• 제목/요약/키워드: Expected values

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퍼지수치 확률변수의 쇼케이 기댓값과 그 응용 (Choquet expected values of fuzzy number-valued random variables and their applications)

  • Lee, Chae-Jang;Kim, Tae-Kyun
    • 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 학술발표 논문집 제14권 제1호
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    • pp.394-397
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    • 2004
  • In this paper, we consider interval number-valued random variables and fuzzy number-valued random variables and discuss Choquet integrals of them. Using these properties, we define the Choquet expected value of fuzzy number-valued random variables which is a natural generalization of the Lebesgue expected value of Lebesgue expected value of fuzzy random variables. Furthermore, we discuss some application of them.

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Quantiles for Shapiro-Francia W' Statistic

  • Rahman, Mezbahur;Ali, Mir Masoom
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 1999
  • Table of the empirical quantiles for the well known Shapiro-Francia W' goodness of fit statistic is produced which is more accurate than the existing ones. Prediction equation for the quantiles of W' statistic for sample sizes 30 or more we developed. The process of computing the expected values for the standard normal variate is discussed. This work is intended to make the Shapiro-Francia W' statistic more accessible to the practitioner.

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젊은 성인의 조절 및 이향운동 기능장애 분석을 위한 표준 값 (Expected Values for the Analysis of Accommodation and Vergence Dysfunction of Young Adluts)

  • 박상배
    • 한국안광학회지
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.127-134
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 조절 및 이향운동 기능장애 분석을 위한 표준 값을 알아보기 위해 시행하였다. 방법: 안질환이 없고 현성사시 및 간헐 사시가 없으며 조절 및 이향운동 기능장애가 없는 54명(평균연령 25.3${\pm}$2.7세)을 대상으로 하였다. 객관적 편위각을 기준으로 하여 폭주근점, 원거리 및 근거리 사위량을 측정하였고 이후 AC/A비, 상대조절력 및 이향운동 기능을 측정한 후 이 값들을 Morgan의 표준값과 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 원거리 및 근거리 사위량은 각각 1.24${\pm}$2.72${\Delta}$, 2.70${\pm}$4.91${\Delta}$이었고 렌즈차 이용법에 의한 AC/A비는 3.92${\pm}$2.17${\Delta}$/D로 Morgan의 표준값과 거의 같은 값을 보였다. 원거리 음성융합성폭주량은 동일한 값을 보인반면, 양성융합성폭주량은 Morgan의 표준값에 비해 7${\Delta}$ 높은 값을 보였다. 근거리의 전체 이향운동의 범위는 Morgan 값과 큰 차이를 보이지 않은 반면 원거리의 전체 이향운동의 범위는 양성융합성폭주여력이 상대적으로 더 넓은 범위를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 양성상대조절력은 +0.37D 높은 값이었고, 음성상대조절력은 -0.63D 더 높은 값을 보였다. 결론: 본 연구에 의한 양안시 분석 값들은 Morgan의 표준값이 상당한 근접성 폭주를 포함하고 있을 가능성을 나타낸다. Morgan 표준값과 비교하여 한국인을 대상으로 한 원거리 및 근거리 이향운동량과 근접성 폭주량은, 특히 BO limit 값에서 매우 다른 값을 보이고 있기 때문에 만약 Morgan 값을 한국인의 양안시 분석에 그대로 적용한다면 부정확한 양안시 진단으로 유도될 수도 있다. 본 연구의 측정값은 한국인 정상 젊은 성인의 양안시 분석을 위한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

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열펌프와 잠열축열을 이용한 온실 난방시스템의 열특성과 시뮬레이션 모델개발 (Thermal Energy Characteristics and Simulation Model Development for Greenhouse Heating System with Heat Pump and Latent Heat Storage)

  • 노정근;송현갑
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제26권6호
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    • pp.553-562
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    • 2001
  • The greenhouse heating system with heat pump and latent heat storage was built for development of simulation model and validation. The computer simulation model for the system to predict temperature of air, soil surface and cover film in the greenhouse were developed and its validity was justified by actual data. From the analysis of experimentally measured and the simulation output, following results were obtained. 1. The expected values of inside air temperature for the greenhouse with a heat pump and a latent heat storage system were very much close to the experimental values at the error range of 1.0$\^{C}$. 2. The expected values of soil surface temperature fur the geenhouse with a heat pump and a latent heat storage system were very much close to the experimental values at the error range of 1.0$\^{C}$. 3. The expected values of thermal energy flow fur the greenhouse with a heat pump and a latent heat storage system were very much close to the experimental values at the error range of 167.2kJ/m$^2$h. 4. Heat lass value of day time was found to be larger than that of night time as much as 1.11 time. 5. At day time. the inside air temperature was shown to be higher than the set point of 7.0$\^{C}$. At night time, the inside air temperature was controlled in order to maintain higher temperatures than the set point.

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자치단체 웹사이트의 특성이 사용자 만족과 신뢰에 미치는 영향 (The Influence of Characteristics of Local Government Web-sites on User Satisfaction and Trust)

  • 송주현;박종훈
    • 산업경영시스템학회지
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    • 제42권3호
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    • pp.39-51
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    • 2019
  • This paper is an exploratory study to investigate the influence of characteristics of local government web-sites on user satisfaction and trust. The objective of this research is to identify the characteristics of local government web-sites influencing on user satisfaction and trust, and determine how they affect user satisfaction and trust. From the literature review, we identify four characteristics which are expected to influence on user satisfaction: technical, information, customer-oriented, and work-performing characteristics. In addition, we develop research model that the four characteristics are expected to affect user satisfaction and trust via users' perceived values. The results of the research are as follows. The technical, customer-oriented, and work-performing characteristics significantly affects perceived values, which significantly affected user satisfaction and trust. Perceived value is partially mediated by user satisfaction in affecting user trust. The characteristics of local government web-sites affecting perceived values differed partially by the purpose of visitor. As for the personal goal, the technical, customer-oriented, and work-performing characteristics significantly affect perceived values, with the technical and customer-oriented characteristics having more significant effects. As for the business goal, the technical, information, work-performing characteristics significantly affected perceived values, with information characteristics having more significant effects.

고등학생의 협력적 소비에 대한 교육경험과 기대 혜택이 참여 의도에 미치는 영향 (Effects of High School Student' Educational Experience and Expected Benefits on the Participation Intention of Collaborative Consumption)

  • 정주원;최경숙
    • Human Ecology Research
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    • 제55권4호
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    • pp.351-362
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    • 2017
  • Collaborative consumption (CC) occurs in organized systems or networks in which participants conduct sharing activities in the form of renting, lending, trading, bartering, and swapping of goods, services, transportation solutions, space, or money. Information and communications technologies (ICTs) that have emerged with CC. CC is expected to alleviate social problems such as hyper-consumption, pollution, and poverty by lowering the cost of economic coordination. In this study, we investigate the influence of educational experience and expected benefits of CC participation (intended to using and providing CC) of Adolescent Consumers. The subjects for the study were 418 high school students. Data was analyzed through frequency analysis, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using SPSS Win 21.0. The results of this study are as follows. First, the significant positive relationship found between CC participants (intent to use and provide CC), educational experience (home education, school education, and mass media) and expected benefits (social benefit, economic benefit, enjoyment, community effect, and reputation). Second, enjoyment, mass media, reputation, social benefit, home education and school education values were variables that influenced the using participation intention for CC. Third, the major variables influencing the providing participation intention CC were home education, enjoyment, gender, community effect, and mass media values.

울산시 중소형 아파트 구매예정자의 주거선택행동 예측 모델I (A Study on the expectation model of decision behavior of expected purchasers of the Small/medium size apartments in Ulsan City)

  • 김선중
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제32권5호
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    • pp.229-242
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    • 1994
  • The objective of the study is to know demographic characteristics mobility motivation housing aspiration and housing values of expected purchasers of the small/medium size apartments located at 'H-area' in Ulsan to enhance their level of housing satisfaction through better planning. The result shows that moving motivation housing aspiration and housing values differ as what size respective expected purchasers want. As a regional characteristic the reality-oriented view of housing is apparent in that their interests are focused on the setups or facilities after-service and maintenance and that they think conveniency more important than the edifices' appearance or beauty.

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College Students' Housing Values, Expectations and Considerations for Housing in Their 20s - Centered on Chungbuk Province -

  • Lee, Hyun-Jeong
    • International Journal of Human Ecology
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.71-85
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate Korean college students' housing values and housing expectations as well as considerations for housing in their 20s and to explore influences on housing values and expectations. Items related to four housing functions were developed in conjunction with Maslow's hierarchy of human needs to measure housing values. An on-site questionnaire survey was administered to students of a university-A located in Chungbuk province between May 28, 2012, and June 17, 2012. Among the total 476 responses, 465 responses from Korean students were used for further data analyses. The findings are as follows: (1) Among housing functions, those related to shelter functions were perceived as most important followed by function as a place for self-esteem. (2) More than 70 percent of the respondents expected to rent a housing unit in their 20s and more than half of the respondents expected non-traditional and relatively affordable compact size structure types such as studio, Officetel or Gosiwon. (3) Price, location and transportation were found to be the most important considerations when choosing housing in their 20s. (4) Convenience in use of public transportation and commute time were found to be the most important in location choice, and maintenance conditions and security systems were the most important for building choice. (5) Female respondents tended to consider personal safety, security systems, neighborhood facilities, and distance from family more important than male respondents when choosing housing, while male respondents considered parking space more important than females.

육종가 기반 북방전복(Haliotis discus hannai) 성장형질의 유전적 개량량 추정 (Estimation of Genetic Improvement Based on the Breeding Values of Growth Traits of the Abalone Haliotis discus hannai)

  • 박종원;박철지;이다인;정효선;김혜진;김주란;김우진
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제53권4호
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    • pp.544-550
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    • 2020
  • This study was conducted to estimate the genetic improvements by selection criteria using the genetic parameters and breeding values for population of abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Genetic parameters and breeding values were estimated using all measurement data of growth traits (shell length, shell width and total weight) at 18 and 30 months old after artificial fertilization for 3,029 individuals produced in April 2014. Growth traits all exhibited moderate heritability (0.253-0.354). So it is considered that family selection will be more advantageous than individual selection. It was found that a higher genetic improvement could be expected when selecting the top 10% based on the breeding values of total weight rather than other traits. In particular, a higher genetic improvement could be expected when selecting the top 10% at 30 months old than 18 months old after artificial fertilization. This seems to be because the selection differential and heritability were higher at the 30 months old. Therefore, by estimating genetic parameters and breeding values of a population for production of the next generations by stage of growth, if they are used properly in selection and mating according to the improvement direction, it is considered that more breeding effects can be expected.

SOLVING SYSTEMS OF EQUIVALENTIONS

  • BAN A. I.;BICA A. A.
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • 제20권1_2호
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    • pp.97-118
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    • 2006
  • We obtain a property of distributivity in the equivalence form over LR fuzzy intervals. As an application and main result of the paper, we give a determinant method to solve systems of linear equivalentions. The expected value of the obtained solution is equal to the corresponding solution of the classical system of linear equations considering the expected values as data.