• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.2380-2386
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• 2017

Fresh agricultural product in Korea are currently being exported overseas through expensive air transportation, supported by the governments's farm export subsidies. However all members of the World Trade Organization(WTO) must halt government subsidies by 2023. Accordingly, it is necessary to use marine transport capable of carrying freight at low cost. Reefer containers are used for marine transportation of fresh produce but it have a problem due to the temperature difference inside the reefer container which causes of fresh cargo and drop in freshness during sea transportation. In order to solve the problem, we developed a temperature control algorithm for reefer container that maintain a constant temperature and minimizes the deviation inside reefer container. The result showed that the maintained a constant temperature within a maximum of $0.5^{\circ}C$ based on the set-point of $4.0^{\circ}C$ inside reefer container.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.75-87
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• 2012

Today, the Korean fisheries is undergoing significant hardships, both domestically and internationally. While declining amount of catch, ascending international oil prices and others pose a compelling challenge to the fishing sector, the ever strengthening influence of international institutions related to fisheries and international trade organizations also compel to bring about myriad of changes in the realm of fishery products. Against the backdrop, this study attempted to examine the fisheries catch, aquaculture, service, processing fields in terms of its rippling effect and of how the industry has been changed by analyzing the past and present through an input-output analysis. As for research methods, 168 items of the input-output tables in 2000, 2005, 2009, and 2010 were integrated to form and classify 32 sectors (28 basic sectors + catch, aquaculture, fishery service, processed fishery products) so as to generate production inducement coefficient, sensitivity coefficient, and impact coefficient. The analysis results revealed that : though the linkage effect of fishery industry was not very sizable, the impact coefficient of the processed fishery products was high; the consumption and investment coefficient sector among production inducement coefficient was on an upturn trend ; the export coefficient was tended to decline. In the future research, it is necessary to carry out a study based on the integration of detailed classification (404 sector) and a study and analysis of fishery industry by different regions through the inter-regional input-output tables. The fishery industry is one of the crucial industries in Korea. The fishery industry is not only important in its own right but also significant as it exerts influence over other industries. Therefore, it is required that there should be more investment and supports for the development of the fishery industry, and pay efforts to ensure that the investment and development could lead to mutual growth for both the fishery and other various industries.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.21-43
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• 2005

Since China opened its market to foreign investors, overseas Chinese firms have been the biggest foreign investors. Because of the uncertain market environment, other foreign finns incurred larger liabilities of foreignness than overseas Chinese finns. Some parts of liabilities of foreignness stem from cultural differences and last for quite long time. Therefore better understanding of Chinese culture and guanxi network can give overseas Chinese finns competitive advantages over those from other countries by offering market information and reducing transaction costs. Also better management skills, information about export markets and abundant capital allow them to maintain competitive strengths over local firms. As foreign firms accumulate market knowledge in China, they can reduce liabilities of foreignness. However, it is very difficult for foreigners to understand Chinese cultures and to utilize guanxi network as well as Chinese. It is likely that Overseas Chines firms can have competitive strengths in some industries such as banking, retailing, and foreign trade, where relationship with local contractors and exploitation of worldwide Chines networks can play important roles to make successful business deals.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.317-344
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• 2013

This study wished to construct and propose correct Korea-USA FTA business model in Food Industry for FTA practical use maximization. First, the application item of Wholly Obtained Criterion may have to construct Wholly Obtained Criterion FTA practical use strategy. This strategy is to export to FTA country concerned after process domestically made main material. Second, the application item of Change in Tariff Heading may have to construct Change in Tariff Heading FTA practical use strategy. This strategy exports to FTA country concerned after that process that receives tariff cut(Cost reduction) benefit, and satisfies Change in Tariff Heading importing main material from third country (The FTA conclusion country).

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.343-367
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• 2009

This research is about global investment for managing the important position, what Korea is doing in World's main market. Considering there are some differences between developed countries' model and developing countries' model in doing direct overseas investment, they target to get political agreement and develop the new invest plan and strategy by understanding changes of Korean manufacturing companies in direct overseas investment between 2000 and 2007 and analyzing the change of yearly investment motivation factors and determining factors for investment. The result from this result let us know that company should develop their own idea for their competitive advantage by doing direct overseas investment with the existing theory which convinces the need of competitive advantage for investing overseas. I set actual model and analyze results from it with the considering that it is so important to get knowledge and information for globalizing companies to invest overseas and companies, which want to be world leading ones for their field through innovation and changes, need to have more active strategy. And, the overseas investment, which was already done in other countries, 1. Review its realities and tendency in terms of investing countries, investing industries, and its scale. 2. Set up an actual model, based on strategic combination of investing location select and determination of Korean manufacturing companies and yearly investing factor-effect analysis. 3. Analyze how the situational factors have influenced and what factors would be considered for direct overseas investment. From the analyzing result, even though it is fairly true that raising wage and getting resources, avoiding customs, and developing alternating industries for export had influenced at the beginning, overseas investing companies' policy will be influenced by the results from studying marketing-pursuit type, which emphasizes to manage trade income and outgo, keeping the balance in the black, ensuring raw materials, local producing and manufacturing by using low-wage people for local sale, and situation for changing investing tendency as service industry.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.253-273
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• 2014

The Korea-EU FTA has substantially escalated the volumes of South Korea's export and investment in the United Kingdom since its ratification. Coupling with the FTA effect, the ease of doing business in the United Kingdom will increase even more trade and investment by South Korean multinational corporations. In the meantime, the UK Bribery Act 2010 was enforced to end bribery by individuals and business entities which have close connection with the United Kingdom. The punishment of violating the Act is severe than ever because of "unlimited" fine. Without fully understanding the Act and have compliance measures as described in the Guidance issued by the UK Ministry of Justice, South Korean corporations may risk its whole business. Therefore, this paper will analyze the UK Bribery Act in details to provide critical implications for South Korean corporations under the Korea-EU FTA.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.147-169
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• 2009

This paper deals with disputes incurred from the CISG provisions in relation with the conformity of goods with a view to finding the general way of approach made by the court and arbitration tribunal in the case laws for the interpretation of CISG based on 6(six) cases thereon. Throughout this study, it has been noted that the German Supreme Court devoted most in creating the general principle of CISG interpretation in relation with national compulsory law of regulation applicable on the conformity of goods. It was New Zealand mussels case in which the German supreme court decided that the exporting country's compulsory law of regulation would be applied in determining the conformity of goods. Furthermore, German supreme court added that CISG does not place an obligation on the exporter to supply goods, which conform to all statutory or other public provisions in force in the import state unless the same provisions exist in the export State as well, or the importer informed the exporter about such provisions existing in the import state, or the exporter had knowledge of the provisions due to special circumstances. It is stipulated in CISG that the goods conform with contract if they are fit for the purpose for which goods of the same description would ordinarily be used. When questions arise concerning matters governed by the CISG that are not expressly defined in the CISG, the question is to be settled in conformity with general principles on which the convention is based. Only when such a general principle cannot be found may the tribunal turn to other sources such as UNIDROIT Principles, Principles of European Contract Law and Lex Mercatoria, etc. Interpretation of CISG should be autonomous, in the sense that it should not depend on principles and concepts derived from any national legal system. Even where a CISG rule is directly inspired by domestic law, the court should not fall back on its domestic law, but interpret the rule by reference to the CISG with a view to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its application and the observance of good faith in international trade.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.474-485
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants and elements to enhance Korean international competitiveness, employing Porter's(1998) Diamond Model. Half of the 500 leading apparel exporters that were members of the Korea Apparel Industry Association in 2003 were selected as the target of this research. From May to June of 2003, survey questionnaires were sent to executives of these 250 companies in person or by telephone, e-mail, or fax. Seventy questionnaires were used for the final data anlysis. The items used were Reliability, Categorical Regression, and Frequency, using SPSS 11.5. The results were as follows: First, as a result of analyzing the influence of international competitiveness in Korean apparel industry, the firm's strategy, structure, and rivalry was the most influential factor. Others were related and supporting industries, government, chance, demand conditions, and factor conditions. Also, the elements that affect Korean international competitiveness were listed as the level of price competition in foreign markets, the level of labor cost, export marketing capacity, and exchange fluctuation. The most important element to improve the international competitiveness of the Korean apparel industry was a demand growth rate of the overseas markets(Demand Conditions), followed by the level of the labor costs(Factor Conditions), the capability of internationalization(Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry), the change of currency(Chance), the quality and management of products(Demand Conditions), the capability of planning products(Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry), free trade from 2005(Chance), and global sourcing strategy(Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry). Korea's main rival country in apparel related and supporting industry factors is China. However, Korea has a higher level of technology development, quality, and price level than China.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.272-278
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• 2018

Recently, the use of hazardous chemicals has been continuously increasing. Therefore, the international trade volume is growing and chemical accidents have increased. Nowadays, the safety awareness of the public has increased. As a result, the management and supervision of hazardous chemicals have been strengthened. However, the port policy of Korea has focused on increasing the volume of cargo through facility development. Thus, the port management of hazardous chemicals has been relatively neglected. For national economic growth and society, the port management of hazardous chemicals should be considered to efficiently ensure safety and economic growth. Therefore, this study assumed scenarios where hazardous materials were moved in a dangerous container, not only on appropriate wharfs but also in ports that were close to a big city. The BTX substances were selected among the toxic chemicals with large import and export volumes, and the risk distance and damage effects were predicted using various risk assessment programs. It is expected that this could be used to improve a port safety management system and could be utilized to determine the safety distance in case of an accident.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.301-314
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• 2010

The digital content industry, purred by the growth of high technology content digitization is growing in demand for content technology. The development of the digital content industry and competitive technology ensure that superior digital content is essential. National policy development through business support enables the digital content industry to pursue technology development, transfer and trade, export and industrial use of digital content and value creation to maximize the time required for project. To this end, significant public and corporate funds to strengthen competitiveness for digital content on research and development. Companies perform research and development for effective decision-making, and invest in an archive to check the efficiency and soundness of technology valuation systems in place. This research studies the development of digital content, technology, and the old methods of technology commercialization to facilitate the growth and development of digital content throughout the business world. In order to assess the value of this support, a technology valuation framework has been developed and applied to this case to validate its usefulness.