• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.522-526
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• 2015

Generally, underwater unmanned vehicle have adopted an inertial navigation system (INS), dead reckoning (DR), acoustic navigation and geophysical navigation techniques as the navigation method because GPS does not work in deep underwater environment. Even if the tactical inertial sensor can provide very detail measurement during long operation time, it is not suitable to use the tactical inertial sensor for small size and low cost UUV because the tactical inertial sensor is expensive and large. One alternative to INS is attitude heading reference system (AHRS) with the micro-machined electro mechanical system (MEMS) inertial sensor because of MEMS inertial sensor's small size and low power requirement. A cost effective and small size attitude heading reference system (AHRS) which incorporates measurements from 3-axis micro-machined electro mechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes, accelerometers, and 3-axis magnetometers has been developed to provide a complete attitude solution for UUV. The AHRS based MEMS overcome many problems that have inhibited the adoption of inertial system for small UUV such as cost, size and power consumption. Several evaluation experiments were carried out for the validation of the developed AHRS's function and these experiments results are presented. Experiments results prove the fact that the developed MEMS AHRS satisfied the required specification.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.222-231
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• 2016

This paper proposes a new method achieving computationally efficient attitude reference system for low cost strapdown sensors and microprocessor platform. The main idea in this method is to define and compare velocity differential vectors, geometrically computed from INS and GPS data with different update rate, for generating attitude error measurements which is further used for filter construction. A quaternion based Kalman filter configuration is applied for the attitude estimation with the adapted measurement model of differential vector comparison. Linearized model for Extended Kalman Filter and low pass filtered characteristics of measurement greatly extend the affordability of the proposed algorithm to the field of simple low cost embedded systems. For performance verification, experiment are done employing a practical low cost MEMS IMU and GPS receiver specification. Performance comparison with a high grade navigation system demonstrated good estimation result.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.206-217
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• 2015

The purpose on this study is to identify how effectively experiential learning involving eco-activities make changes in environmental literacy and scientific attitude of elementary students by categorizing those activities into 5 fields of "marine", "rivers", "ecosystem", "climate" and "recycling" and applying those scheme specifically to 5th graders in a elementary school. The conclusion of this study is following. Firstly, after scientific attitude are applied to subjects, a significant disparity was found between experiment group and control group throughout all parts of environmental literacy. In the cognitive category, each specialist concerning his or her own topic was invited to educate the students, and subsequently a positive impact was detected in the category of environmental issue knowledge. In behavioral category, having eco-activities made a significant disparity in all sub-categories of environmental function, active participation, saving activities, recycling activities and so forth. Secondly, experiential learning involving eco-activities made a significant disparity between the two groups in terms of Scientific Attitude, showing effectiveness in all sub-categories except curiosity.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.224-243
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of constructivist instruction applying cooperative learning skill on science academic achievement, science inquiry ability, self-regulated learning, and science related attitude. The subjects of the study were 157 2nd grade junior high school students in Pusan. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, experiment and control group. Two groups received 14 sessions training for about 1 month which was done by researcher. The experiment group received constructivist science instruction and the control group received teacher-centered instruction. Constructivist science instruction applying cooperative learning skill consists of five phases: problem recognition, hypothesis establishment, experiment observation, clarification, and application phases. The results of this study are as follows: Constructivist science instruction applying cooperative learning skill had a significant effect on science academic achievement, self-regulated learning and science attitude improvement of middle school students but had no significant improvement of science inquiry ability. And constructivist science instruction had an effect on science academic achievement improvement of the students having high level science inquiry ability. Research suggestions and implications for teaching are discussed.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.118-129
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how effective the existing sex education programs and letter to parents from school were for their know ledge and attitudes towards sex of the middle school students. Methods: Subjects were selected from first grade students in a middle school from May 30 through July 19, 2005. The subjects were divided into three groups of 70 students each, two experiment groups and one control group. The study was conducted by nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The information letter from school to parents was made into four editions on double-sided A4 size paper and was handed out to students during weekly meeting. Both the students and their parents were required to read it and the parents were told to sign the papers. The sex education program applied in this study was recomposed based on the programs which were previously made by Sun Hee Park(2004) and Eun Ja Jung(2000). Content provided in the sex education program is identical to the one's in the information letter to parents. Experimental group 1 was required to read the four information letters to parents for two weeks, together with their parents. Group 2 experienced the sex education program four times in two weeks of time. The above two experimental groups and the control group were assessed on their knowledge and attitude towards sex twice, before and after the experiment. Results: There were significant differences in sexual knowledge about sex between the three subject groups and such data supports the first hypothesis. There was significant difference in attitude towards sex between the three subject groups and such data support the second hypothesis. Conclusion: According to the experiment results, both the information letter to parents and programs about sex education were effective for the middle school students. Yet, teaching students with the program format was more successful than handout formats. However, using information letters to parents to educate students does not waste any school hours, so if school nurses can provide the students more papers, the educational effect will be greater.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.119-135
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of the product display type on the consumers' purchase intention, attitude toward store, and revisit intention in the various mobile shopping situations. To test the hypothesis, between-subjects experiment with 3 mobile shopping situations (outdoor place, public transportation, commercial facilities) by 3 product display types (search, category, product) was conducted, and analyzed with ANCOVA (analysis of covariance). The result of the experiment shows there are no main effects of the mobile shopping situations and the product display types, but the interaction effects of the product display type and the mobile shopping situation on the purchase intention and the revisit intention are statistically significant. However the attitude toward the store is not affected by the treatments. Experiment results suggest that the positive consumer responses in terms of the purchase and revisit intention can be achieved when the product display is matched with the situation in the mobile shopping setting. Controlling consumers' evaluation on the product information and their experience of online shopping, we can take these effect as the results of match-up between the product display type and the situational factors surrounding mobile shopping. The result provides strong support for the location-based service in mobile shopping. Most of the mobile device can utilize the consumers' location which can be easily interpreted as the situational factors. With regard of the level of the external stimulation, the shopping service providers can offer the main interface with the right match with the consumers' situations. When the external stimulation level is high, they should provide the category display or product display in the target promotion in their mobile shopping apps. However if the target is on the way with the low external stimulation level, they should provide the search format as the main interface in their apps. More interestingly, this kind of manipulation does not affect the consumers' attitude toward the store according to our research result. Future research direction is discussed.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.131-148
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• 2016

본 연구는 초등학교 5학년 영재학급 학생들(8명)이 패턴의 일반화 과제를 해결함에 있어 귀납 추론으로 일반식은 추측하였으나 그에 대한 형식적 정당화로 이행하는 과정에서 겪는 어려움을 분석하고 그 해결을 돕기 위한 교사 발문의 역할 모색과 발문 기법 제안을 목적으로 하였다. 학생들의 형식적 정당화를 돕기 위한 교사 발문 목록들을 3차에 걸친 현장 적용을 통해 확인한 결과, 초등학교 영재학급 학생들은 형식적 정당화로 이행을 할 때 정당화를 시도해야하는 이유, 연역적 탐구에 대한 인식 부족, 유연한 탐구 방법에 대한 심리적 저항감으로 인해 어려움을 겪었다. 면담 분석 결과 학생들이 정당화의 필요성과 귀납적 탐구 결과의 한계를 체감할 수 있도록 교사가 태도면에서 출발하여 방법면과 내용면으로 구체화해갈 수 있도록 체계적인 발문을 준비하는 것이 중요함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이에 따라 내용면에서의 4가지와 절차면에서의 3가지 발문 기법을 제안하면서 논의를 바탕으로 발문 일람표와 그 흐름도를 제시하고 교사 발문의 역할이 주는 교육적 시사점을 논의하였다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of internet resource-based problem-based learning on the academic achievement in science and the attitude toward science of elementary school students. One experiment class and one control class of grade 6 students were selected to perform a prior investigation on the academic achievement in science and the attitude toward science, then the experiment class attended 4 weeks of lessons that was applied the internet resource-based problem-based learning, and the control class attended the traditional lessons based on the guidelines of teachers. After conducting lessons, a post investigation was performed for each class and the results were analyzed to produce the following conclusions. First, the internet resource-based problem-based learning could be seen to be effective in improving the students' academic achievements in science. The internet resource-based problem-based learning seemed to make students recognize the lesson details better and grasp well the questions given during lessons from the process of finding solutions among many informations and data on the internet. Second, the internet resource-based problem-based learning had a positive effect on all attitudes' areas toward science of students. It looked like that the internet resource-based problem-based learning taught the students to use the internet resources and gave them a friendly feeling, so the children could actively participate in class and had positive recognition on science. Third, from teacher observation and the result of the student recognition investigation, we could know that the students showed lots of interests in the internet resource-based problem-based learning, and they were able to understand the scientific theories in the process of solving problems that were relevant to real life, and thought science in a positive way.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.417-433
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• 2013

이 연구는 우리나라의 학생들이 과학을 어려워하고, 과학에 흥미가 없으며, PISA 평가에서도 과학적 소양이 하락하고 있는 현실을 개선하고자 과학교과를 중심으로 한 STEAM 활동이 초등학생들의 과학탐구능력 및 과학에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 경기도 소재 초등학교 6학년 실험집단 31명(남자 15, 여자 16), 비교집단 31명(남자 17, 여자 14)의 두 집단을 선정하고, 창의적 설계, 감성적 체험, 내용 통합을 고려하여 STEAM 프로그램을 개발하였다. 또한, 사전-사후 실험설계를 통하여 과학탐구능력(TSPS 검사지)과 과학에 대한 태도(과학과 관련된 정의적 영역 평가지)를 검사하였다. 과학탐구능력의 경우 사전검사에서 실험집단이 16.77, 비교집단이 17.81로 비교집단의 평균 점수가 높았으나, 사후검사에서 실험집단이 20.48, 비교집단이 18.00으로 실험집단의 점수가 더 높았으며, 유의미한 수준에서 실험집단의 과학탐구능력이 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다(p<.05). 과학에 대한 태도의 경우 사전검사에서 실험집단이 3.13, 비교집단이 3.43 이었으나, 사후검사에서 실험집단이 3.50, 비교집단이 3.33으로 실험집단의 점수가 더 높았으며, 유의미한 수준에서 실험집단의 과학에 대한 태도가 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다(p<.001). 또한, STEAM 활동에 대한 학생들의 인식 조사를 통하여 STEAM 프로그램을 적용한 실험집단의 학생들이 STEAM을 긍정적으로 인식하고 있다는 설문 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 결론적으로, STEAM 활동이 초등학교 학생들의 과학탐구능력 향상 및 과학에 대한 태도 개선에 효과가 있고, 학생들은 STEAM 활동을 긍정적으로 인식하고 있다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.805-812
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• 2009

The consumer acceptance of food is not only affected by the sensory characteristics of food but also by the non-food factors, including food experience, consumption frequency, and food attitudes. Therefore, food attitude scales such as the food neophobic scale, VARSEEK scale, Dutch restrained eating scale, health taste attitude scale, etc. have been developed and effectively used to predict consumer liking and behaviors. Since the globalization of Korean food is currently one of the hottest topics in the Korean food industry, the aim of this study was to identify the tastes and flavors that may represent Korean cuisine. Additionally, an attitudinal scale for Korean taste and flavors was developed, which can then be utilized to predict a consumer's liking of Korean food. In the first stage of the experiment, the representative taste and flavors of Korean cuisine was surveyed by a Korean culinary expert group (n=23) and general consumers (n=62). As a result of these surveys, 4 types of flavors, hot pepper flavor, 'goso' flavor, garlic flavor, and fermented flavor were shown to be the most representative flavors of Korean cuisine. Based on these results, the second stage of the experiment was carried out to develop an attitudinal scale for Korean style flavors. Eleven to 17 questionnaires were developed for each of the 4 types of flavors. The survey consisted of a total of 53 questionnaires and 154 female consumers and 158 male consumers participated in the survey. The data was analyzed by factor analysis. For each type of flavor, the final attitudinal questionnaires were selected based on the following criteria: 1. high absolute factor loading value, 2. carrying clear meaning of the corresponding flavor attitude, and 3. delivering the meaning sufficiently when translated into other language. The final Korean style flavor attitude scale consisted of 7 hot pepper flavor, 6 'goso' flavor, 6 garlic flavor, and 7 fermented flavor questionnaires. In the next step of this study, experiments will be carried out to validate the Korean style flavor attitude scale.