• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.776-783
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• 2022

Since Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing(MEP) routing is a repetitive and experience-centered process that requires considerable time and human resources, if automated, design errors can be prevented and the previously required time and human resources can be reduced. Although research on automatic routing has been conducted in many industries, the MEP routing in AEC projects has yet to be identified due to the complexity of system configuration, distributed expertise, and various constraints. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the target subjects for MEP routing automation and the constraints of each subject. The MEP design checklist provided by a CM company and existing literature review were conducted, and target subjects and constraints were identified through process observation and in-depth expert interviews for five days by visiting a MEP design company. The target subjects were largely divided into six categories: air conditioning plumbing, air conditioning duct, restroom sanitary plumbing, heating plumbing, and diagram. The findings from interviews show that work reduction and error reduction has the greatest effect on air conditioning plumbing while the level of difficulty is the highest in air conditioning duct and restroom sanitary plumbing. Major constraints for each subject include preventing cold drafts on air conditioning pipes, deviation in ventilation volume in air conditioning ducts, routing order on restroom sanitary plumbing, and separation distance from the wall on heating plumbing. In this way, subjects and constraints identified in this study can be used for MEP automatic routing.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.117-150
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to develop design guidelines on the learning analytics which can help to promote students' self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies in MOOCs learning environments. First of all, to develop the first draft of design guidelines, relevant literature review and case analysis on current MOOCs platforms such as edX, K-MOOC, Coursera, Khan Academy and FutureLearn were conducted. Then, to validate the design guidelines, expert reviews (validation questionnaires and in-depth interviews) and learner evaluation (in-depth interviews) were conducted. Through the recursive validation, the design guidelines were finalized. Overall, the final version of design guidelines on learning analytics to facilitate SRL strategies was suggested. The final design guidelines consist of 15 items in 10 categories related to the information analyzed based on individual student's learning behaviors and activities on MOOCs environments. Moreover, the results of interview also revealed that the social comparisons, learning progress reports, and personalization might contribute to the improvements of their SRL competences. This study has an implication that MOOCs could offer a higher success or completion rate to students with low SRL skills by taking advantage of the information on learning analytics

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.22-36
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• 2006

This paper is aimed to design for qualification structure and criteria for preparation of qualification test of computer operation engineer. In this study, a DACUM(Development A curriculum) method job analysis to extract contents such as task range, grades or ranks, eligibility, examination standards, selection criteria of examination questions, examination methods, etc was done by an job analysis committee composed of 7 specialists in the industry and academia. In the first place, this report presents job analysis models by procedures for developing selection criteria of examination questions of computer operation engineer. The first step is preparation for job analysis(data research, interviews and selection of experts), the second step the establishment of job models(first expert council and site study), the third step the drawn-out of knowledge, skills, and tools(the second expert council and site study), the fourth step the selection of courses and subjects(the third expert council), the fifth step the establishment of guidelines for making questions(the third site study).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.473-482
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• 2012

This study is aimed to design for qualification structure and criteria for preparation of qualification test of the Livestock. In this study, a DACUM(Development A curriculum) method job analysis to extract contents such as task range, eligibility, examination standards, selection criteria of examination questions, examination methods, etc was done by an job analysis committee composed of 7 specialists in the industry and academia. In the first place, this report presents job analysis models by procedures for developing selection criteria of examination questions of the Livestock. The first step is preparation for job analysis(data research, interviews and selection of experts), the second step the establishment of job models(first expert council and site study), the third step the drawn-out of knowledge, skills, and tools(the second expert council and site study), the fourth step the selection of courses and an examination subject(the third expert council), the fifth step the establishment of guidelines for making questions(the third site study).

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.222-230
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to design a research to find clinical factors involved in the decision-making process for determining the constitutional prescription based on prospective clinical data. Methods We have created a draft of the case report form. Therefore, seven constitutional experts was interviewed for additional items to be important used to determine the constitutional prescription in clinic. Interviews were done from December 2012 to March 2014, experts per person 2-3 times, took time of about 120 minutes per interview. Since then, we developed the final case report form through the expert meeting. At the same time, the developing the electronic case report form (eCRF) and the protocol to collect constitutional treatment cases was also discussed. Results & Conclusions The items of the case report form were subject general, lifestyle, health measurement, record of expert, prescription and evaluation after medication. The part of the clinical symptoms of the record of expert allowed to be recorded in the 5-point scale for the collection of quantitative data as much as possible. Assuming a re-visit of the patient, if necessary, twice the recording were to be possible. At the same time, the eCRF and the protocol to collect constitutional treatment cases were also developed. In this study, it will be able to more objectively standardize the medical decision making process that the experts of constitutional prescription decision. As a result, it will be possible to provide the standardized constitutional medical services.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.78-90
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• 2022

This research analyzed the status and problems of civilian expert programs for landscape architects to suggest alternatives to improve the current system. Literature research focused on the issues of the legal definition of civilian experts, the background of the program, and related regulations. Based on the understanding of the legal system, the research analyzed the operation status, structure, roles of the civilian expert program of local governments where landscape architects were delegated as civilian experts. Currently, 50 local governments are running the civilian expert program, and landscape architects are working as civilian experts in 11 institutions. The majority of landscape architects are working as MA or general architects. Only SMG runs an independent general landscape architect program. Based on the literature research and interviews with 16 experts, the research examined four main issues related to the program. First, the legal system issues of the civilian expert programs are related to the regulations assuming architects as experts. Revising the current legal system is a better alternative than promulgating a new law for landscape architects. Second, the compensation issue was a main problem related to operation. Securing a sufficient budget and more effective administration is required to solve the problem. Third, related to the role, the tasks being limited to consultation were regarded as the main problem. Although landscape architects wanted more opportunities to directly participate in the project's design, the fairness of the public project contracting system needed to be considered. Fourth, the competence issue is related to the number of available landscape architects. This issue can be solved by expanding the pool of civilian experts to adjacent disciplines, such as public design or landscape management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.395-400
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• 2004

This study consists of three steps of data modeling procedures. The first step is to identify possible items for the data model based on literature review and expert interviews. The second step is to design delineate possible sub-themes, feature classes, feature types, attributes, attribute domains, and their relationships. These are presented in various UML class diagrams, and each feature type is clearly defined and modeled. The data model also shows geometry objects and their topological relationships in UML diagrams. Finally, a standardized data model has been provided to avoid possible conflicts in the field of geographic and Facility Area, and thus this study and the data model will eventually assist in alleviating efforts to build standardized geographic information databases for Facility Area.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2016

The purposes of the study were to examine engineering students' concerns and problems while they were choosing a project topic in interdisciplinary collaboration and to suggest ways to support them in an early stage of collaboration phase. To answer the research questions, we conducted a case study with engineering participants in GCTI 2015, an interdisciplinary collaborative and creative group project. Multiple data sources including focus group interviews, online survey and researchers' observation notes were used to triangulate research findings. We found four main concerns of engineering students. These concerns include (1) lack of self-efficacy, (2) limited resources, (3) lack of shared, meaningful, and common goals, and (4) lack of content knowledge. Based on these concerns we proposed four supports in an early stage of the collaborative project. These supports includes (1) implementing an orientation program, (2) providing opportunities for social interactions, (3) providing expert feedback, and (4) providing consultation for team building.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.132-140
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• 2004

Supply Chain Management (SCM) has drawn high attention and been discussed and under investigation for over two decades. However, how Hong Kong manufacturing firms carry out SCM is still unclear. In order to open the myth on what essentials are critical for SCM implementation, a large-scale questionnaire survey was conducted together with Expert Interviews in 2003. A SCM framework was then developed in which all the critical factors were summarized, categorized and prioritized to come up with a foundation for a self-assessment system for improving SCM performance.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.41-60
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• 2002

This paper defines measurement index items and weight of the index for the purpose of developing a performance measurement index that balancedly measures performance of B2B electronic commerce. The deductive research is used for the development of measurement index items and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method for the development of weight of the index. This paper has four performance measurement perspectives-finance, partners, business process and human resources, which based the existing researches of balanced performance measurement. This researchers developed eleven second level criteria and twenty-six indexes under four perspectives through the deductive method and expert interviews, weighted on the perspectives, criteria and indexes in accordance with the forms of e-marketplace-vertical and horizontal. As a result, the most important indexes are the maintenance of partners and the efficiency of operation process in the vertical e-marketplace. In the horizontal e-marketplace, the collection of partners, development and prediction processes are more important than other indexes.