• Journal of Science Education
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.68-78
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• 2013

Until now, research to integrate art activities and science education have been making steady progress in the field of primary education and early childhood education that are directly involved in the art education of students. However, some science educators were interested in visualizing the artifacts by using design principles and experimental results through STEAM education. So, when conducting lessons for integrating science education with art activities, research is needed on the changing of the students' ability. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of science experiments in collaboration with art activities for students' self-directed learning skills and creative personality in elementary school. This study was applied to 30 students(16 male, 14 female) of 4th grade in Changwon C elementary school. The teaching materials of this study was extracted some of the experiments from the 2007 revised national curriculum in elementary science textbook and 'Teachers for Exciting Science'. Experimental treatment was performed over a total of 10 class 5 subjects and a pre-post test was conducted through G-TAGAS. As a result, science experiments in collaboration with art activities have improved significantly students' self-directed learning skills and creative personality.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.923-932
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• 1997

This study was done to analyze research trends and to suggest future perspectives for nursing research on meditation. The author reviewed 41 foreign research papers which had been published in the Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology(JCC) between 1966 and 1986, The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology(JTP) between 1967 and 1987, and The Journal of Counseling Psychology (JCP) between 1965 and 1994. The analysis of the studies focused on the concept of meditation, the type of study design, type of research subjects, type of meditation, the results of study, and the applied type of counseling and psychotherapy. The results of the study are summarized as follows : (1) When the study designs were analyzed six categories were identified (Literature reviews, Experiments, Surveys, Comparative study, Qualitative study, Others), and the majority of the studies were found to be Literature reviews (36.6%), or Experimental studies(39%), The number of studies on meditation has increased since the 1970's. (2) Most studies approached meditation with Zen and Yoga(72.5%) which were called concepts of Indian meditation from 1970's to the later of 1980's. TM(Transcendental Meditation) was used in the 1970's. (3) On the type of meditation, most studies used Zen meditation which was called a method of Buddhistic meditation(43.9%). (4) On the studies of meditation effect, most were about psychological changes(48.5%), and psychological changes and physiological changes(37.1%). (5) On the types of the study subjects it was found that 15 studies dealt with literature, nine studies investigated college students, and eight studies investigated the meditator. (6) Most of study showed the results of the meditation effect to be positive (80%). On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made : (1) It's necessary to do a reliable and variable analysis of research trends on meditation. (2) There is a need to study the effects of meditation in order to clarify meditation application in counseling.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.911-923
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• 1995

The zone of expansion and contraction of arm surfaces was analyzed, the correlation between arm surface changes was studied, and ergonomic sleeve designs were presented in which the consideration of body surface changes is emphasized. Experiments were carried out which include 43 upper extremity segments, 21 motions and 35 female subjects. The major conclusions of the study are as follows : 1. As a sleeve drafting method, detailed measures should be applied on the base of the sensitivity of body surface changes. The range of arm surface changes can be divided into three zones : concentrated expansion zone, zone of little change, and contraction part. The maximum expansion zone was the upper part of elbow. 2. The correlations were higher in lengths than in circumferences. Arm lengths were mainly correlated with upper arms. The more detailed the arm surface was, the lower the correlations between surface changes were. So there was not a lot of relation between segment changes. Tendency of body surface changes depended on the anatomical structure of the upper extremity and the movements of arm muscles. 3. As an application of measures and ease, ergonomic sleeve designs weve presented in which arm surface changes were considered. Ergonomic sleeve designs are recommended for working clothes and sports wear.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.11B no.7 s.96
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• pp.793-802
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• 2004

Users in 3D virtual environment get limited information which contains mostly images. It is the main reason for users getting lost during their Navigation. Various studies of Navigation-Aid have been done in order to solve this problem. In this study, we applied Topic Maps, which is one of semantic Web techniques, to the navigation in a 3D virtual environment. Topic Maps construct semantic linking maps through defining the relations between topics. Experiments in which Topic Map based Navigation-Aid was applied have shown that the Navigation-Aid was effective when the subjects find a detailed target rather than a highly represented one. Also, offering information around the target helped the users to find the target when they navigated without having specific targets.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.44-60
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of domestic single-subject research related to the participation of students with intellectual disabilities in classes. Methods : We investigated a total of five papers to determine the features and qualitative levels of the papers being analyzed. Results : A total of 12 subjects were studied, and experiments were conducted at all stages. All research used a multiple baseline design. The independent variables were the positive behavior support approach (2), the strength-oriented activities approach, the self-decision teaching and learning model approach, and the self-monitoring approach. As a dependent variables, there were four pieces set up exclusively for class participation behavior, and one that was set up mixed with class interruptions behaviors. The qualitative level of the studies to be analyzed was 100% of the high level. Conclusion : Through this study, single-subject studies that applied interventions related to participation in class for intellectual disabilities in elementary schools have confirmed that effective interventions were applied and that the quality levels were reliable.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.221-241
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• 2018

Previous works have observed that persons who have experienced social exclusion have lower perceptions of body temperature and environmental temperature, and seek physical warmth such as warm drinks and warm water shower. The present study aimed to expand the results of these previous works to the dimensions of color emotions or color symbols. Hence, four experiments were conducted in which pictures of people with warm or cold colors applied to them were shown to the subjects, who were asked to evaluate the people in the pictures to determine whether their preferences changed depending on their perception of social exclusion. The results showed that the subjects with perceived social exclusion had stronger preferences for people in warm colors over those in cold colors, but the subjects without perceived social exclusion had no differences in their preferences for the people in the two types of colors. This study is significant in that it expanded the compensation hypothesis, which states that people try to compensate their psychological loss by pursuing external goals from the physical dimension to the emotional and symbolic dimensions. Furthermore, this study has implications in that it proposes the need for warm emotions in places where people who have experienced social exclusion are treated, such as psychological counseling centers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.353-363
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• 2018

According to the Digi Capital forecast, the global augmented reality market is expected to grow rapidly by 2020 to reach 150 billion dollars. In particular, high value added effects are expected in education. As ICT advances, digital textbooks are also leading innovative education by adding interactive functions. Advanced countries, including the U.S., are already using digital textbooks that use augmented reality technology in their classes. In line with this technological outlook, the ministry proposed a design plan that applies augmented reality technology to middle school science 1 digital textbooks. A study on middle school science 1 digital textbooks showed that each unit provided short videos. In addition, an investigation into the augmented reality class case showed that it was difficult to establish experimental equipment, lack of equipment (devices), and 3D design contents that did not continue despite the excellence of learning effects. Based on this demand, we designed an augmented reality scenario and system configuration to be applied to the instrument-specific experiments of middle school science 1 digital textbooks to explore and explore the contents of augmented reality by students. This research will replace the dangerous experiments and time consuming experiments for teachers and students by applying augmented reality to science subjects that are essential for the development of digital textbooks.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2013

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a painful condition that arises from exercise-induced muscle damage after unaccustomed physical activities. Various therapeutic interventions have been applied to reduce the intensity and duration of DOMS-related symptoms. Recently, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) intervention has been introduced as an alternative noninvasive treatment for DOMS. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment was conducted to examine the effects of PEMF therapy on DOMS in elbow flexors at 24, 48, and 72 hours after the experimental DOMS induction. Thirty healthy volunteers ($23{\pm}2.4$ yrs, $175{\pm}5.7$ cm, and $74{\pm}7.8$ kg) participated in this study. Each was randomly assigned to a PEMF or placebo group. On the first day, DOMS was induced in the elbow flexors by repeated isokinetic motions at low ($60^{\circ}/s$) and fast ($120^{\circ}/s$) speeds in all subjects. Thereafter, the PEMF group received 15-min daily treatment with a PEMF device. The placebo group received sham treatment of the same duration. Overall, PEMF application was more effective than the sham treatment in reducing the physiological symptoms associated with the DOMS including perceived soreness, median frequency, and electromechanical delay of the surface electromyography. In addition, median frequency and isokinetic peak torque of the PEMF group recovered to the pre-DOMS induction level earlier than the placebo group. In conclusion, this study suggests that PEMF can be applied as a new recovery strategy in reducing DOMS symptoms. Further experiments are required to examine the effect of the PEMF treatment on different types of exercise conditions and to determine the optimal treatment dosage and duration in a real clinical setting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to assess the usefulness of IR to compensate for uncertainties in inserting high density artificial objects in radiation treatment planning in the 3D-CRT treatment technique. CT images of the subjects with phantom and titanium inserted were obtained from images without IR and images with IR, and the dose evaluation factors HI, MU and volume evaluation factors Volume and PCI were compared. The results of the stainless steel and titanium phantom experiments showed that the volume of high density artificial material was reduced by 4.850% and 11.456% respectively when applying IR. MU decreased 0.924% and 1.181%. HI was down 0.106% and 0.272%. PCI decreased 0.358% and 0.867%. When IR was applied to CT images of subjects with vertebroplasty, Femur alignment pin and wrist alignment pin, the volume of artifacts decreased by 47.76%, 23.841%, and 49.339%. MU also decreased 0.924%, 0.294% and 1.675%, while HI decreased 1.232%, 0.412% and 1.695%. PCI decreases 4.022%, 0.512%, and 13.472%. In conclusion, When IR was applied to 3D-CRT treatment plan, both dose and volume in phantom and subject case with high density artificial insert were reduced.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.163-188
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• 2010

This study set out to develop and evaluate an educational program for the Clothing Life of Home Economics through the theme-based integrated approach develop integrated thinking abilities for solving everyday problems. For those purposes, it selected a couple of themes in the area of Clothing Life toward which the theme-based integrated approach could be develop and evaluate an educational program. The developed program was applied and assessed in total 28 hours of field lessons given to eighth graders attending B Middle School in Busan Metropolitan City. The analysis stage involved an exploration into programs related to an integrated approach to other subjects; the design stage identification of program types; and the development stage theme selection according to the selection criteria. The previous studies were analyzed along with the Technology and Home Economics textbooks to select a theme. two themes "Clothing Management" and "Fabrics(Materials)" were selected after discussing with the students on the Messenger and with a group of experts. Then content was organized and composed around the themes by discussing connections with other subjects. There were three evaluation; one by experts, another through preliminary lessons, and the other through field lessons. Following the research procedure, a theme-based integrated program was developed for the two selected themes. It contained total 49 and 32 learning materials for "Clothing Management" and "Fabrics(Materials)," respectively. Those learning materials were comprised of experiments and practices according to the nature of the themes. Each program consisted of the goals, learning content, content organization chart, learning activities, and evaluation; learning activities experiences, practice and experiment activities, self-directed activities and problem-solving processes; and evaluations self-evaluation, teacher evaluation, peer evaluation, portfolio, and experiment reports. The program was assessed three times. The first and second evaluation results found that the program was well compatible with the current needs, was properly organized to give lessons through integration with other subjects, and continuously maintained the students' interest. They, however, requested that there should be detailed explanations about each part of the program content. In the third evaluation done by the students during field lessons, 60% of them said that the program was fun and its content was easy to understand, that they realized a theme could be connected to several other subjects, and that the program could be applied to actual life. The educational program through the theme-based integrated approach is significant in that it is an educational program for the area of Clothing Life and tries an integrated approach. It helped the students not only gather knowledge in an integrated manner, but put it to practical uses to solve various problems they faced in actual life by creatively changing integrated knowledge. The study will be hopefully used by many teachers so that the students solve problems based on the ability of integrating various knowledges organically.