• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.391-391
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• 2000

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.153-166
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to explore the situations and extension roles for rural elderly welfare program in North Dakota, USA. With a growing older population, aging has become an important issue for extension. Services for rural elderly available in North Dakota were adult day care, home health care, senior insurance counseling, nutrition and medication assistance programs, support groups, legal assistance, meals on wheels, nursing homes and more. With a growing older population, aging has become an important issue for extension. Extension provides programs and services for rural elderly. This study was conducted by literature review. First, many rural elderly Americans are actively engaged in volunteer work and have made substantial contributions to their communities. Second, extension educators from interdisciplinary areas should work together to develop programs. Extension programs can include intergenerational programs to help younger generations learn about the issue. Third, extension can collaborate with other agencies and groups to offer support groups. Offering educational programs is a key to empowering older people. Fourth, elderly residents may be the only increasing natural resource for volunteering in general, and for participation in community improvement in particular. Fifth, extension educators should be proactive in working with agencies to provide social access and in helping older people be actively engaged in their lives, especially in rural areas.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.307-320
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• 2000

Agricultural extension services in Korea need to build new extension system to cope with the digital age and especially with shortage of extension educators which has been originated from the changing status from central to local government. The new trends including development of multi-media, wide-spreading of internet, and advent of internet broadcasting are offering the opportunities for new agricultural extension service. Utilization of agricultural internet broadcasting could be a new alternative for enhancing the efficiency of agricultural extension services. Agricultural internet broadcasting could support decision making of farmers by forwarding unique agricultural data which have been collected, compiled and processed by the Rural Development Administration. Farmers will be able to search useful agricultural data through agricultural internet broadcasting for more efficient farm management and marketing farm products. Agricultural internet broadcasting could utilize more prompt and abundant agricultural technology and management data compiled by the Rural Development Administration, and through this process, agricultural internet broadcasting could compensate the shortage of extension manpower. Through feedback process of agricultural internet broadcasting. farmers will be able to communicate more efficiently with extension educators to increase agricultural production and income. Agricultural Internet broadcasting could be an alternative to prevent farmers from being shunned in the information-based society.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2000

Agricultural extension services in YoungDong county, ChungBuk province have tried and changed many things to overcome difficult situations since localization of extension services in 1997. The county Rural Guidance Office changed the name of the office as county Agricultural Technology & Extension Center (ATEC), and has been operated as a service center for all people who need help in agriculture. The recent efforts of the ATEC have been placed on eco-friendly agriculture and sustainable agriculture for protecting the natural environment of the county as well as production of safe agricultural products. In order to overcame difficult situations under the IMF, the ATEC has tried to find new ways for the extension services because of reduced extension educators under the IMF restructuring. The followings were a few examples of many efforts in various fields to overcome difficult situations in the rural county; 1) The ATEC has supported services to produce safe and high quality agricultural products and to increase their high value through extension services for food processing. 2) The ATEC has opened experimental fields for farmers who want to learn new technologies to cultivate grapes, persimmons, apples and pests etc., specialty fruit trees in the county. 3) The ATEC has implemented many kinds of programs to improve the quality of the extension educators to serve better.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.295-306
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• 2000

The objectives of this paper were to review the difference between the analog and digital age, and to suggest new communication strategies for Agricultural Extension Service Centers in the digital age. Literature review and discussion on the information age and its supporting technologies, such as the Internet and other digital tools, has enabled communication to occur during time periods and in locations based upon individual needs. With increasing number of internet subscribers using email and the world wide web, the internet is now considered a new mass media for communication, and may soon consider such electronic connectivity as essential in agricultural extension services. Communication strategies in the future should recognize and adapt to the changing needs farmers and extension educators in the information age. Utilization of internet technology and digital tools in communication may attract and retain farmers and extension educators in the future, thus. some of new strategies for communication in agricultural extension services should include the following; 1) traditional linear model should be change into interactive model in communication. 2) Agricultural extension service should include creative role with diffusion process. 3) Agricultural extension service should establish new receiver paradigm and form new partnership with farmer.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the structural relationships between adult educators' instructional leadership, learners' motivation and performance among those participants in education for urban-rural migration. The survey was conducted among 22 agricultural educational institutions in South Korea, and a total number of 1,109 learners responded to a questionnaire. In order to verify the hypothesized research model, the collected data were analyzed with structural equation modeling. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, adult educators' instructional leadership had a direct effect and an indirect effect on learners' performance. Second, adult educators' instructional leadership had a direct effect on learners' motivation. Third, learners' motivation had a direct effect on learners' performance.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.299-314
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• 2001

한국의 농촌 지도사업은 농민들이 주곡인 쌀의 자급과 푸른 채소의 주년 공급을 달성할 수 있도록 도왔을 뿐 아니라 4-H 클럽 활동의 지도를 통한 농촌 청소년의 지도와 영농후계세대의 육성 등에도 기여하여 왔다. 1997년 정부는 민주화 지방화의 미명 하에 농촌 지도 교육자의 신분을 지방직으로 전환시켰다. 이러한 지방직 전환은 다양한 문제들, 예컨대 1) 농촌 지도 교육자의 사기와 인원수를 줄여 농촌 지도의 사회교육적 기능을 저하시켰고, 2) 중앙과 지방 농촌 진흥기관의 연계를 약화시켰으며, 3) 농촌지도 교육자의 현직 교육 기회를 축소시켰으며, 또한, 4) 농업 연구와 농촌지도의 연계를 약화시키는 등의 부작용을 야기 시켰다. 흔히 농촌지도 공무원으로 부르는 농촌지도 교육자들은 농업 기술의 전파 보급을 위한 전문직이며 미국 등 선진국에서는 국가가 인정하는 지도 교육자 (extension educator)로 전문직업 능력의 향상을 위한 다양한 노력을 경주하고 있다. 국가 목표인 식량의 지속적 생산, 국가의 균형 발전과 환경 보전은 물론 점증하는 농민들의 요구에 부응하기 위해서 농촌지도 교육자들의 사기를 앙양시키는 것은 중요한 과제이다. 안전하고 질 높은 음식의 지속적 공급을 위해서는 농업 생산자들에게 혁신 농업 기술의 전파 보급이 절대적으로 중요하기 때문에 더 이상 농촌지도사업이 훼손되는 것을 방치해서는 안 될 것이다. 농촌지도 사업의 지속적 발전을 위한 국내의 연구는 물론 아시아 태평양 지역 국가들의 농촌과 국가 발전을 위한 협동적 노력도 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.147-163
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• 1994

Agricultural extension programs in Korea had focused mainly on increased production, and the biggest pride of extension was the achievement of rice self-sufficency in 1970s and abundant vegetable and animal production in 1980s. Farming in Korea has changed rapidly in recent years and extension system on commercialized crops have not been satisfactorily developed to mete farmers` demands. Facing the emerging challenges of international competition and trade liberalization for agricultural commodities, the goals of extension should be focused on increased income and the welfare of coral communities. The transfering of agricultural extension educator from central government jobs to local ones has emerged recently under the trends of localization which resulted unstable job environment of extension educator. Intensive pre-service and in-service training of extension workers on current and advanced techologies are essential to upgrade the quality of extension services, and the future directions for professional development of agricultural extension educators in Korea were suggested as follows: 1. Establishing a national network on agricultural extension system to promote exchanges of information among counties and provinces, to conduct meetings and to publish information on agricultural extension. 2. Determining the implications of recent national and global trends on agricultural extension, and strenthening communication at local, national and international levels for an effective extension system in the era of localization, internationalization and globalization; 3. Recognizing the effect of number and quality of extension staff on the impact of extension and providing opportunities development and advancement of extension personnel through education, training, incentives and rewards; 4. Giving a higher priority to agricultural extension in national policies in order to ensure the adequacy of budgetary support and recognition of importance of extension by the ministries concerned and mass communications.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.121-136
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• 2000

This study reports on a comparison between the Korean diffusion of agricultural innovation or extension service and the cooperative extension service in the United States of America. It focuses on relevant differences between the two systems and provides recommendation for improvement of the Korean system to insure success in important areas related to the diffusion of agricultural innovations. After a comparative study on diffusion of innovations it is clear that: in order to have a productive agriculture that makes effective and efficient use of natural resources and helps achieve sustainability goals, a mechanism that delivers knowledge to agricultural communities must be established and maintained. This mechanism is clearly an agricultural extension service that is cooperatively funded by federal, state and local governments and that insures participation of constituents in the process of establishing priorities and evaluating achievements. The success of US agriculture, the most productive in the world, is to a large degree to the Cooperative Extension Service. Based on the results of this study and the differences of the United States and Korea, the following recommendations should be emphasized for more effective communication for agricultural innovation and rural development in Korea: 1) In order to insure that extension educators are high caliber professional individuals, it is important to establish a system that nationally recognizes these individuals as such, and that provides a professional development path. 2) The results of the decision of transfer of extension educators to local governments has not yielded positive outcomes, especially in terms of professional status. It is clearly demonstrable that valuable professionals are leaving the service, that local governments do not have the will and resources to implement a successful extension program. 3) Because of the critical importance of diffusing innovations to agricultural producers in order to insure and quality and steady food supply, it is of critical importance that these issues be addressed before the extension service is further deteriorated. Given the cement situation, it is clear that the extension service should become nationally supported again in cooperation with local and state governments and that extension professionals be given appropriate rank at the national level, commesurate with their peers in research and teaching. 4) The common current committee practice of lengthy reporting and short discussion needs to be changed to one that results in char, brief and substantive action oriented goals. Joint participation by researchers, extension educators and farmers should be encouraged in planning, implementation and evaluation of communication for agricultural innovations. Roles and functions of committees for institutional cooperation, and or agricultural extension committees should be enlarged. 5) Extension educators should be encouraged to adopt new communication technologies to improve their diffusion of innovations methods. Agricultural institutions and organizations should be encouraged to adopt farmer-first and or client-oriented approach in agricultural extension and diffusion of agricultural technologies. The number, complexity and rapid change of information in agricultural extension require the development of a computer based information and report system to support agricultural extension. 6) To facilitate and expand the further development of communication for agricultural innovation and rural development, agricultural communication programs in universities especially in colleges of agriculture and life sciences. 7) To strengthening the sense of national and social responsibility communication for agricultural innovation and rural development among students in agricultural colleges and universities through participation in learning activities by proactive recruitment. 8) To establish and reinforce a policy that insures participation in communication for agricultural innovation and regal development activities. 9) To improve further development of communication for agricultural innovation and rural development in Korea, more research activities should be encouraged.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were to analyze present status and to suggest for the future upbringing programs for informal environment educator of Environmental NGOs in Korea. Based on the findings from reviewing environmental educators’ certification systems in Environmental NGOs, the following suggestions should be considered for improving the certification systems. 1) Government and environmental NGOs should adopt a certification system by implementing qualifying examination for employing specification of informal environmental educator. 2) Applicants to obtain a certification of informal environmental educator in environmental NGOs should be qualified through standard processes including taking required curriculum and programs. They must be evaluated informal environmental educator’ ability accurately through their portfolio, teaching ability, professional responsibilities and so on. 3) Standardized curriculum and programs should be adopted by government for the initial preparation of environmental educators reflecting the guidelines from the KOSEE (The Korean Society for Environmental Education) and NAAEE (North American Association for Environmental Education) in the future.