• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.50
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• pp.1-22
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• 2018

This study investigated realism sceneries shown in animation movies of auteurism. Although animation has properties of mechanical images arranged by short cuts, it essentially starts with the images dealing with space art based on the consciousness of an author. In this aspect, sceneries of animation movies can be the most proper subject for study from the viewpoint of image. Generally, sceneries of animation movies maintain the neutral position as a stage setting for story. However, as for auteurism animation, the sceneries have subjective meaning as major media to express the work or the vision and value of the author on the world. The representative animation movies that reflect the role and meaning of realism sceneries among auteurism animations are and . The former shows Korean sceneries and the latter presents local sceneries of Japan quite well. Reviewing the characteristics of sceneries shown in two movies, the sceneries of are the discovery of internal consciousness of the author that signifies pure innocence of childhood into the voice of nature through the style of the author. Meanwhile, sceneries of adopted nature landscape surrealistically based on the internal consciousness of the author and described the forest as the absolute utopia of the author. As such, the sceneries shown in two movies were utilized as the "framework of thought" of the authors that intensify the viewpoint of the movies on the world through empirical interpretation and detailed description of neutral landscape based on internal consciousness of the authors.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.157-173
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• 2008

Cultural welfare is the cultural activity provided and supported by state, a local autonomous entity, and private organizations to improve the quality of people's life. And as a basic concept as well as a premise of discussion on cultural welfare, cultural right is a social right, a right which can make cultural express, gain access to cultural activities. A statue concerning cultural activities contributed to the promotion of our people's cultural welfare interwoven with cultural right. But laws were made for the purpose of enforcing national policy and supporting regime rather than promoting fundamental human rights, and they became effective and were understood as a mere part of national government, not as perspective of their execution, security of right or realization of them. On the other hand, based on laws concerning social welfare, cultural life means human life consisting of minimum welfare system, and minimum level of life which guarantees least cultural life is becoming an objective standard. This means the standard level of cultural right, and for the handicapped cultural rights are concretely guaranteed as a right in that they will not be discriminated for their approaching to cultural activities. However, laws concerning cultural activities have limitation in that there are ambiguous concept and limitation of cultural life, and there are no concrete and active laws about cultural rights to guarantee cultural life. In a constitution and laws concerning social welfare, cultural welfare must have concrete contents about the range and the level of cultural rights. In order cultural rights to be turned into complete ones which can assert its rights, as seen in the Supreme Court, a court has to try to understand the violation of cultural rights as the violation of legal rights.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.401-417
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• 2020

As an increasing demand for rapid railway transportation, the construction of sidetrack is inevitable to operate local and express trains simultaneously. However, the current technologies for the sidetrack construction method require a long construction period by interrupting the operation of the existing subway line, as well as cause a huge economic loss. Thus, it is necessary to study the sidetrack construction method under the special situation that the subway is in operation and to analyze the risk of the existing tunnel enlargement process for the sidetrack construction. Therefore, in this paper, the Government Complex Gwacheon station on Subway Line 4 was considered as a target station for the virtual sidetrack construction and the optimal sidetrack construction plan was derived. Subsequently, the application of risk management process was carried out in the order of identifying risk, risk response planning, performing a risk analysis, risk monitoring and control for potential risk events during the construction of sidetrack under the subway operation. A total of eight potential risk events and risk mitigation methods were selected, and a risk assessment matrix was established using the five-step risk probability and impact level criteria to perform the risk assessment including residual risks. Based on the results of the risk assessment, the risk grade and the reduction effect of each risk mitigation method were confirmed.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.92-103
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• 2003

Great many advertisements are serviced in on-line by development of electronic commerce and internet user's rapid increase recently. However, this advertisement service is stopping in one-side service of relevant advertisement rather than doing users' inclination analysis to basis. Therefore, want advertisement service that many websites are personalized for efficient service of relevant advertisement and service through relevant server's log analysis research and enforce. Take advantage of log data of local system that this treatise is not analysis of server log data and analyze user's Preference degree and inclination. Also, try to propose advertisement system personalized by making relevant site tributary category and give weight of relevant tributary. User's preference user preference which analysis is one part of cooperation fielder ring of web personalized techniques use information in visit site tributary and suppose internet user's action in visit number of times of relevant site and try inclination analysis of mixing form. Express user's preference degree by vector, and inclination analysis result uninterrupted data that simplicity application form is not regarded and techniques that propose inclination analysis change of data since with move data use and analyze newly and proposed so that can do continuous renewal and application as feedback Sikkim. Presented method that can choose advertisements of relevant tributary through this result and provide personalized advertisement service by applying process such as user inclination analysis in advertisement chosen.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2007

P2X receptors are membrane-bound ion channels that conduct $Na^+,\;K^+$, and $Ca^{2+}$ in response to ATP and its analogs. There are seven subunits identified so far ($P2X_1-P2X_7$). $P2X_2$ receptors are known to be expressed in a wide range of organs including brains and adrenal grands. PC12 cells are originated from adrenal grand and differentiated by nerve growth factor or pituitary adenylate cyclase activating poly peptide (PACAP). Previous studies indicate that $P2X_2$ receptor activation in PC12 cells couples to $Ca^{2+}-dependent$ release of catecholamine and ATP. It is known that acidic pH potentiates ATP currents at $P2X_2$ receptors. This leads to a hypothesis that $P2X_2$ receptors may play an important role in PC12 cell differentiation, one of the characteristics of which is neurite outgrowth, induced by the hormones under lower pH. In the present study, we isolated several clones which potentiate neurite outgrowth by PACAP in acidic pH (6.8), but not in alkaline pH (7.6). RT-PCR and electrophysiology data indicate that these clones express only functional $P2X_2$ receptors in the absence or presence of PACAP for 3 days. Potentiation of neurite outgrowth resulted from PACAP (100 nM) in acidic pH is inhibited by the two P2X receptor antagonists, suramin and PPADS ($100\;{\mu}M)$ each), and exogenous exprerssion of ATP-binding mutant $P2X_2$ receptor subunit ($P2X_2[K69A]$). However, acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) are not involved in PACAP-induced neurite outgrowth potentiation in lower pH since treatments of an inhibitor of ASICs, amyloride ($10\;{\mu}M$), did not give any effects to neurite extension. The vesicular proton pump ($H^+-ATPase$) inhibitor, bafilomycin (100 nM), reduced neurite extension indicating that ATP release resulted from $P2X_2$ receptor activation in PC12 cells is needed for neurite outgrowth. These were confirmed by activation of mitogen activated protein kinases, such as ERKs and p38. These results suggest roles of ATP and $P2X_2$ receptors in hormone-induced cell differentiation or neuronal synaptogenesis in local acidic environments.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.195-203
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• 2010

This paper concerns about total dynamic analysis of integrated mining system. This system consists of vertical steel pipe, intermediate buffer station, flexible pipe and self-propelled miner. The self-propelled miner and buffer are assumed as rigid-body of 6-dof. Discrete models of vertical steel pipe and flexible pipe are adopted, which are obtained by means of lumped-parameter method. The motion of mining vessel is not considered. Instead, the motion of mining vessel is taken into account in form of various boundary conditions (e.g. forced excitation in slow motion and/or fast oscillation and so on). A terramechanics model of extremely cohesive soft soil is applied to the self-propelled miner. Hinged and ball constraints are used to define the connections between sub-systems (vertical steel pipe, buffer, flexible pipe, self-propelled miner). Equations of motion of the coupled model are derived with respect to the each local coordinates system. Four Euler parameters are used to express the orientations of the sub-systems. To solve the equations of motion of the total dynamic model, an incremental-iterative formulation is employed. Newmark-${\beta}$ method is used for time-domain integration. The total dynamic responses of integrated mining system are investigated.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2019

A bond-based peridynamic model has been reported dynamic fracture characteristic of brittle materials through a simple constitutive model. In the model, each bond is assumed to be a simple spring operating independently. As a result, this simple bond interaction modeling restricts the material behavior having a fixed Poisson's ratio of 1/4 and not being capable of expressing shear deformation. We consider a state-based peridynamics as a generalized peridynamic model. Constitutive models in the state-based peridynamics are corresponding to those in continuum theory. In state-based peridynamics, thus, the response of a material particle depends collectively on deformation of all bonds connected to other particles. So, a state-based peridynamic theory can represent the volume and shear changes of the material. In this paper, the perfect plasticity is considered to express plastic deformation of material by the state-based peridynamic constitutive model with perfect plastic flow rule. The elastic-plastic behavior of the material is verified through the stress-strain curves of the flat plate example. Furthermore, we simulate the high-speed impact on 3D granite model with a nonlocal contact modeling. It is observed that the damage patterns obtained by peridynamics are similar to experimental observations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.261-272
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• 2022

During the China's long history, many ethnic groups have developed their own traditions of local music which is an important part of their precious cultures. Meanwhile, each ethnic group developed its own worldview and music culture according to its unique living environment, special lifestyle and mode of production. The clarinet is a Western instrument, and has been influenced to some extent by Chinese minority culture while being introduced to China. Therefore, musicians tried to find ways of using Western musical instruments to express various elements of Chinese minority music. Focusing on two clarinet works 'The Song of Grazing Horses' by Wang Yan and 'The Sound of Pamir Clarinet Concerto' by Hu Bijing, this paper aims to analyze the musical characteristics of minority groups expressed by the clarinet in two aspects: the formation of the music style, the artistic characteristics conveyed through the works. Specifically, it consists of five parts: ethnic mode and tonality, rhythm, time signature, melody making, and imitation of animals. It also analyzes the cultural characteristics of Tajik and Mongolian music reflected in the two works in combination with living environment, mode of production, life style, and ethnic emotions. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for composers and performers who want to understand and acquire the musical style of modern Chinese clarinet works. It also helps to find a better way to play traditional Chinese music with Western instruments.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4D
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• pp.565-571
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• 2006

This study aimed to analyze access mode choice behavior for KTX Passengers. To fulfill the aims of this study, Dong-Daegu Station was selected as a station for a case study. This study takes place in two stages. These are (i) descriptive statistical analysis of transportation status before and after introduction of the KTX, (ii) empirical model estimation for analyzing access mode choice behavior. This study makes use of the data from travel survey from Daegu metropolitan area. The main part of the survey was carried out in the KTX Dong-Daegu station. The data was collected from a sample of 1,800 individuals. The survey data includes the information on travel from Dong-Daegu station to Seoul. From descriptive statistical analysis of transportation status before and after introduction of the KTX, it is found that revealed demand of the KTX is lower than that expected. Moreover, it is found that the low demand of the KTX stems from high cost for the KTX itself and inconvenience( including travel time and cost) of access mode. In order to analyze mode choice behavior for accessing Dong-Daegu station, multinomial logit model structure is used. For the model specification, a variety of behavioral assumptions about the factors which affect the access mode choice, were considered. From the empirical model estimation, it si found that access travel time and access travel cost are significant in choosing access mode. Given the empirical evidence, we see that improvement of access transportation system for Dong-Daegu station is very important for enhancing the use of KTX.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.115-134
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• 1997

We now live in the new era of globalization which implies the functional integration or increase of inter-dependency between internationally dispersed economic activities. As globalization impacts our various activities and daily lives, social sciences, including, geography, attempt to approach social phenomena from a global perspective. From this point of view. new regional geography, which has been articulated in recent social theory since the 1980s, also must adjust to these new world realities. This paper aims to search for a suitable methodology or approach to area study or regional geography in the era of globalization and to suggest the field of area study that Korean geographers should be concerned with in the future. This paper has reviewed the existing various methodologies of regional geography such as the ecological approach, the landscape approach. the areal differentiation approach, the system approach, the structuration theory, the spatial division of labour, and the world-system, which have deviced in the traditional and new regional geography. Peter Taylor's regional geography of world systems among them has an appropriate rationale of area study in the globalization era, because world-systems theory explains well globalization. However the regional geography of world-systems must be revised to become more suitable to the area-study approach in the globalization era. Firstly, the regional geography of world-systems explains that regions(historical regions) are made by general mechanisms of the capitalist world-economy that operate through social, economic, and political agents within regions such as individuals, households, social classes, economic enterprises, states, political movements, and many other organizations. But these mechanisms can also act through other regional agents of geographical location, natural conditions, and cultural characteristics. Therefore, the generating process of regions needs to be explained by locational, natural, and cultural elements in addition to social, economic, and political elements within regions. Secondly, Taylor's world-systems approach does not express composite characteristics of regions, because it focuses on the economic characteristics or position of regions within the world-economy. Regions incorporated into world-economy systems are not only changed economically, but also changed spatially, socially, culturally, and politically. Hence the world-systems approach must try to analyze these composite characteristics and their change of regions. Thirdly, The world-system approach proposed that the geography of regions within world-systems could be divided and analyzed as three regional types at the geographical scale such as international regions, state regions, and intra-state regions. However such a regionalization is usually not identified distinctly, because the geographical range of regions in world-systems shaped by economic boundaries of the general mechanisms of the world-economy is fluid and also occasionally overlaps with other political regions. Hence I propose that the world-systems approach should choose political boundaries of states and local autonomies in addition to economic boundaries for objective regionalization and systematic areal study. The revised regional geography of world-systems that I have suggested in this paper can be more effectively and properly applied to regional geography or area study in the globalization era. Globalization intensifies competition between states and also between local autonomies in the world. Therefore we must make efforts to study such areas or regions through the revised regional geography of world-system.