• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.17-33
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate knowledge and attitudes of students majoring in health-related fields toward automated external defibrillator (AED) and to identify the influencing factors of knowledge and attitudes in AED use among the students. Methods: Data were collected from 346 students and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, post hoc $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis, with SPSS Win 20.0 program. Results: Overall knowledge of AED in health-related major students, except paramedics and physical therapy was relatively low while attitudes were at moderate level. There were statistically significant differences in knowledge according to age, grade, major, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) awareness, exposure to AED and CPR education; and differences in attitude according to major, health status, health awareness, CPR awareness, exposure to AED, and CPR education. Significant factors explained 63% of knowledge on AED (F= 43.96, p<.001) and 37% of attitudes on AED (F= 15.84, p<.001). Conclusion: The study findings suggest that systemic education programs on AED should be implemented during undergraduate curriculum to improve survival rate of sudden cardiac arrest.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1629-1635
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• 2016

A novel bacteriophage, PBES 02, infecting Cronobacter sakazakii was isolated and characterized. It has a spherical head of 90 nm in diameter and a tail of 130 nm in length, and belongs to Myoviridae as observed under a transmission electron microscope. The major virion protein appears to be 38 kilodaltons (kDa) in size. The latent period of PBES 02 is 30 min and the burst size is 250. Infectivity of the phage remained intact after exposure to temperatures ranging from 4℃ to 55℃ for 1 h. It was also stable after exposure to pHs ranging from 6 to 10 for 1 h. The phage effectively removed contaminating Cronobacter sakazakii from broth infant formula. PBES 02 has a double-stranded DNA genome of 149,732 bases. Its GC ratio is 50.7%. Sequence analysis revealed that PBES 02 has 299 open reading frames (ORFs) and 14 tRNA genes. Thirty-nine ORFs were annotated, including 24 related to replication and regulation functions, 10 related to structural proteins, and 5 related to DNA packaging. The genome of PBES 02 is closely related to that of two other C. sakazakii phages, CR3 and CR8. Comparison of DNA sequences of genes encoding the major capsid protein revealed a wide geographical distribution of related phages over Asia, Europe, and America.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 1993

In order to investigate radiation effects on the liver, functional changes of liver were analyzed after irradiation. Doses of 10 Gy, 15 Gy and 20 Gy were exposed partially to the liver of male rats(Sprague-Dawley) with X-ray(4MV linear accelerator) at room temperature. On 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after irradiation, liver tissues and sera of the animals were compared with those of unirradiated animal by liver function tests. Enzyme activities in sera such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, malondialdehyde. The content of malondialdehyde in the activities of many enzymes including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase in sera were increased slightly with increasing exposure dose in all experiments and the activities of these enzymes increased markedly in 20 Gy irradiated groups. From these above results, functional changes of the liver were induced in all irradiated groups. Damaged liver was recovered along with time collapse after irradiation to the doses of 10 Gy and 15 Gy while no recovery was deteced within 8 weeks after irradiation to 20 Gy. These results suggest that careful attention must be paid to liver not to be included in exposure field in radiation therapy.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1584-1596
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• 2022

According to a survey published in an authoritative journal in January 2020, the globalincidence rate of mental illness is 8.3% for men and 10.6% for women, which indicates thatmental illness has become a globally recognized obstacle. Therefore, specific psychotherapy including mental illness will become an important research topic. It is very effective forpatients with special mental diseases, such as mental illness, to reduce their mental reaction byexposure therapy; the system uses the virtual reality system of medical images processed by learningalgorithm to reproduce the effect of virtual reality exposure method of the high scene of transparent ladder. Compared with the old invasive exposure scene, the results show that theimprovement of both conditions has obvious effect, and the effect of human treatment underthe two conditions is not good. There are obvious differences, which show that virtual reality model will gradually replace the on-the-spot feeling. Finally, with more and more researchers have put forward a variety of other virtual reality image processing models, the research of image processing has gradually become more and more interested.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.386-392
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• 2009

This study was undertaken to compare the performance of three dust samplers for collecting cotton dust fibers. For this study, three dust samplers including Vertical Elutriator (VE), Total Dust Method (TDM) using 37 mm cassette, and the Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) sampler were selected. A total of 6 cotton mills and 4 towel factories were investigated. When measured by VE, the GM for cotton dust was 0.19 $mg/m^3$ which was less than the current occupational exposure limit (OEL) 0.2 $mg/m^3$. But when measured by TDM and IOM at the same locations, the GMs were 0.37 and 0.63 $mg/m^3$, respectively. In Korea, most industrial hygienists have used the TDM for cotton dust measurements and the results were compared with either the TLV for cotton dust or the PNOC (particulates not otherwise classified) of 10 $mg/m^3$ for making decisions. The results of this study clearly showed that past cotton dust measurements and decisions made with such results were not correct. It needs to be noticed the related contents by using VE if it applies to the exposure limit, 0.2 $mg/m^3$, and needs to be revised the exposure limit by IOM. Also, if TDM is used, it requires to be studied and suggested to the new OEL.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.199-199
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• 2013

The distinctive cellular and mitochondrial dysfunctions of a human epithelial lung cancer cell line (H460) from a human lung fibroblastic normal cell line (MRC5) have been studied by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment. The DBD plasma device have generated large amount of H2O2 and NOx in culture media which is dependent on plasma exposure time. It is found that the cell number of lung cancer cell H460 has been reduced more than the lung normal cell MRC5 as being increased exposure and incubation time. Also these both cell lines have showed mitochondria fragmentation under 5 minutes' plasma exposure, which is a clue of apoptosis. It is noted in this study that AnnexinV staining has showed not only early apoptosis, but also late apoptosis in lung cancer cell H460. Mitochondria enzyme activity and ATP generation have been also much reduced in lung cancer cell H460. Their mitochondrial membrane potential (${\Delta}{\psi}m$) has been found to be reduced in magnitude and shifted to the induced-potential level of cccp, while MRC5 mitochondrial membrane potential has been shifted slightly to that. These distinctively selective responses of lung cancer cell H460 from lung normal cell MRC5 gives us possibility of applying plasma to cancer therapy.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2009

2006년~2008년 2사분기까지의 2.5년간의 환자 건수는 14,674건이었으며, $^{18}F$-FDG 평균 주사량은 461.5 MBq 였다. 2.5년간 순환근무는 3회 이루어졌고, 10명의 방사선사 중 PET과 Gamma 영역별 1인을 제외한 8명의 순환근무가 시행되었다. 추가로 2008년 3인의 신입인력이 야간에 투입되어 이에 대한 평가도 이루어졌다. 방사선사의 근무연한은 15년 이상이 2인, 10~15년이 3인, 5~10년이 1인, 5년 미만이 3인이었다. 이들의 개인별 피폭선량은 먼저 PET실에 근무를 하고 있을 때가 Gamma 영역에 근무하고 있을 때 보다 더 높게 나왔다. 가장 큰 원인으로는 일일 처리 건수 면에서 PET과 Gamma영역의 차이가 거의 없는 상태에서 $^{99m}Tc$보다는 상대적으로 에너지가 높은 $^{18}F$-FDG를 사용하는데 있다고 본다. 특히 개인별 피폭선량도 근무연한에 따른 분기별 평가에서 서로 다르게 나타났다. 또한 순환근무 초기 1개월째보다는 업무의 연속성을 익힌 3개월째에 더 낮은 피폭선량을 보여 주고 있다. 이는 PET 실의 근무연한이 길수록 업무의 숙달도가 증가하여 개인별 피폭선량은 감소하는 것으로 보인다. 예약실에 근무하는 간호사의 피폭선량은 $^{18}F$-FDG 주사 후 짧은 시간에 환자와의 접촉이 이루어지고 있어 그리 큰 문제점을 보이지는 않았다. 그러나 임신 가능성이 있는 간호사일 경우는 이를 재고해 보아야할 필요가 있다. 순환 근무를 통한 장시간 PET/CT실을 벗어난 상황이 될 경우 대부분의 근무자가 초기 1개월에서 업무의 연속성 결여 및 개인별 피폭선량 증가라는 위험성을 내포하였다. PET/CT 환자의 증가에 따른 PET/CT실 전체의 과도한 피폭을 분산하기 위한 순환 근무제의 도입이 또 다른 문제점을 갖고 있음을 알 수 있다.5,6) 이를 해결하기 위해서는 근무자의 업무재교육과 순환 및 고정 근무제의 적절한 병행을 시행할 필요가 있다고 본다. 또한 고정 근무자는 순환 근무 인력들의 이런 문제점을 해결하기 위해 업무영역에서 표준화된 업무지침서 등을 만들어야 한다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.351-357
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• 2018

방사선 치료 시 환자는 부득이하게 산란선과 누설선에 의한 2차 방사선 피폭을 받게 된다. 진단용 방사선의 경우 진단참조준위로 환자의 피폭을 줄이기 위한 가이드라인을 제시하고 있지만 치료용 방사선의 경우 2차 방사선에 의한 피폭선량이 상당함에도 불구하고 상한치 설정 시 치료 효과의 저감을 이유로 선량을 제한하지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 선형가속기를 이용한 방사선 치료 시 원거리 조직에서 환자가 받을 수 있는 2차 방사선을 형광유리선량계로 측정하였으며 형광유리선량계의 빌드업 특성에 따른 형광량의 포화도를 측정하였다. 연구 결과 조사야 경계로부터 거리가 멀어질수록 피폭선량은 급격히 줄어들었으며, 두부 1 Gy 조사 시 경부 18.45 mGy, 경부 1 Gy 조사 시 두부 15.55 mGy, 흉부 1 Gy 조사 시 경부 14.26 mGy, 골반 1 Gy 조사 시 흉부 1.14 mGy로 피폭되었다. 형광량의 포화도는 판독시점에 따라 1.8 ~ 4.8% 정도 과대평가 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2014

With the advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), the perceptions of HIV therapy have changed from treating acute and terminal diseases to managing complex chronic diseases. Due to needs for specialists with professional knowledge on anti-retroviral therapies, pharmacists have been recognized as established and integral members in HIV multi-disciplinary care teams. Nevertheless, the roles of Korean pharmacists for HIV/AIDS therapy were highly limited. According to the transition of '2+4'-year pharmacy school curricula in Korea, it is necessary for pharmacy students to possess improved knowledge about and proper attitudes toward HIV/AIDS as future pharmacists. However, there have been little studies regarding the assessment of HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions of pharmacy students in Korea. Thus, this study was to examine Korean pharmacy students' knowledge levels, attitudes, and risk perceptions about HIV/AIDS and compare them according to pharmacy educational systems. The self-reported questionnaire was utilized to collect data. Total 238 students responded to the survey questionnaires. Most pharmacy students who participated in this study knew that the main transmission routes of HIV were unprotected sex, unscreened blood, occupational exposure, and intravenous drug use. However, they did not properly know post exposure prophylaxis for HIV. The pharmacy students under '2+4'-year curricula were more competent with treatment, care, counseling for HIV patients than those under 4-year curricula. Most pharmacy students thought that all healthcare students and professionals should receive mandatory HIV testings. The results from this study may contribute to developing new educational programs about HIV/AIDS. Additionally, further studies regarding the changes of Korean pharmacy students' attitudes and risk perceptions will need to be performed after they participate in these kinds of the programs.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.47-50
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• 2001

Purpose : 체내에서 optimal한 dose distribution을 얻기 위해 도입된 IMRT를 시행할 때 사용하는 MLC는 기계특성상 장기적인 check와 교정을 요한다. 또한 MLC는 static하지 않고 dynamic하기 때문에 leaf position의 실제 위치가 매우 중요하다. MLC QA를 위해 QA 소요시간 및 노력이 많이 MLC position check 요구되는 불편이 있어, 삼성서울 병원에서 필름을 이용한 MLC position check device를 제작하여 간편하게 사용하고 그 우수성에 대해 결과를 보고하고자 한다. Materials and Method : MLC position을 check하기위해 사각형 의 device(acryl:$40{\times}40{\times}5cm$)를 제작하였다. position check device의 정확도를 위해 표면에 real scale 표시용으로 Pb marker를 2cm 간격으로 부착하였다. MLC QA film은 마주보는 (opposite) MLC leaf의 간격이 4mm로 set up한 상태에서 double exposure하여 marker를 이용하여 오차를 분석하였다. MLC position check device의 효율성을 평가하기위해 6MV photon으로 10번 반복 실험을 실시하여 MLC leaf의 평균오차를 조사하고 조사에 걸린 시간을 비교하여 유용성을 평가하였다. Results : 실험결과 MLC leaf의 평균오차를 조사하고 조사에 걸린 시간을 비교하여 유용성을 평가하였다. 범위는 1.45mm였고, 최소 오차는 0.34mm로 나타났다. 1회 조사에 걸린 시간은 평균적으로 약 30분 정도 소요되었다. MLC position check device의 효율성을 평가한 결과오차의 반복성은 관찰되지 않았다. Conclusion : MLC leaf position의 정기적인 check와 교정을 위해 본원에서는 주1회 정기 position error를 check하고 있으며, 평균 월1회 교정을 한다. 본 실험을 통해 MLC position check device를 사용하여 leaf 오차가 2mm이하의 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었다. 또한 MLC position check device를 사용하면 짧은 시간에 모든 leaf의 position error를 쉽게 측정할 수 있고 한 장의 필름으로 모든 결과를 평가할 수 있어 경제성 및 업무의 효율성도 높일 수 있었다.