• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2021.11a
• /
• pp.234-235
• /
• 2021

We set the representative balcony types of the existed building to two types: unexpanded balcony and extended balcony, and analyze the effect of reducing the cooling and heating energy load when applying remodeling. The scope of the study was limited to balcony walls, including window-wall junctions, and was conducted by comparing cases with and without thermal break insulation structures for a clear conclusion. The study was conducted using the equivalent U-value in each case. The equivalent U-value was calculated by deriving through 2 dimensional steady-state heat transfer analysis of each case balcony envelope. And building energy was calculated using the derived equivalent U-value. According to the calculation results, for unexpanded balconies, the equivalent U-value was reduced by about 80%, and the heating and cooling load was reduced by about 20%. In the case of extended balconies, the equivalent U-value was reduced by about 57% and the resulting heating and cooling load was reduced by about 12%.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.spc
• /
• pp.17-20
• /
• 2011

Plant biomass is a huge carbon-complex that has potential as a nutrient. Therefore we extracted and separated useful materials for plant growth from tea leaf and stem. The pre-treatment process including high temperature ($200^{\circ}C$) and pressure (20-40 kgf/$cm^2$) was treated for several minutes and extracted at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30-60 minutes. After that the chemical compositions and ingredients were analyzed from that plant-nutrient. As a result of mineral contents, calcium and magnesium concentrations are higher than other minerals. Also the result of carbohydrates analyses has shown that the sugar oligomer consists of xylose(95.3%) and glucose(4.7%), and the sugar monomer consists in the order of xylose (52.7%) > manose (22.8%) > arabinose (10.8%) > galactose (10.2%) > glucose (3.5%). Before applied to field, in vitro plant growth system and formulation were examined. To evaluate the effect of the nutrients, both strawberry green-house and persimmon fields were used in this test. The treated persimmons were heavier than controls scored at 13-22%. In addition, the storage-period was extended in the treated strawberries. Interestingly in the treated strawberry, the contents of polyphenols were increased (38-57%). These results suggest that the plant-nutrient can afford to help for plant growth and storage, and it can be substituted for other commercial nutrients. In conclusion, this plant-nutrient may help to extend eco-friendly or organic farming in Hadong-gun area.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.435-447
• /
• 2013

This study aims to propose basic data for improvements that can actively respond to climate change in the Green Building Certifications that came into effect in March 2013, including the analysis of evaluation criteria and applications. In response to climate change, Green Building Certifications in developed countries such as BREEAM(UK), LEED(USA), DGNB(Germany), and CASBEE(Japan), have been extended to the neighborhood unit or city levels, i.e., BREEAM Communities, LEED Neighborhood Development, DGNB Stadtquartiere, CASBEE Urban Development. On the other hand, for the Green Building Certifications in Korea, some criteria such as indoor environment and energy have been given more emphasis than others such as external environment(land use, traffic, ecological environment). In addition, results from the analysis of the evaluation scores on the external environment of 79 housing complexes show that the score on the indoor environment and energy determines the evaluation grade, whereas the score on the external environment is less weighted and has less impact. Therefore, the new evaluation system for the Green Building Certifications responding to climate change should be extended from building level to urban district levels.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.12-15
• /
• 2002

Green tea extract(GTE) was added to pall bread, prepared by the straight-dough method, and its effects on shelf-life(moisture, pH, titratable acidity, antimicrobial activity) and sensory quality of pan bread were evaluated. The results of those characteristics for staling indicated that quality of pan bread was significantly extended by addition of GTE. Growth of microorganisms was significantly inhibited by adding GTE to pan bread, and sensory quality on pan bread added GTE was no significant differ in color, flavour, hardness, chewiness and overall-quality than that of control group(0% GTE). These results suggest that the shelf- life of pan bread was extended by GTE.

• Korean small business review
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.59-87
• /
• 2017

There is growing concern of the international community for the environmental issues including climate change. Scholars have examined various issues regrading Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) but they mainly have focused on why firms introduce and implement GSCM from the persecutive of manufacturers. In particular, there has been few studies of green supply chain management in Korea. We investigate the effects of long-term relationships on green supply chain management and the relationship between GSCM and environmental performance. We also examine the relationship between long-term relationships and green information sharing, the effects of green information sharing on the GSCM. The data for this study were collected through a questionnaire survey on firms that participated in the Green Partnership Program of Korea Institute of Industrial Technology. Based on the responses of 155 firms the research model is empirically tested through a structural equation model. We found that long-term relationships facilitate GSCM significantly as it was expected. Green purchase and green product design also appears to improve environmental performance. Long-term relationship appears to affect positively green information sharing. Green information sharing does not have a statistically significant effect on environmental performance but show positive effect on GSCM including green purchase and green product design.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.165-172
• /
• 2000

To investigate the defensive effect of green tea against the lead toxicity, Sprague-Dewley rats (150 gm) were divided into 5 groups; the control group, the group treated with lead for 4 weeks (Group A-1), the group treated with lead and green tea for 4 weeks (Group A-2), the group treated with lead for 8 weeks (Group B-1), and the group treated with lead and green tea for 8 weeks (Group B-2). The lead acetate (500 ppm) was injected two times for one week into the abdomen and green tea solution (3 g/100 ml distilled water) offered freely. In the liver cell, The cristae of mitochondria were enlarged, the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) extended and many lysosome observed on the Group A- 1. The cristae of mitochondria were enlarged and many lysosome observed, but nucleus was normal on the Croup A-2. All of observed parts on the Group B-1 deeply wounded by lead than the group A-1. In the Group B-2, the mitochondria and rER were increased in number than the Group B-1 and the nucleus was observed normally.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.413-417
• /
• 2003

To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of green tea against putrefactive microorganism in steamed bread, antibacterial activity of green tea extract against well-known strains of spoilage bacteria (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus pulmilus KCTC 3348 and Bacillus cereus IFO 12113) and mold (Aspergillus niger KCCM l1239) in bread was determined using the paper disk method. The green tea extract (GTE) showed the inhibition effects on the growth of all the strains of bacteria and mold at 1, 2, 3% levels. The activity of GTE was stable in the wide range of pH (4~9) and temperature (50~20$0^{\circ}C$). When green tea powder (GTP: 1, 3, 5%) was added to steamed bread increase of total bacterial and mold counts declined during storage at 25"C as the levels of GTP increased. By addition of 5% GTP, mold appeared 1 day late extending shelf life of steamed bread compared to control bread without GTP. Therefore, the levels of GTP added to steamed bread could be more than 5% for extended shelf life and wholesomeness of steamed bread.read.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.253-261
• /
• 2021

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is one of the most widely adopted silicon-based organic polymeric elastomers. Elastomeric nanostructures are normally required to accomplish an explicit mechanical role and correspondingly their mechanical properties are crucial to affect device and material performance. Despite its wide application, the mechanical properties of PDMS are yet fully understood. In particular, the time dependent mechanical response of PDMS has not been fully elucidated. Here, utilizing state-of-the-art PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping (PFQNM) together with Force Volume (FV) and Fast Force Volume (FFV), the elastic moduli of PDMS samples were assessed in a time-dependent fashion. Specifically, the acquisition frequency was discretely changed four orders of magnitude from 0.1 Hz up to 2 kHz. Careful calibrations were done. Force data were fitted with a linearized DMT contact mechanics model considering surface adhesion force. Increased Young's modulus was discovered with increasing acquisition frequency. It was measured 878 ± 274 kPa at 0.1 Hz and increased to 4586 ± 758 kPa at 2 kHz. The robust local probing of mechanical measurement as well as unprecedented high-resolution topography imaging open new avenues for quantitative nanomechanical mapping of soft polymers, and can be extended to soft biological systems.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2011.02a
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2011

Consumers demand an increasing variety of requirements for the residential space as the quality of life improves. However, many apartment buildings with the bearing wall structure cannot meet such demands in Korea. A lot of construction resources are squandered and wastes are created as this type of residential buildings is reconstructed. The life of apartment buildings needs to be extended on the basis of easy remodeling of internal space in order to overcome the limits of the bearing wall structure. This research project aims to propose the Rahmen composite frame concept for the long life of apartment buildings. The Rahmen composite frame is expected to have better structural performance, constructability and economic feasibility than the bearing wall structure.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.421-427
• /
• 2020

In this study, the two-dimensional generalized finite integral transform(FIT) approach was extended for new accurate thermal buckling analysis of fully clamped orthotropic thin plates. Clamped-clamped beam functions, which can automatically satisfy boundary conditions of the plate and orthogonality as an integral kernel to construct generalized integral transform pairs, are adopted. Through performing the transformation, the governing thermal buckling equation can be directly changed into solving linear algebraic equations, which reduces the complexity of the encountered mathematical problems and provides a more efficient solution. The obtained analytical thermal buckling solutions, including critical temperatures and mode shapes, match well with the finite element method (FEM) results, which verifies the precision and validity of the employed approach.