Ziviani J, Herbert R, et al. Modified constraint-induced therapy for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: A feasibility study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007;1:1-10.
- Woldag H, Waldmann G, Knosche TR, et al. Rapidly induced changes in neuromagnetic fields following repetitive hand movements. Euro J Neuml. 2006;13:723-728. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01361.x
- Wright PA, Granat MH. Therapeutic effects of functional electrical stimulation of the upper limb of eight children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2000;42(11):724-727. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162200001341
- You SH, Jang SH, Kim YH, et al. Cortical reorganization induced by virtual reality therapy in a child with hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005;47(9):628-635. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2005.tb01216.x