• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.85-99
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to classify individualism-collectivism orientation into groups and analyze the difference of fashion leadership and expected values of appearance management by the groups. Questionnaires were administered to 376 adults in 20's and 30's living in Deagu and Kyungbook area through June 10~June 20, 2013. Frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA, Duncan-test, t-test, and $X^2$-test were used for data analysis. Survey method was used to collect data for this study and the measures such as individualism-collectivism orientation, fashion leadership and expected values of appearance management consisted of 5-point Likerties scale. Individualism-collectivism orientation was categorized into collectivism, competition consciousness, love of family, and individual focus. Fashion leadership were found as opinion leadership, double leader, and innovator. Expected values of appearance management were found as pleasure/individuality, other consciousness, and conformity. This indicates that women showed high opinion leader, double leader, and innovator of fashion leadership and pleasure/individuality, and conformity of expected values of appearance management while men care more about competition consciousness, love of family, and individuality focus of individualism-collectivism orientation. Individualism-collectivism orientation showed significant correlation with the sub-variable of fashion leadership and expected values of appearance management. Individualism-collectivism orientation were classified into three groups such as competition collectivism, individuality, and low individual-collectivism. A test of significance in groups was determined by demographic variables like gender, age, occupancy and monthly income. Groups showed significant difference in fashion leadership and expected values of appearance management.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2024

Solution styrene-butadiene rubber (S-SBR) is used to improve the wet grip and rolling resistance properties of tire treads. As blending of SBRs can improve the physical properties of tire treads, we investigated the effects of SBR type and blending ratio on the physical properties. Twelve SBR/SBR biblend composites were prepared using four SBRs with different microstructures. The glass transition temperature (T_g), tanδ at 0℃ (wet grip predictor), and tanδ at 60℃ (rolling resistance predictor) were obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis, and were compared to the expected values obtained from the results of single SBR samples. Most of the SBR/SBR biblend composites exhibited crosslink densities lower than the expected values. The tanδ values at 0℃ and 60℃ of the SBR/SBR blend composites deviated from the expected values, with many of the deviations being disadvantageous. Of the twelve composites, six samples had higher 0℃ tanδ values than the corresponding expected values, and four exhibited superior wet grip properties to those of the SBR single samples. In addition, two of the twelve samples exhibited improved rolling resistance properties as compared with the single SBR samples. Finally, four samples exhibited lower T_g values than expected, and the T_g of one composite was lower than those of the single SBR samples.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.22-36
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of expected values for appearance management on interest in make-up and cosmetics evaluation criteria. Questionnaires are being administered to 244 college students from the Deagu Metropolitan City and Kyungbook province. The frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis, and t-test are used for data analysis. Expected values of appearance management are categorized into pleasure/satisfaction, other-expectancy, power value and conformity. Interest in make-up factors are found to be leadership in make-up, others-oriented, and appearance satisfactions. Cosmetics evaluation criteria are categorized into 4 factors such as skin suitability, pursuit of utility, non-essential attributes and symbolism. Pleasure/satisfaction, and conformity are the sub-variables of expected values for appearance management and have significant effects on leadership in make-up and others-oriented sub-variables for interest in make-up. Pleasure/satisfaction, and conformity, being the sub-variables of expected values for appearance management, have significant effects on skin suitability, the sub-variables of cosmetics evaluation criteria. And conformity has significant effects on symbolism, the sub-variables of cosmetics evaluation criteria. This indicates that women show high conformity for expected values of appearance management, leadership in make-up and others-oriented sub-variables for interest in make-up, and skin suitability of cosmetics evaluation criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2011

This study compares the expected values of appearance management for the suit buying behavior of men in two age groups: (20s-30s and 40s-50s) to investigate the effect of male consumers' expected values in regards to appearance management on the purchase behavior of men's suits between two generations. A survey was carried out with male consumers between the ages of 20 and 50; a total of 135 responses were analyzed by descriptive analysis, factor analysis, a reliability test, an independent samples t-test, MANOVA, ANOVA, and regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) From a result of the factor analysis on male consumers' expected value of appearance management and the information sources and purchase evaluative criteria for buying men's suits, each of three variance assessments clearly showed factorial structures. 2) There were significant differences between those in their 20s-30s and those in their 40s-50s in terms of male consumers' expected values of appearance management, their information sources, and their purchase evaluative criteria when buying men's suits. 3) As a result of looking at the differences in the effects of expected values of appearance management on men's suit buying behavior according to age (generation), the younger generation in this study showed that men's suit purchasing tendency was affected by the managing appearance factor for internal reasons such as enjoyment and self-satisfaction. On the other hand, the assessment of the older generation revealed that appearance management for external reasons such as showing social power, good human relationships, and conformity influenced their suit purchase behaviors.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2021

This work proposes a simple method to use the added absorption per person values to predict the expected values of the acoustical conditions in occupied classrooms. This method is based on the effects of the values of added absorption per person on the unoccupied total absorption values of the classrooms and on other room acoustical parameters. The total sound absorption in an unoccupied classroom can be calculated from measured reverberation times in the classroom. The expected occupied absorption can be calculated using equation which was obtained in a previous study (Choi, 2017) by fitting a linear regression line to a plot of total occupied absorption versus the corresponding unoccupied total absorption values measured in 12 university classrooms. The ratios of occupied-to-unoccupied sound absorption are used to predict increments in the values of acoustical parameters that result when occupants are added to the rooms.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.456-459
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• 2007

Thermal conductivities (TC) of 57 Jurassic muscovitic granite samples (KIGAM) and 149 porphyritic granite samples (Yeonki: BE-2, BE-3) were measured with LFA-447. Ranges of TC values are $2.429{\sim}3.878$ W/mK (KIGAM), $2.220{\sim}3.767$ W/mK (Yeonki, BE-2) and $2.019{\sim}3.990$ W/mK (Yeonki, BE-3); arithmetic means are 2.924 W/mK (KIGAM), 2.907 W/mK (Yeonki, BE-2), and 2.881 W/mK (Yeonki, BE-3), respectively. In this study, harmonic mean values were calculated to estimate the average value of TC. Harmonic mean values are 2.883 W/mK (KIGAM), 2.886 W/mK (Yeonki, BE-2), and 2.866 W/mK (Yeonki, BE-3), respectively. Heat extraction rates of a borehole heat exchanger strongly depend on TC values. Heat-extraction rates from re values are expected to be a little lower than 84 W/m in all sites. However, considering ground water flow, it is expected that actual heat extraction rate would be higher than the expected value.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.26
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• pp.167-185
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to develop the optimal user/librarian interface in information searching. In order to achive the purpose, the 150 unskilled students as subjects have participated in the study. According to the change of the subjects' psychological information states by the access points within the library system, the subjects have been classified into the five types of model: the initial information state, the accepted identification information state, the bibliographic information state, the stack information state, and the location information state. Librarian's searching support is done for 10 minutes at the each access points. To develop the optimal user/librarian interface, the expected values of the models are calculated. The resultants are as follows: 1) The expected value of the initial information states model is 18.94: 2) The expected value of the accepted identification information model is 27.06: 3) The expected value of the bibliographic information state model is 27.06: 4) The expected value of the stack information state model is 22.38: 5) The expected value of the location information state model is 22.38. Those expected values are compared with each other. The model with the lowest expected value is chosen as the optimal user/librarian interface model. In the result, the user's initial information state model of the optimal user/librarian interface in information searching is developed. In order to search the information with the most effect, user must be interfaced with the librarian at his/her own initial information state.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.143-144
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• 2002

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.31-51
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• 2010

This study investigates changes in family values (attitudes toward marriage, children, and traditional sex roles) and examines how the values influence on their intentions of marriage and expected age at first marriage. A sample consists of 5,984 never married men and women drawn from the 2005 and 2009 National Marriage and Fertility Study. The results show that the endorsement on marriage and children has decreased while endorsement on traditional sex role attitude has increased over the past five years. Those who have higher values on marriage, children, and traditional sex role have a higher likelihood of marriage intention. However, the effects of the family values on marriage intention have weakened during the period. The endorsement on marriage lowers the mean ages of the expected first marriage. Comparing the effects of the family values during the period, this study find that normative aspects of the family values have lower effects, whereas individual aspects of the values have stronger effects over time. These findings suggest that the effects of family values vary across sex, time, and the aspect of the values.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.115-121
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to find out demographic characteristics, motivation to move, housing values, and present housing satisfaction of expected purchasers, so that the results contribute to better planning of the medium size apartments at Guyoung in Ulsan city The field survey on 472 households has been carried out at suburbs of Ulsan. Major findings are as follows : 1) Demographic characteristics, motivation to move, housing values, and present housing satisfaction differ as the size expected purchasers live in at present. 2) To increase the motivation to move to Guyoung, well designed of planning common space, parking area, cultural and welfare facilities is essential. 3) To enhance the satisfaction level, better plan of dinning space and second bathroom is important for the apartments of 20py.s(~$m^2$), and that of family bathroom and utility space for the apartments of 30py.s(~$m^2$).