• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.38-41
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• 2008

Fish is a major source of protein for the Senegalese population. Fishing plays a dominant role in the Government's policy towards generating employment. It currently generates about 100,000 direct jobs (fishermen) for nationals, of which more than 90% are in small-scale fishing. The fishing industry also contributes to Government revenue through different agreements. In addition to associated dues, fishing agreements imply a series of economic, trade and technical counterparts. Under the latest fishing agreement concluded by Senegal and the European Union (1997-2001), direct financial compensation amounts to about CFAF 32 billion. Despite its economic and social importance, the sector has to face serious disequilibria both in resource exploitation and market supply: the coastal demersal (deep lying fish) stocks with high market value (mostly exported) are fully and even over-exploited, with a serious risk of local market supply shortages looming ahead as the fishing effort shifts from locally consumed species to export-oriented ones.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 2020

Purpose: The AEO (Authorized Economic Operator) program, created in 2001 in the United States due to 9.11 terrorist's attack, fundamentally changed the trade environment. Korea, which introduced AEO program in 2009, has become one of the world's top countries in the program by ranking 6th in the number of AEO certified companies and the world's No. 1 in MRA (Mutual Recognition Agreement) conclusions. In this paper, we examined what trade-economic and non-economic effects the AEO program and its MRA have in Korea. Research design, data and methodology: In this study we developed a model to verify the impact between utilization of AEO and trade-economic effects of the AEO and its MRA. After analyzing the validity and reliability of the model through Structural Equation Model we conducted a survey to request AEO companies to respond their experience on the effects of AEO program and MRA. As a result, 196 responses were received from 176 AEO companies and utilized in the analysis. Results: With regard to economic effects, the AEO program and the MRA have not been directly linked to financial performance, such as increased sales, increased export and import volumes, reduced management costs, and increased operating profit margins. However, it was analyzed that the positive effects of supply chain management were evident, such as strengthening self-security, monitoring and evaluating risks regularly, strengthening cooperation with trading companies, enhancing cargo tracking capabilities, and reducing the time required for export and import. Conclusions: When it comes to the trade-economic effects of AEO program and its MRA, AEO companies did not satisfy with direct effects, such as increased sales and volume of imports and exports, reduced logistics costs. However, non-economic effects, such as reduced time in customs clearance, freight tracking capability, enhanced security in supply chain are still appears to be big for them. In a rapidly changing trade environment the AEO and MRA are still useful. Therefore the government needs to encourage non-AEO companies to join the AEO program, expand MRA conclusion with AEO adopted countries especially developing ones and help AEO companies make good use of AEO and MRA.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.106-124
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• 2022

Purpose - The increasing share of Korean private label products (PLPs) in the domestic market helped generate lucrative revenue. In recent years, major South Korean retailers have begun to cast their sights on overseas markets and actively export their PLPs. In China, the proportion of private label fresh food (PLFF) is gradually expanding amid the development of the new retailing model. A profound understanding of the relationship between private label fresh produce and purchase intention may be the answer to helping Chinese retailer private labels expand supply chains in Korea. This study, taking Chinese retailers as an example, examines the impacts of selection factors of private label fresh food and perceived value on purchase intention. Apart from that, the relationship between the selection factors and purchase intention will be analyzed with perceived value as a mediator. Design/methodology - This work aims to empirically analyze the purchase intention of private label fresh food using statistical analysis. In this study, a hypothetical causal model consisting of 6 latent variables and 24 measured variables is developed based on the literature review. To validate the research hypotheses and the research model, SPSS23.0/AMOS23.0 is used to analyze factors such as validity and reliability, as well as structural equation modeling. Findings - The hypothetical model established in this study is of general applicability. In respect to PLFF, perceived value, while significantly influencing purchase intention in combination with four selection factors (perceived quality, perceived price, brand trust, and store image), mediates partially between the first three factors and purchase intention, which rules out the impact and mediating effect of store image on purchase intention. Originality/value - These research results, as helpful insights into the present circumstances of Chinese PLFF in the domestic market, provide useful information and guidance for Korean retailers and service providers to innovate production and service, as well as develop marketing and promotion strategies, so that they can shift private label goods with advantages from domestic demand to export, thus increasing overseas profitability. Further, this work will also contribute to relevant research.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.133-147
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• 1976

1. The purpose of this study is to provide a series of statistical "bench marks" from which one can begin to think systematically about the required development of the Korean food and fertilizer needs over the next quarter-century. 2. The Korean population has been estimated by the characteristics of the population and its social and political situations today. Because fertility and mortality rates are relatively stable and are under control of politics concerned, the estimation rates were established with 1.6% over 1975-1980, 1.3% over 1981-1990, and 1.0% over 1991-2000. 3. Annual per capita absorption of milled rice has fluctuated rather closely around 140kg, since 1968, with no evidence of declining trend. Per capita absorption of barley and wheat around 120 kg, and legumes around 10.6kg, However because the case of wheat and corn productions are rather difficult the self-sufficiency in the future, the rice is considered to be accelerate its yield growth surplus the level of self-sufficiency to export. 4. The fertilizer demand in each element has been calculated by mechanical multiplication of "the recommend index of fetilizer application" to yield a unit production over the need of national food supply by crop year. 5. As a results refer to Table (8), the estimated quantities of total fertilizer demand to meet the national food supply of the years of 1974, 1980, 1985, 1.990, 1995, and 2000 are reached around 871500, 1138150, 1375480, 1515030, 1652090 and 1799850 metric tons in each year.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.107-134
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• 2002

Globalization of the industry induces the internationalization of any given manufacturing company's supply chain. Development of e-Commerce and Information Technology (IT) changes the logistics structure, making logistics information systems essential. Web-based connectivity and supply chains based on new technologies are becoming essential in the logistics industry. Customers are driving the implementation of systems to ensure timely, thorough, and accurate information, often with immediate access; in response, the Internet has propagated tracking and tracing systems. Value-added services are the key to successful intermediary activities. The nationwide Integrated Logistics Information System (ILIS) aimed to utilize existing and future information infrastructure and knowledge bases to build an integrated logistics information network that would provide comprehensive logistics information services for shippers and carriers in order to improve the efficiency of both inventory and information flows in their supply chains. The ILIS, as one of the seven national information networks, has provided various services, particularly services related to import/export and clearance. Though a survey concerning logistics information services shows rather positive results, shippers and carriers still require better services and reductions in EDI prices. Therefore, the role of the ILIS needs to be re-defined. Short-term plans for the ILIS contain ICD services and XML/EDI services, which are described in detail.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2021

Purpose: This paper uses the resource-dependency theory to present the case of the Pakistan sugar industry to highlight how the industry uses a strategic alliance to gain a powerful bargaining position over its critical dependencies. The case of the Pakistan sugar industry is well-known and it is common knowledge that the alliance or the cartel within it is responsible for frequent price hikes and sugar supply shortages in the country. Research design, data and methodology: We use a case study, qualitative document analysis design to trace how the alliance overcomes its various dependencies, and in doing so, how does it harm various stakeholder interests. Results: This paper finds that the sugar industry alliance maintains its bargaining power by manipulating sugar supply through horizontal alliances, political affiliations, underselling and under-reporting sugar stocks, purchasing sugarcane from the black market, and by gaining billions of rupees in export subsidies by hoarding stock and using its political connections. Conclusion: The paper concludes by providing a summary of the measures which the government has taken to curb this anticompetitive conduct; the most important of which is the removal of protectionist measures for sugar trade and allowing market forces to control the demand and supply of sugar in the local market.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.47-69
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• 1990

Using an aggregator model, we look into the possibilities for substitution between Korea's exports, imports, domestic sales and domestic inputs (particularly labor), and substitution between disaggregated export and import components. Our approach heavily draws on an economy-wide GNP function that is similar to Samuelson's, modeling trade functions as derived from an integrated production system. Under the condition of homotheticity and weak separability, the GNP function would facilitate consistent aggregation that retains certain properties of the production structure. It would also be useful for a two-stage optimization process that enables us to obtain not only the net output price elasticities of the first-level aggregator functions, but also those of the second-level individual components of exports and imports. For the implementation of the model, we apply the Symmetric Generalized McFadden (SGM) function developed by Diewert and Wales to both stages of estimation. The first stage of the estimation procedure is to estimate the unit quantity equations of the second-level exports and imports that comprise four components each. The parameter estimates obtained in the first stage are utilized in the derivation of instrumental variables for the aggregate export and import prices being employed in the upper model. In the second stage, the net output supply equations derived from the GNP function are used in the estimation of the price elasticities of the first-level variables: exports, imports, domestic sales and labor. With these estimates in hand, we can come up with various elasticities of both the net output supply functions and the individual components of exports and imports. At the aggregate level (first-level), exports appear to be substitutable with domestic sales, while labor is complementary with imports. An increase in the price of exports would reduce the amount of the domestic sales supply, and a decrease in the wage rate would boost the demand for imports. On the other hand, labor and imports are complementary with exports and domestic sales in the input-output structure. At the disaggregate level (second-level), the price elasticities of the export and import components obtained indicate that both substitution and complement possibilities exist between them. Although these elasticities are interesting in their own right, they would be more usefully applied as inputs to the computational general equilibrium model.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.71
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• pp.325-350
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• 2016

As the new competitive environment become more global, technologically oriented and customer driven, as customers continually demand higher quality, faster response, and greater reliability of products and services, the new global market demands a more customer responsive behaviour by companies and firms have responded with innovative products and improved manufacturing processes to manufacture products. Further, the shift from traditional manufacturing and purchasing to JIT manufacturing and purchasing requires customers and suppliers to shift from adversarial relationships to strategic partnerships, and information sharing, so as to attain flexibility, reliability, and speed. SCM practices such as supplier collaboration and information sharing is considered as a key to attaining supplier network responsiveness and enhancing the product innovation and the market access time. The current research investigates the effect of SCM practices on supplier network responsiveness, the product innovation and the market access time of export companies. Thus by providing empirical evidence of the said relationships, this study offers useful guidelines for measuring and improving the supplier network responsiveness of a firm, facilitating further research in the area.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.1481-1485
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• 2005

This study aims at establishing master plan for efficient establishment of comprehensive drought management information system as non-structural drought counterplan which provides drought damage in advance. Domestic and abroad research related to drought were surveyed and analyzed through many literature and internet for systematic drought management information system. Long-term master plan for comprehensive drought management information system is divided into 3 steps. In first step, drought monitoring system including development of hydrological drought assessment index, drought outlook analysis method and GIS web based drought monitering system is established. In second step, water supply plan and guideline through water shortage danger assessment by areal characteristics is established. In third step, comprehensive management information system through export system linked to KORSIM and establishment of information shared system between each bureau related to drought. Based on this study, master plan for efficient development and application of drought management information system is proposed, it is expected to be applied as guideline for second and third step of drought management information system.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.7
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• pp.317-340
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• 2001

The Busan shoe industry has been the accelerating overseas transfer of production facilities due to loss of competitiveness in the wake of drastic revaluation of the won, an increase in personnel expenses and the rise of backup developing countries since the late 1980s. On account of changes in the general system of supply and demand caused by a decrease in exports and production, the Industrial structure has been subjected to a transition from export to domestic demand. As a result, the Busan shoe industry, which used to rank second in the world in terms of its shoe export and to account for 16.5% in terms of its market share, started to be regarded as a fast-fading industry. As a domestic companies have a tendency to almost all the tasks on bloc, it is true that their competitiveness is on the rapid decline for they prefer self-reliance on the premise that all the production should be dealt with for themselves. It is outsourcing that is taken into account as a strategic vehicle for converting such self-reliance into the system of low expenditure and high efficiency.