• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.27-42
• /
• 2009

The research aims to identify factors affecting the use of government export marketing assistance programs and future improvements of the programs. 500 Korean exporting firms were used as a sample and research hypotheses were tested by the structural equation modeling using AMOS 7.0. The empirical findings are as follows. First, exporting firms' awareness of export marketing assistance programs showed a positive impact on their use of the programs. Second, small exporters showed higher awareness and use of the programs than large ones. Third, the firms with low export intensity showed higher awareness and use of the programs than those with high export intensity. Fourth, exporters having high orientations for overseas market showed higher awareness and use of the programs than those with low international orientations. Fifth, exporters having high proportion of direct exports showed higher awareness and use of the programs than those with low proportion of direct exports. Also, the effects of these firm-specific characteristics on the use of the programs were found to be done indirectly, in other words, through the awareness of the programs. Therefore, it was concluded that export marketing assistance program would be differentiated and specialized to fit in with exporters' different exporting stages and needs. Also, in order to increase the use of the programs, exporters' awareness and knowledge of the programs have to be increased in advance.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.189-209
• /
• 2008

This paper discusses the practical improvements for state government promotion programs to strengthen export competitiveness of small and medium trade business in the province to meet the needs of e-trade. This paper, first of all, describes how the problem on this subject relates to the existing literatures. It provides theoretical background about what programs mainly influence the export competitiveness of the province's small and medium business. Based upon the above results, the questionnaire for the analysis was grounded. The approach methodology is IP(Importance-Performance) analysis of satisfaction. The analysis collected the relations between the implementation and the satisfaction of 159 firms on the export promotion programs provided by its associated organizations. The I-P analysis results also reported that the organizations provided with the programs were listed in highly order of satisfaction as follows; KOTRA, Small and Medium Business Administration, Small Business Corporation, Gyeongbuk Internet Trade Center. Even though limitations of this paper exist, it can find provide the frames of ideal export promotion programs to meet the needs of a new era of trade.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.353-378
• /
• 2009

This paper intends to analyse the export assistance programs for SMEs(Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises) located in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province as well as to suggest export promotion policy for the local government. In order to accomplish these objectives, the present paper makes an extensive survey about export-support programs conducted by Gyeongsangbuk-do Province. The survey was rigorously made to evaluate export-support programs taken by the provincial government of Gyeongsangbuk-do and the regional firms' awareness about them. The paper utilized SPSS for empirical analysis. The frequency analysis was used to know the precision of data and its general features. The Crosstabulation Analysis was also used to evaluate firms' recognition about export-support programs and their practical use, satisfaction and relationships with the characteristics of enterprises. The results show that the local government must effectively systematize export support programs and develop export-support programs customized for the characteristics of enterprises in Gyeongsangbuk-do.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.439-466
• /
• 2010

Recently, the world government procurement market has been greatly opened thanks to the WTO Government Procurement Agreement and FTA etc..In spite of that, many companies trying to export their products into overseas procurement market have been still facing many kinds of invisible barriers and practices for restricting the market access. With the survey results, this study aims to suggest strategic and political implications for the exporting companies in the procurement area for preparing the marketing strategy and introducing the export assistance regime and developing the negotiation position in the concerned FTA. This study has showed some kinds of important implications for the export promotion in the area. Firstly, the companies have to try to increase their products competitiveness, to strength efforts for bids information gathering, to use special program for the foreign companies in some countries. Secondly, the Korean Government also has to try to establish a realistic system for gathering many information about the foreign government procurement market, to assist the companies's export marketing, to introduce the global standards for adapting international technical specifications, and to conclude the FTA agreement with the concerned developing countries in the procurement area etc..

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.60
• /
• pp.195-209
• /
• 2013

South Korea, despite the financial turbulences has marked the trade volume of USD 1 trillion and marked $7^{th}$ largest exporter in 2013. Approximately 40% of the entire import of Korea was for export. In the South Korean trade structure, import and export are closely related, requiring proactive import financial assistance policies. Recognizing this, K-sure has made import insurance policy available on the market since July 2010. The K-sure insurance policy targets both financial institutions and importers. This is the reason why this research seeks to review the import insurance terms for importers and compare with foreign import insurance products to find out ways to improve. K-sure's import insurance for importers is to cover a loss of a policyholder when the policyholder or importer domestically addressed made a prepayment but cannot receive goods. The import insurance is applied to import transactions of goods or resources. K-sure's import insurance coverage needs to be expanded to intermediary trade and consignment processing trade, etc. In this sense, a more systematic educational program should be introduced about K-sure's import insurance.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.485-516
• /
• 2011

Republic of Korea is small nation that is comprised of 0.7% of the world population and occupying just 0.07% of the world territory. Despite this, Republic of Korea once again proved herself to be as the world's major economic powerhouse by becoming the world's 7th largest exporter in 2010. However, the reality is that Republic of Korea is still significantly concerned about the volatile economic nature and anxiety that is spread across the globe since the global depression that began at the end of 2008 and the financial crisis that has been threatening the Euro-Zone recently. This has resulted in the nation reaching the limitation in significant economic growth and limited creation of jobs within the nation and due to such circumstances, the nation is becoming more aware of the fact that she needs to pay more attention on the service sector and service exports if she was to see a more positive economic outlook in the upcoming future. This research is aimed to analyse the cost that is associated with the service export sector, by examining a number of enterprises in relation to the MICE(Meeting Incentives Convention Exhibition) industry which certainly has both direct and indirect influences on the service exports of the nation Further, the prime goal of the research is to encourage the SMEs of Korea, who have substandard experience associated to foreign exports, to intensify and increase service exports and also the goal extends to the degree to suggest appropriate assistance measures to aid these enterprises to achieve such goals. This research is fundamentally designed and based on the literature research associated with the MICE industry and also, this research is premeditated through the analysis of the case of exports to Vietnam. As the result of research, it has been found out that SMEs in the MICE industry and those of in service export sector are reluctant or even feel insecure to attempt any kind of export of their services mainly due to; the lack of foreign market information and also the lack of experience associated with service exports. Furthermore, it has also been revealed that the difficulty to estimate the validity and profitability of service the export is a significant factor withholding those enterprises from attempting any service export to the foreign markets. Henceforth, in order to aid and stimulate service export to the foreign markets by these SMEs (including those in association with the MICE industry), it is imperative to prepare an one-stop service export assistance program which would provide the information associated with marketing, law and legislation, taxation system and financial area in regard to the global markets.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.54
• /
• pp.45-80
• /
• 2012

Since the 9.11 terror attack, the event which caused supply chain disruption, supply chain security has become more important than ever before. With this as a momentum, a customs supply chain security paradigm emerged intended to guarantee secure flow of cargo across boarder. Under this circumstances Incoterms(R) 2010 rules have allocated obligations between the buyer and seller to obtain or to render assistances in obtaining security clearances. Thus, security related obligations such as providing advance manifest information is the mandatory requirements for any export and import. The impact on the seller and buyer of security related obligations under the Incoterms(R) 2010 rules environment is obvious. Assistance to provide the security information in advance has become indispensable obligations to the seller and buyer. As such assistances is at the cost and risk of the party responsible for the clearances of the goods, the choice of recognised partner and compliance with the relevant security program, in order to enjoy the relevant benefits, becomes paramount.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.3-30
• /
• 2012

In the development process, small and medium-sized enterprises in China have shown their unique features and regularities which are closely related to China's national condition and economic characteristics. But in 2008, because of the global financial crisis which started in the USA, the rate of Chinese export and the rate of economic growth has evidently slowed. Due to shortage of funds, foreign orders fell, increase the value of RMB, lack of talented factors, Chinese SMEs are facing bankruptcy. In this context, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of domestic and international market environment, the government assistance for entering overseas market, entrepreneur characteristics, etc. on the global performance. Based on these, a research model and some hypotheses were set up and tested by the multiple regression analysis with total 317 effective survey data. The results of this paper are as follows. First, a positive effect relation on the financial performance was shown for the companies with high domestic and international market environment in the aspect of market environment. According to such analysis result, it was found that the market environment in which SMEs belong to is a very important factor. Second, in the aspect of government export assistance related to overseas, market development showed a positive effect relation on the both financial and non-financial performance. However, the direct financial assistance showed a positive effect relation only on the non-financial performance. Overall, it was found that the government assistance program on entering overseas market is having significant effects on SMEs, but direct financial assistance have not achieved the desired results. Third, the innovative-ness and progressiveness of entrepreneur showed a positive effect relation on the global market performance. However, the risk-taking of entrepreneur only showed a negative effect relation on the non-financial performance. Overall, it was found that the entrepreneurship of SMEs is an important and influential factor. This is a result implying that the propensity of taking too much risk is not desirable based on the uncertainty of the global environment market. To sum up, this study confirmed that the market environment, the government assistance and entrepreneur characteristics, which are the major prerequisites of global performance, have effects on global performance.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.107-120
• /
• 2015

This study compares own-brand exporting SMEs' utilization of various government-run exporting service programs that provided support in searching for overseas distributors, in overseas market research, and in marketing support. Researchers measure how important firms found each of these components of the program, as well as firms' satisfaction with these services, based on the type of product exported (industrial vs. consumer goods) and the level of economic development of the host countries (developed, newly industrialized, and developing.) A total of 245 own-brand exporting SMEs were surveyed and analyzed in this study. Results indicated that KOTRA was the most frequently used organization by the sample SMEs, regardless of the product type and the economic level of host countries. Industrial-goods exporting SMEs found support in searching for overseas distributors more important than consumer-goods exporting SMEs. SMEs exporting to developed countries considered overseas market research and marketing support and searching for overseas distributor programs more important than SMEs exporting to NIE or developing countries. In addition, industrial-goods exporting SMEs were more satisfied with the overseas market research and marketing support and searching for overseas distributor programs than consumer-goods exporting SMEs. However, there were no differences in satisfaction among firms based on the level of economic development of host countries. Several cases of significant correlations between the importance of and satisfaction with the utilization of government exporting service programs were found.