• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2010

The airborne LiDAR which was introduced in the early 2000's provides the point data. The new methods for the verification of LiDAR materials with high accuracy which is different from the existing airborne survey are needed. In accordance with the rules of airborne laser survey which were enacted in 2009, the verifications by three methods of Unmeasured Rate and point accuracy, point density have been executed, and Unmeasured Rate is to evaluate the rate for the presence of points within uniform grids except non-reflective areas such as watershed areas. For the calculation of Unmeasured Rate, non-reflective areas should be removed by all means, and in case of normal LiDAR materials, as there are scant points for watershed areas, watershed areas should be divided by additional spatial information. So, in this study, the watershed areas were extracted using domain extension technique from the high resolution CIR images of 0.3m grade. In addition, in order to compare the accuracy of Unmeasured Rate calculated, the comparative analysis of the Unmeasured Rate calculated by digital maps has been done. In conclusion, we found that 1I1e accuracy of Unmeasured Rate extracted by domain extension technique is similar to the value extracted by digitizing technique.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2015

This study was carried out to develop a fermented juice using persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb) and lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi, Lactobacillus buchneri BK-1, Pediococcus inopinatus BK-3 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides M-17. The total acidity value was 0.75% and viable cell number reached $1.9{\times}10^8CFU/mL$ when the persimmon and water solution was diluted by 1:3 (w/v) added with rice-syrup ($15^{\circ}Brix$) that was fermented by Lactobacillus buchneri BK-1 for 7 days. Additional levels of rice-syrup increased the total acidity of fermented juice, and the overall acceptability was the highest (4.1 point) for fermented persimmon juice added with rice-syrup $10^{\circ}Brix$. L. buchneri BK-1 and Pediococcus inopinatus BK-3 were selected to ferment the persimmon juice because there total acidity values were 0.83% and 0.80%, respectively, and the final cell concentrations, $5.1{\times}10^8$ and $2.7{\times}10^8CFU/mL$, were more than other treatment, respectively. The total acidity value of persimmon at day 3 of fermented broth were significantly higher than that of day 7 of fermented broth, and the number of viable cell declined from $8.2{\times}10^8$ to $4.3{\times}10^8CFU/mL$. In these results, the suitable period for fermentation was 4~5 days owing to the sourness being strong during fermentation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.6_2
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• pp.643-651
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• 2012

Object recognition belongs to high-level processing that is one of the difficult and challenging tasks in computer vision. Digital photogrammetry based on the computer vision paradigm has begun to emerge in the middle of 1980s. However, the ultimate goal of digital photogrammetry - intelligent and autonomous processing of surface reconstruction - is not achieved yet. Object recognition requires a robust shape description about objects. However, most of the shape descriptors aim to apply 2D space for image data. Therefore, such descriptors have to be extended to deal with 3D data such as LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging) data obtained from ALS(Airborne Laser Scanner) system. This paper introduces extension of chain code to 3D object space with hierarchical approach for segmenting point cloud data. The experiment demonstrates effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method for shape description and point cloud data segmentation. Geometric characteristics of various roof types are well described that will be eventually base for the object modeling. Segmentation accuracy of the simulated data was evaluated by measuring coordinates of the corners on the segmented patch boundaries. The overall RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) is equivalent to the average distance between points, i.e., GSD(Ground Sampling Distance).

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.23-37
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• 2002

This study examined the muscle recruitment order during extension of the hip joint in normal subjects, and evaluated whether the external support obtained from wearing a lumbosacral corset had an effect on muscle recruitment leading to increased lumbar stability. The subjects were 40 normal adults (32 male, 8 female) with no history of low back pain and no pathological findings in the nervous or musculoskeletal systems. All subjects extended their hip joints under 3 positions (prone, sidelying, standing). During extension, the onsets of contraction of the rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, and semitendinosus muscles were measured. Electromyographic activity was measured using a surface electrode, and the muscle contraction onset time was designated as the point exceeding a threshold of 25 ms, using a mean plus twice of the standard deviation. To compare the average order of muscle contraction onset time, a Freedman two-way analysis of variance by ranks was used. The relative difference between muscle contraction onset time wearing and not wearing a lumbosacral corset was measured using a paired t-test. A difference in the average muscle contraction onset order for the rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, and semitendinosus muscles was observed (p<.05) among three positions. However, wearing a lumbosacral corset did not. change the contraction order. In addition, wearing a lumbosacral corset produced a significant difference (p<.05) in the relative onset time between the rectus abdominis and gluteus maximus in the standing position, but no difference was observed for the other muscles or positions. In the future, patients suffering from low back pain should be compared with normal subjects to determine the effectiveness of a lumbosacral corset in changing muscle recruitment order.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 1999

Background and Purpose. Objective measurements of hamstring muscle length are needed to quantify baseline limitations and to document the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. Several indirect clinical tests for measuring hamstring muscle length are available, but influence of their test procedure is not well documented. The purpose of this study were 1) to describe hamstring muscle length as reflected by use of six tests(active straight leg raising(ASLR), passive straight leg raising(PSLR), passive straight leg raising with the lower back flat(PSLRB), active knee extension(AKE), passive knee extension(PKE), hip joint angle(HJA). 2) to examine the correlation among the tests. Subjects, Sixty subjects(30 men. 30 women) ranging in age from 18 to 25 years(mean 20.2 years) and with no limitation hamstring flexibility and no neurological and orthopedical problems. Methods. All subjects performed six tests. A inclinometer was used to determine the end point of range of motion. HJA was measured using an inclinometer placed over the sacrum. PSLRB were tested PSLR with the low back flat and the opposite thigh slightly flexed and support on pillows. Results, A mean ASLR value of 85.9 degrees, PSLR value of 99.9 degrees, PSLRB value of 109.8 degrees, AKE value of 77.2 degrees PKE value of 83.1 degrees and HJA value of 73.0 degrees were obtained for all subjects. A dependent t-test showed significant difference between the angles of ASLR and PSLR(p<0.001). There was a significant difference between the angles of PSLR and PSLRB(p<0.001). There was a significant difference between the angles of AKE and PKE(p<0.001). The highest correlation was between PSLR and PSLRB(r=0.915, p<0.001). All SLR tests were significants related(p<0.001), as well as AKE and PKE(p<0.001). The lowest correlation was between PKE and HJA(r=0.171. p>0.05). Conclusion and Discussion. The results indicated that the hip flexion angles for ASLR, PSLR and PSLRB were a difference, and the knee extension angles for AKE and PKE were a difference.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.128-135
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the compositional elements of plan of art museums by selecting architectural works, which have strong symbolic meaning when evaluating value, from architectural works by Louis Kahn. First, the centrality of artworks, which are being displayed at the Yale Art Gallery, is complex. It includes three patterns of Void (spatial) Centrality+Symbolic Centrality+Functional Centrality among the five patterns suggested in this study. Second, the ratio system of interior space, which is expressed in the extension of the Yale Art Gallery, can be classified into the floor and walls. The floor used the square 1:1 ratio system. The ceiling used the grid patterns of equilateral triangles (regular tetrahedrons). It was applying a geometric ratio system when creating forms by using one side as a beam and the other sides as decorations of the ceiling. Third, the contours of interior space, which were expressed in Kahn's works, used the method of forming separate space according to the contouring rule (structural unit) defined by columns, and they were used in constructing the entire space through the integration of separate spaces. Fourth, according to the characteristics that were expressed by artworks displayed within the Yale Art Gallery Extension, the concept of accessibility was not as clear as that of residential buildings, because an approach of respecting existing architecture and context was used, rather than the starting point of interior space, or differentiated circulation, which has the function of a determined position.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1107-1116
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• 2001

In this paper, we study the rationality of the Reidemeister zeta function of an endomorphism of a group extension. As an application, we give sufficient conditions for the rationality of the Reidemeister and the Nielsen zeta functions of selfmaps on an exponential solvmanifold or an infra-nilmanifold or the coset space of a compact connected Lie group by a finite subgroup.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.269-274
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• 2010

After introducing many different types of prefilter convergence, we introduce an universal method to define various notions of compactness using cluster point and convergence of a prefilter and to prove the Tychonoff theorem using characterizations of ultra(maximal) prefilters.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.28 no.1_2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2010

An iterative algorithm was been studied which can be viewed as an extension of the previously known algorithms for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings. Subsequently, we study the convergence problem of the proposed iterative algorithm for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings under some mild conditions in Banach spaces.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.289-294
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• 1996

The double Gamma function had been defined and studied by Barnes [4], [5], [6] and others in about 1900, not appearing in the tables of the most well-known special functions, cited in the exercise by Whittaker and Waston [25, pp. 264]. Recently this function has been revived according to the study of determinants of Laplacians [8], [11], [15], [16], [19], [20], [22] and [24]. Shintani [21] also uses this function to prove the classical Kronecker limit formula. Its p-adic analytic extension appeared in a formula of Casson Nogues [7] for the p-adic L-functions at the point 0.