• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.279-301
• /
• 2001

This study was examined empirically the relationship between exogenous and endogenous variables to use internet shopping malls. Exogenous variables in our model are retrieval simpleness, quality of order treatment, web reputation, update and system quality and endogenous variables are perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and intention of using internet shopping malls. The results of the path analysis are shown as follows. All exogenous variables have a direct effect on perceived ease of use while both retrieval simpleness and update has a direct effect on perceived usefulness. The perceived ease of use has a direct effect on the intention of using internet shopping malls and has a indirect effect on the intention through perceived usefulness. Especially, web reputation among the exogenous variables has the strongest impact on the perceived ease of use and retrieval has the strongest impact on the perceived usefulness.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.47-66
• /
• 2003

This study was examined the relationship between the exogenous and endogenous variables in our model to measure ERP system performance using path analysis. The exogenous variables are system quality, user participation, user training, top management support and self-efficacy, and the endogenous variables are system usage, user satisfaction, and work efficiency. The results of the study are shown as follows. First, all the exogenous variables in our model have a direct effect on user satisfaction, and system quality, training, and self-efficacy have a direct effect on system usage. Second, system usage has a direct effect on user satisfaction and user satisfaction has a direct effect on work efficiency. The findings show that the exogenous variables in the model are important to increase ERP implementation success.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
• /
• 제27권
• /
• pp.291-339
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study is to find personal characteristics that affect users' cognitive characteristics of system, and to verify correlations between this users' cognitive characteristics and selection of system usage in using end -user searching systems (EUSS), For corroborative analysis of this study, preliminary model was constructed referring to Davis' Technology Acceptance Model. The model consists of exogenous variables (personal characteristics) , parameter variables (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use), and effect variables (selection of system usage), When exogenous variables affect parameter variables, exogenous variables are independent variables and parameter variables are dependent variables. In addition, in correlation of parameter variables, which have been affected by exogenous variables, with effect variables, parameter variables are independent variables and effect variables are dependent variables, As for the research methodology, this study regards the Academic Information System connected with the Internet as EUSS, So questionnaires have been sent to researchers in universities who were conducting direct searching for the system. 229 valid responses to questionnaires have been analyzed according to Pearson Correlation Analysis and Stepwise Selection of Multiple Regression in the statistical software packages, 'SPSS PC+'. The findings and conclusions made in this study are summarized as follows; 1. Among the personal characteristics (age, disciplinary, computer literacy level, perceived usefulness of use education and training, perceived satisfaction of end-user searching, perceived satisfaction of system characteristics), all characteristics but age affect perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Specifically, perceived satisfaction of end user searching and perceived satisfaction of system characteristics most affect perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use respectively. 2. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have a direct effect on selection of system usage in using EUSS. 3, Perceived usefulness more affect selection of system usage than perceived ease of use in using EUSS.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.303-313
• /
• 2018

본 논문에서는 약품비 지출에 대한 예측을 수행하기 위하여 시계열 모형을 도입한다. 2012년 약가 일괄인하를 반영하기 위하여 구간별 모형을 토대로, 자기회귀오차모형과 전이함수모형을 고려하였다. 자기회귀오차모형에서는 예측의 편리성을 위하여 결정적 추세만을 고려하였으며, 전이함수모형에서는 주요한 외생변수와의 교차상관성을 이용하여 약품비 지출의 인과 메커니즘을 설명하였다. 각 모형에서 약가 일괄인하 이후 수준 변화가 유의하게 나타났으며, 전이함수모형에서는 의약품 사용자 수 및 노인환자 비중 시계열 변수가 유의하게 나타났다. 자기회귀오차모형은 약가 일괄인하로 의한 약품비 수준이동에 좌우되어 비교적 낮은 예측값이 도출되었으며, 전이함수모형은 약품비 지출에 영향을 미치는 외부 설명변수의 증가 추세가 적절히 반영되어 더 높은 예측값을 보였다. 설명변수를 포함하지 않을 경우, 약품비 수준이동만을 고려한 ARIMA 모형은 약품비 지출 추세를 가장 높이 예측하였다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.189-201
• /
• 2022

The study empirically examines the impact of monetary fundamentals along with global oil prices on the Pak-rupee exchange rate using the monthly data over 2001-2020. Employing the cointegrating vector autoregressive with exogenous variables (VARX) and vector error correction model with exogenous variables (VECMX), the study analyzes the impact of domestic monetary fundamentals while considering the foreign variables as weakly exogenous. In order to account for the structural breaks in the data, the Lagrange multiplier (LM) unit root test with two structural breaks has been used (Lee & Strazicich, 2003). The empirical results reveal that the domestic and foreign monetary variables significantly explain the exchange rate movements in Pakistan both in the long run and in the short run. The dynamic properties of the monetary model of exchange rate have been analyzed using the persistence profile analysis and generalized impulse response functions (GIRFs). The results reveal that the responses of shocks to domestic monetary fundamentals are consistent with the predictions of the monetary model of the exchange rate. Furthermore, being a net oil importer, a rise in global oil prices significantly depreciated the Pak-rupee exchange rate over the period of study. The global financial crisis (GFC) and pandemic (COVID-19) were also found to cause the Pak-rupee exchange rate depreciation.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.105-126
• /
• 2001

The objective of research is to find out exogenous variables that influence the usage and performance EDI in the Korea firms. Specifically the goals of this research are; (1) to examine relationships between exogenous variables, such as management, technology, inter-firm relationship characteristics, and EDI performance, and (2) to measure EDI volume, EDI diversity, EDI depth among Korea firms. The questionnaire consists of two versions; One for the EDI system managers and the other for the EDI users. The analysis of this study is designed as cross level to examine the causal relationship among variables in different analysis level. The reliability and validity of data was tested by explanatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analysis. Also, the structural equation model(SEM) analysis was performed to test the usefulness of the model. The analysis results revealed that education level, IS growth, trust, support, power are major influential variables on the usage level and performance of EDI. Especially, persuasive power turned out to be more important than coercive power, and technical financial support from organizations was also found to be a significant variables.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.85-115
• /
• 2013

Digital knowledge and information goods as experience goods have some unique characteristics such as close to zero reproduction and distribution cost, high price volatility, and low price acceptability. For the reasons, the pricing policies of digital knowledge goods are very difficult and complicate. Also, most consumers of digital goods have experienced cognitive dissonance after buying decision. The purpose of this paper is to investigate what factors affect the price acceptability level and cognitive dissonance of digital knowledge goods buyers. This paper suggest a structural model that was established by the cognitive dissonance theory and S-O-R(Stimulus-Organization-Response) model. The model is consisted of four exogenous variables and three endogenous variables. The empirical test and statistical analysis suggest following results and practical implications. The variables such as product involvement and perception of price fairness that have positive roles to price acceptability have strong influence on the all the three endogenous variables. But the variables such as sale proneness and price mavenism that have negative roles to price acceptability have little influence on the all the three endogenous variables. In the model, the payment intention was very important mediating variable between exogenous variables and two dependent variables, ie. price acceptability and cognitive dissonance. These results imply that the digital knowledge portals must have some differentiated pricing policies to the customers who have price consciousness and price mavenism. Also, they need some special promotions to whom have positive attitude to the value of digital goods.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.939-945
• /
• 2014

현재 수립된 대부분의 교통약자관련 이동편의증진계획에서는 투자우선순위를 결정함에 있어 교통약자 이동편의시설의 설치율과 만족도간의 중요도(요인 적재량)에 대한 분석 없이 설치율 또는 만족도가 낮은 항목을 우선적으로 고려하여 투자우선순위를 결정하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 구조방정식(SEM: Structural Equation Model)을 이용하여 외생잠재변수(Exogenous Latent Variables)와 내생잠재변수(Endogenous Latent Variables)간의 인과관계를 통계적으로 검증하고 설치율과 만족도를 동시에 고려한 교통약자 이동편의시설의 투자우선순위 결정모형을 제시하였다. 분석결과 이동편의 시설가운데 이용자 만족도에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 시설로는 버스정류장, 횡단보도, 보도 순으로 분석되었다. 버스정류장시설 중 정류장연석의 높이, 보도시설 중 보도의 평탄성 그리고 횡단보도시설 중 보행신호등 설치에 대한 중요도가 높게 분석되었다.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.52-96
• /
• 1998

To find causal factors and improvement plans of organizational commitment of public servants in urban health centers, a hypothetical causal model, which included 2 endogenous variables(organizational commitment & organizational satisfaction) and 15 exogenous variables, was constructed. Exogenous variables consisted of individual factors (sex, age, education, job-grade, and annual salary), psychological variables(pride for organization, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation and support of supervisor) ad structural variables(formalization, centralization, communication, job-conflict, job-decision, and workload). In the hypothetical causal model, organizational commitment was supposed to be effect variable, and organizational satisfaction was presumed to be intervening variable to mediate between organizational commitment and exogenous variables. For data collection, cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted to 1,295 public servants from 32 urban health centers nationwide. The survey responses were from 934, 72.1% of subjects. But 756 responses(58.4%) were analyzed because of excluding ones with missing values. The hypothetical causal model was fitted by covariance structural analysis with maximum likelihood method. Main results were as follows: (1) The fitted causal model accounted for 33 and 55 percent of total variance of organizational commitment and organizational satisfaction of public servants, respectively. (2) In order of effect size, pride for organization, supervisor support, communication, extrinsic motivation and centralization had an indirect effect effect on organizational commitment through organizational satisfaction. However, the effect of centralization was negative. (3) Pride for organiztion, intrinsic motivation, organizational satisfaction, job-conflict, supervisor support, communication, age, centralization, annual salar and extrinsic motivation had indirect or direct effects on organizational commitment in order of effect size. Among them, effects of job-conflict and centraldization were negative. In conclusion, these results suggested that organizational commitment of public servants in urban health centers could be enhanced by pride for organization, intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, prevention of job-conflict and excess centralization, supervisor support and active communication. Especially, pride for organization and intrinsic motivation were expected to play the most important role.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.697-707
• /
• 2017

In this paper, we propose a modified GARCH(p, q)-X model which is obtained by adding the exogenous variables to the modified GARCH(p, q) process. Some limiting properties are shown under various stationary and nonstationary exogenous processes which are generated by another process independent of the noise process. The proposed model extends the GARCH(1, 1)-X model studied by Han (2015) to various GARCH(p, q)-type models such as GJR GARCH, asymptotic power GARCH and VGARCH combined with exogenous process. In comparison with GARCH(1, 1)-X, we expect that many stylized facts including long memory property of the financial time series can be explained effectively by modified GARCH(p, q) model combined with proper additional covariate.