• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.18 no.3 s.47
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• pp.1-14
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• 2000

This study was to find out the status of labor division between rural husband and wife by measuring the labor time for tasks, the ratio of relative contribution toward work, and work segregation. Data used in this study were collected fro 424 persons of 212 farm households mainly cultivating rice and barley. The results of this study were as follows : 1) In the case of work directly related to farming, working hours of husband were significantly longer than those of wife during the farming and off-farming season. In contrast working hours of wife for housekeeping were significantly longer than those of husband during both seasons. 2) The ratio of relative contribution toward farming work of husband was a little higher than that of wife during farming and off-farming season. But this toward housekeeping work was less than that of wife. 3) The degree of gender segregation in farming was 0.33 during the farming season and 0.01 during the off-farming season. The kinds of work and time distribution were relatively same. The degree of gender segregation in housekeeping was 0.79 during the farming season and 0.72 during the off-farming season. These values showed inequality of work segregation in the kind of work and time distribution.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 2016

In 2015, stem blight of Rubus crataegifolius was observed in Pohang, Korea. The symptoms began as dark red spots in the stem, which led to stem blight, then leaf blight, and eventually resulted in death. A fungal isolate was obtained from a symptomatic stem and incubated on a potato dextrose agar plate. The isolated fungus produced white, cloudy mycelia turned black in 3 days. Based on the morphological characteristics, the causal fungus was assumed to be Botryosphaeria sp. A pathogenicity test was conducted according to Koch's postulates. To identify the causal agent, the combined sequence of the internal transcribed spacer, ${\beta}$-tubulin, and translation elongation factor $1{\alpha}$ genes were used for phylogenetic analysis. Approximately 1,200 bp of the combined sequence clearly suggested that the isolated pathogen was Botryosphaeria parva. This is the first report on stem blight in R. crataegifolius caused by B. parva in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2017

In September 2013 and 2014, a significant number of kenaf plants showing symptoms of leaf spots with approximately 50% incidence were found in experimental plots in Iksan and Namwon, Korea. Leaf spots were circular to irregular, more or less vein-limited, reaching to 10 mm in diameter. The spots were initially uniformly brown to reddish brown, turning pale brown with a purplish margin and showing grayish patches on the lesion due to heavy fructification. The causative agent of the leaf spot disease was identified as Cercospora malayensis. The pathogenicity test was conducted with similar results, which fulfilled Koch's postulates. This is the first report of C. malayensis infection of kenaf in Korea.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.240-244
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• 2009

High molecular weight(MW), 3-arm star poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) with a narrow MW distribution($M_n$=570,000 g/mol, PDI=1.36) was successfully synthesized by activators regenerated by electron transfer(ARGET) atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP). The polymerization was carried out with a trifunctional initiator/$CuBr_2$/N,N,N',N",N"-pentamethyldiethy lenetriamine(PMDETA) initiator/catalyst system in the presence of a tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate [$Sn(EH)_2$] reducing agent at $90^{\circ}C$. The concentration of the copper catalyst was as low as 30 ppm, and a high initiation efficiency of the initiating sites was obtained. The chain-end functionality of the high MW, 3-arm star PMMA was confirmed by a chain extension experiment with styrene via ARGET ATRP, using the same catalyst system.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2017

The Samurai wasp, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae) is recognized as a solitary parasitoid on eggs of the stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), an economic pest causing severe damage to fruits, in South Korea. The wasp appears to be a potential biological agent of the pest. In addition, T. itoi Ryu and T. nigripedius (Nakagawa) were found to parasitize eggs of Eurydema gebleri Kolenati and Dolycoris baccarum Linnaeus, respectively. Diagnostic characters and photographs are provided for identification, and host records of Korean Trissolcus species are also given.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2001

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) exhibits potent anti-carcinogenic and other biological activities in several animal models. We report here that dietary CLA, chemically synthesized from corn oil, accumulates I silkworm, Bombyx mori, which is used as therapeutic agent for diabetes in Korea and Japan. Mulberry leaves treated with 0.1 or 10% CLA in ethanol were supplied to silkworms from the end of 3rd instar to the 3rd day of the 5th instar. Fresh mulberry leaves or leaves treated with 10% corn oil in ethanol were fed as a check treatment. the amount of total lipids in the larval body ranged from 17.4 to 19.1mg/g of body tissue, which was not significantly affected by the source of the diets. No CLA was found in the control silkworms. But the level of CLA significantly increased to 83.5 mg/g of fat, when fed with mulberry leaves treated with 10% CLA. Only trace amounts of CLA were detected in the larvae reared with check leaves and 0.1% CLA-treated leaves. Mulberry leaves treatd with corn oil or CLA were not palatable to the larvae, resulting in a reduction of larval weight. These results suggest that silkworms containing CLA in body lipids could be producted by dietary CLA.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.345-347
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• 1999

A scab disease on eggplant (Solanum melongena L. cv. Chukyang) in plastic film houses around Kimhae area in Korea during the winter season of 0998-1999. The disease started on leaves with small dark brown spots which were gradually expanded to 1 to 3 mm diameter lesions. Later, the central parts of the lesions became collapsed and detached to make holes. Dark brown mold was grown out of the lesions on the lower side of leaf. Numerous conidia were produced on the lower side of leaf. Numerous conidia were produced on the diseased leaves and appeared to be readily dispersed in the air. A fungus was isolated from the diseased leaves, and tested for Koch's postulates to prove the causal agent of the desease. The isolated fungus grew on potato dextrose agar, forming greenish black to pale brown colonies. Conidia were ellipsoidal, fusiform or subspherical, mostly one-celled but occasionally septated, and formed in long branched chains on the erected conidiophores which were pale olevaceous brown and variable in length between 12.4 and $393.4\mu\textrm{g}$. The fungus was identified as Cladosporium cucumerinum Ellis Arthur based on the above morphological characteristics examined. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and conidial formation was about 20 to $25^{\circ}$. In addition to cucumber, the fungus was also pathogenic to watermelon, pumpkin and oriental melon. This is the first report on the scab disease of eggplant in Korea.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.255-260
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• 2016

This research was conducted to improve the cold tolerance of the gerbera cv. Gold Eye by introduction of the Arabidopsis $Ca^{2+}/H^+$ antiporter gene (CAX1) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Prior to genetic transformation, we optimized a combination of plant growth regulators; $1.0mgl^{-1}$ 6-Benzyladenine (BA) and $0.1mgl^{-1}$3-indole-acetic acid (IAA) were found to lead to proper in vitro shoot regeneration from petiole explants. In addition, $50mgl^{-1}$ kanamycin was determined to be the minimal concentration useful for selection of putative transgenic plants. In this study, transgenic gerbera expressing the Arabidopsis $Ca^{2+}/H^+$ antiporter gene (CAX1) were obtained using the optimized concentrations. We expect that introduction of the gene to the cultivar will improve cold tolerance, which will be important in the winter months.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.38-41
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• 2015

Pyogenic liver abscess with metastatic septic complications is a rare and serious infectious disease if not treated properly. Pyogenic liver abscesses are caused by bacterial, fungal, or parasitic organisms. Escherichia coli used to be the predominant causative agent, but Klebsiella pneumoniae emerged as a major cause in the 1990s. Liver abscesses are caused by hepatic invasion via many routes, such as, the biliary tree, portal vein, hepatic artery, direct extension, or penetrating trauma. Furthermore, diabetes mellitus and malignant conditions are established important risk factors of K. pneumoniae liver abscesses and of septic metastasis, and several recent studies have asserted that K. pneumoniae liver abscess might be a presentation of occult or silent colon cancer. We report a case of K. pneumoniae liver abscess, metastatic septic pulmonary embolism, and endophthalmitis associated with diabetes and advanced gastric cancer.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.41-58
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• 2002

This paper is to show the meaningfulness of applying Information Technology Architecture (ITA) to the modeling of a nation-wide e-Business architecture framework. After reviewing various architecture frameworks we suggested a unique architecture framework called VMT (Views, Models, and Time-frames). VMT represents five views of e-Business stakeholders; six models of data, function, network, agent, event, and rule; and three timeframes of short-term, mid-term, and long-term. VMT is an extension and unification of popular frameworks including Zachman's framework that has international recognition and use, C4ISR architecture framework of US DoD's, and Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF) of the US Federal Government's.