• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.165-170
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• 2008

Protein-energy malnutrition is regarded as one of the public health problems in developing countries as a result of poor feeding practices due to poverty. This study, therefore, aimed at evaluating nutritional quality of a potential weaning food formulated from locally available food materials. The cooking banana fruit(CB) and bambara groundnut seeds(BG) were purchased from local market in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The CB and BG were processed into flours, mixed in ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40 and subjected into proximate, sensory and biochemical analyses using standard procedures. Nutrend(a commercial formula) and ogi(corn gruel, a traditional weaning food) were used as control. The nutritient composition(g/100 g) of the food samples were ranged as follows: moisture 2.94-6.94, protein 7.02-16.0, ash 1.76-2.99, fat 0.76-8.45, fibre 1.52-3.75, carbohydrate 63.84-88.43 and energy 1569.8-1665.7 kcal. The biological value(BV), net protein retention(NPR), protein efficiency ratio(PER) and feed efficiency ratio(FER) of the experimental food samples were significantly(p<0.05) lower than nutrend, but higher than ogi. The haematological variables of rats fed with formulated food samples, commercial formula(nutrend) and traditional weaning food(ogi) were not significantly(p>0.05) influenced by the dietary treatment. However, the values obtained for red blood cell(RBC), white blood cell(WBC), pack cell volume(PCV) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) were higher in the experimental food samples than the commercial food. The growth rate of animals fed with experimental food samples were lower than those fed with the nutrend, but higher than those fed with ogi. In conclusion, the nutritional quality of CB and fermented BG mix of 60:40 ratio was better than ogi; and comparable to the nutrend. This implies that it can be used to replace low quality traditional weaning food and the expensive commercial weaning formula.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.413-421
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• 2002

This study sought to understand the mechanical behavior according to the shape of the connecting part of the hybrid beam. This part is composed of central steel. with the end reinforced by concrete in the experiment of cyclic loading. The experimental result was compared and verified with the ultimate strength formula. Likewise, the composite effect and the effectiveness of seismic capacity and stress transmission were examined. The types of each setup were as follows: main bars by welding type, reinforcing by end-plate type, reinforcing by shear connector type, and shear connector type. Results showed that the reinforcing by end-plate type and the shear connector type had excellent strength and seismic capacity as well as better stress transmission. This was due to the unity between reinforced concrete and the steel's connecting part. However, the experimental result was somehow different from the previously established ultimate strength formula. Thus, a definite ultimate strength formula is required.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate safety, gastrointestinal tolerance, and growth of a new experimental starter formula (NESF) fortified with lutein, prebiotics, probiotics, nucleotides and beta-carotene, fed to infants within the first months of life. Methods: This was a non-randomized, open, uncontrolled study conducted from December 2010 to May 2011. Twenty-three healthy infants aged 10 days to 2 months old were enrolled. Outcomes included gastrointestinal tolerance, physical growth and safety. Prior to the initiation of the trial, the Scientific Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences confirmed that the NESF met all safety and nutritional parameters. Results: NESF was well tolerated. The majority of infants fed this formula passed semi-liquid, yellow or yellow-brown. The mean stool frequency/day was $2.5{\pm}0.4$ on study-day 14 and $1.8{\pm}0.5$ on study-day 28. The mean daily weight gain was $30.9{\pm}3.8$ grams and the mean length gain during the 28 days of follow up was $3.1{\pm}0.8cm$, corresponding to the average physical growth normally seen in the first months of life in Russian infants. Six children left the study: one refused to drink the formula, one left the study as parents changed residence; and one child's parents have recalled their informed consent due to adverse event unrelated to the product. Three infants presented adverse events possibly related to the product (rash; colic and abdominal pain; constipation). Seventeen infants completed the trial. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that lutein-fortified formula is safe, well-tolerated and supported physical growth of evaluated infants.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.336-342
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• 2010

Obesity-induced disorders contribute to the development of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, fatty liver diseases, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we evaluated the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of aloe formula in high fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6N mice. Male mice fed HFD for 28 weeks received a supplement of aloe formula, PAG, ALS, Aloe QDM, and an Aloe QDM complex for a further 8 weeks and were then compared with regular diet fed mice. After the experimental period, the blood glucose levels of the Aloe QDM complex-and PGZ-supplemented mice were significantly lower than those of the HFD-fed mice. Aloe formula, especially the Aloe QDM complex, and the PGZ treatment group profoundly affected the IPGTT and HOMA-IR. Immunochemistry was done for the morphological observation and the resulting sizes of adipocytes around the epididymis were significantly decreased when comparing the aloe formula-treated and HFD-fed groups. Further, aloe formula decreased mRNA expression of fatty acid synthesis enzymes and led to reduced hepatic steatosis in both liver and WAT. These results suggest that supplementation of Aloe QDM complex in the HFD-fed mice improved insulin resistance by lowering blood glucose levels and reducing adipocytes. Our data suggest that dietary aloe formula reduces obesity-induced glucose tolerance by suppressing fatty acid synthesis in the WAT and liver, both of which are important peripheral tissues affecting insulin resistance. The Aloe QDM complex could be used as a nutritional intervention against T2D.

• Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 2018

Objectives. The age-based Cole formula has been employed for the estimation of endotracheal tube (ETT) size due to its ease of use, but may not appropriately consider growth rates among children. Child growth is assessed by calculating the body surface area (BSA). The association between the outer diameter of an appropriate uncuffed-endotracheal-tube (ETT-OD) and the BSA values of patients at 24-96 months of age was our primary outcome. Methods. Cole formula, BSA, age, height, weight and ultrasound measurement of subglottic-transverse-diameter were evaluated for correlations with correct uncuffed ETT-OD. The Cole formula, BSA, and ultrasound measurements were analyzed for estimation rates in all patients and age subgroups. The maximum allowed error for the estimation of ETT-OD was ${\leq}0.3mm$. Patients' tracheas were intubated with tubes chosen by Cole formula and correct ETT-OD values were determined using leak test. ETT exchange rates were recorded. Results. One-hundred twenty-seven patients were analyzed for the determination of estimation rates. Thirteen patients aged ${\geq}72months$ were intubated with cuffed ETT-OD of 8.4 mm and were accepted to need uncuffed ETT-OD >8.4 mm in order to be included in estimation rates, but excluded from correlations for size analysis. One-hundred fourteen patients were analyzed for correlations between correct ETT-OD (determined by the leak test) and outcome parameters. Cole formula, ultrasonography, and BSA had similar correct estimation rates. All three parameters had higher underestimation rates as age increased. Conclusion. The Cole formula, BSA, and ultrasonography had similar estimation rates in patients aged ${\geq}24$ to ${\leq}96months$. BSA had a correct estimation rate of 40.2% and may not be reliable in clinical practice to predict uncuffed-ETT-size.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.407-413
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• 2022

In this study, the empirical formula for evaluating cable tension based on long-term measurement for about 3 years according to temperature change was proposed by proving the correlation between the expansion joint displacement of the upper road bridge and the cable tension of the lower railway bridge. The tension prediction results using the empirical formula for tension evaluation each cables proposed in this study were found to be in good agreement with the cable tension using the vibration method within 3%. Therefore, it was analyzed that it could be applied together with the vibration method that was an experimental technique, to predict and evaluate the cable tension in serviced railway steel composite bridge. As a result of applying the estimated temperature calculated by the empirical formula for expansion proposed in this study to the empirical formula, it was analyzed that a high level of reliability could be secured when compared with the vibration method. Therefore, it is judged that the empirical formula for cable tension evaluation reflecting the estimated temperature proposed in this study can be used to predict the tension of cables according to climate change in the future and establish a maintenance plan.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.21-31
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• 2022

Objectives : The Gyotae-hwan formula has traditionally been applied to conditions of fearful throbbing[怔忡] and insomnia due to disharmony of the Heart and Kidney, of which experimental and clinical research has been carried out while those on its pathological mechanism and constituent compatibility have been inadequate. Methods : Pathological mechanism and constituent compatibility of the Gyotae-hwan formula as listed in the 『Comprehensive Medicine According to Master Han』(韓氏醫通) and the『Simple Recipes for Four Disciplines』(四科簡效方) were analyzed. Findings from recent researches searched using the keywords '交泰丸' and '교태환' in the OASIS and CNKI databases were referenced as well. Results : The Gyo-tae hwan was first mentioned in the text 『Comprehensive Medicine According to Master Han』by Mao Han in terms of constituent medicinals and application while measurements and name of formula were not listed while the concept of harmony between the Heart and Kidney was mentioned. In the『Simple Recipes for Four Discipline s』 written by Shixiong Wang, measurements of constituent medicinals, usages and name of formula were finally mentioned, along with its efficacy to treat fearful throbbing and insomnia due to disharmony between the Heart and the Kidney. Conclusions : In conclusion, the Gyo-tae hwan uses Coptidis Rhizoma as chief herb and Cinnamomi Cortex as assistant herb to change the state of disharmony between the Heart and Kidney to a harmonious state, treating insomnia and fearful throbbing.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

Purpose : To compare the skin damage recovery efficacy of natural Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract (N-AGR) and cultivated A. Gigantis Radix extract (C-AGR). Through this, we confirmed whether the quality standards of herbal medicines recorded in the classic books make a difference in the experimental efficacy using epithelial cells. Methods : The quality standards of medicinal herbs in the classic books and the cultivation and processing conditions of two types of A. gigas were compared. After inducing oxidative stress with H₂O₂, cytoprotective property of N-AGR and C-AGR were evaluated through cell viability. Additionally, after wound formation of epithelial JB6 cells, N-AGR and C-AGR were treated to evaluate wound healing efficacy. Result : The natural A, gigas met the excellent quality standards of the classic books. N-AGR inhibited cell death by oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂, and was superior to C-AGR. Both N-AGR and C-AGR showed dose-dependent wound healing efficacy, but N-AGR was significantly superior to C-AGR. Conclusions : Through the oxidative stress of skin and skin wound healing efficacy experiments using epithelial cells, natural A. gigas showed superior efficacy compared to cultivated A. gigas.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.123-140
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• 2003

The importance of the research on moment-resistant properties of unstiffened tubular joints and the research background are introduced. The performed experimental research on the bending rigidity and capacity of the joints is reported. The emphasis is put on the discussion of the flexural behavior of the joints including sets of geometrical parameters of the joints and several loading combinations. Procedures and results of loading tests on four full size joints in planar KK and X configuration are described in details at first. Mechanical models are proposed to analyze the joint specimens. Three-dimensional nonlinear FE models are established and verified with the experimental results. By comparing the experimental data with the results of the analysis, it is reported reasonable to carry out the structural analysis under the assumption that the joint is fully rigidly connected, and their bending capacities can assure the strength of the members connected under certain limitation. Furthermore, a parametric formula for inplane bengding rigidity of T and Y type tubular joints is proposed on the basis of FE calculation and regression analysis. Compared with test results, it is shown that the parametric formula developed in this paper has good applicability.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.833-852
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• 2015

Self-compacting Concrete Filled steel Tubes (SCFT), which combines the advantages of steel and concrete materials, can be applied to strengthen the RC columns. In order to investigate the eccentric loading behavior of the strengthened columns, this paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation on them. The experimental results showed that the use of SCFT is interesting since the ductility and the bearing capacity of the RC columns are greatly improved. And the performance of strengthened columns is significantly affected by four parameters: column section type (circular and square), wall thickness of the steel tube, designed strength grade of strengthening concrete and initial eccentricity. In the numerical program, a generic fiber element model which takes in account the effect of confinement is developed to predict the behavior of the strengthened columns subjected to eccentric loading. After the fiber element analysis was verified against experimental results, a simple design formula based on the model is proposed to calculate the ultimate eccentric strength. Calibration of the calculated results against the test results shows that the design formula closely estimates the ultimate capacities of the eccentrically compressed strengthened columns by 5%.