• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.519-528
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a moderate-intensity, walking exercise program on the body composition, blood lipids and psychosocial outcomes in postmenopausal obese women. Methods: With a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design, a total of 36 postmenopausal obese women was recruited in 2 metropolitan areas by convenience sampling. Sixteen women participated in 1 hour of moderate-intensity walking exercise 5 days per week for 3 months and 20 women did not. Cardiovascular risk factors include body composition and blood lipids. Body composition was measured as body mass index, % body fat, and waist/hip ratio; Blood lipids were measured with total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL; psychosocial outcomes were evaluated by self-esteem and depression. Results: Over 3 months, the score of self-esteem increased and depression decreased in the exercise group relative to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in body composition and blood lipids. Conclusions: This study suggests that 3 months of moderate-intensity exercise training can improve psychosocial outcomes but further studies are needed to replicate walking exercise on physiologic variables among postmenopausal obese women. These findings are of public health relevance and add a new facet to the growing literature on the health benefits of moderate exercise.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.385-394
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• 2020

Purpose: This experimental study with nonequivalent control group and pre/post-tests aims to investigate the effects of a complex leg exercise program on severity of restless legs syndrome, sleep quality, depression, and physical performance in patients with maintenance hemodialysis. Methods: Patients in the experimental group were provided with the leg exercise program three times a week for eight weeks, a total of 24times, through watching videos during hemodialysis from August 1, 2017 to October 25. The experimental group and control group consisted of 22 people each. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, and independent t-test utilizing SPSS/WIN 22.0. Results: After providing with the leg exercise program, these were level of restless legs syndrome and depression were significantly decreased in the experimental group (t=2.79, p=.032; t=0.53, p=.036, respectively). However, sleep quality and physical performance did not have significant difference between the two groups (t=0.02, p=.947; t=1.74, p=.957, respectively). Conclusion: A complex leg exercise program appears to be beneficial in improving restless legs syndrome and depression in maintenance hemodialysis patients with restless legs syndrome.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2015

Purpose: Stress, depending on its intensity and duration, results in either adaptive or maladaptive physiological and psychological changes in humans. Also, it was found that stressful experiences increase the signs of behavioral despair in rodents. On the other hand, exercise and melatonin treatment is believed to have many beneficial effects on health. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-depressant effects of physical activity and melatonin against chronic stress-induced depression in rats. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats(200-250g, 7 weeks of age) were subjected to depression induced by chronic stress. Chronic depression was induced with forced-swim stress (FSS) and repeated change of light-dark cycle for 4 weeks. In the last 2 weeks, some rats were confined in a cage enriched with a running wheel, seesaw and chewed a ball from 19:00 to 07:00 every day. Melatonin was injected intra-peritoneally (I.P), and the rats received intraperitoneal injections of melatonin (15 mg/kg). The Forced Swim Test (FST) was performed to evaluate the immobility behaviors of rats for a 5 min test. Results: It was found that, the immobility time in FST was significantly (p<.05) lower in physical exercise ($M=58.83{\pm}22.73$) and melatonin ($M=67.33{\pm}37.73$) than in depressive rats ($M=145.93{\pm}63.16$) without physical activity. Also, TPH positive cell in dorsal raphe was significantly (p<.05) higher in exercise ($M=457.38{\pm}103.21$) and melatonin ($M=425.38{\pm}111.56$) than in depressive rats ($M=258.25{\pm}89.13$). Conclusion: This study suggests that physical activity and melatonin produces antidepressant-like effect on stress-induced depression in rats. So, physical exercise and melatonin may be a good intervention in depression patients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.373-380
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of recreational exercise on cognition, depression, dynamic balance and leg strength in elderly women. This study was nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. Subjects were divided into two group(exercise group=14, control group=13). Experimental group conducted recreational exercise program for eight-week. Cognition was assessed by K-WAIS(object assembly & digit symbol) and depression were assessed by questionnaire. Dynamic balance(DB) and leg strength(LS) were assessed by 244cm up & go and sit to stand respectively. The collected data analyzed by Wilcoxon singed rank test and Mann-Whitney U test. The exercise group significantly improved cognition(object assembly) and DB, but control group significantly reduced DB. DB in exercise group were significantly greater than in control group after eight-week. The program was effective on cognition and dynamic balance in elderly women.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.77-92
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• 2010

Objectives The relationship between depression, obesity, life style of adolescents has been reported, but the results were not consistent. Thus this study was designed to find out the relationship. Methods The participants were the first and second grade middle school students. The participants were asked to measure their height and weight etc, and were asked to survey questionnaires. To diagnose the students' degree of depression, Children's Depression Inventory(CDI) by Kovas and Beck. Results The average depression score in the obese group was significantly higher than that of the normal body weight group. In addition, male obese group scored higher on CDI than the female obese group, and the obese group of participants who don't exercise, but like to play computer games and watch TV scored higher on CDI than the group who exercise and don't play computer games. Conclusions This study proved that depression in adolescent was closely related with obesity and obesity-related lifestyles. "The research was supported by the Kyung Hee University Research Fund in 2007"(KHU-20071638).

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.848-859
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• 2020

This study selected 42 domestic preceded literatures that applied exercise programs to the elderly for the past 10 years from 2010 to the first half of 2020 to analyze the characteristics of preceded research, applied period of exercise programs, configuration of exercise programs, and effectiveness of exercise programs on elderly depression, and the conclusion is as follows. First, the majority of the subjects were female and male/female elderly people in the preceding literature, and it appeared that there were no male subjects alone for any of the studies showed. The majority of the ages were over 65 years old, and the number of subjects was 50 or less. In the group, preceded research with exercise/control groups was mostly predominant, and the participated institutions and regions accounted for the majority of the residential area/public institutions and sanatorium. Second, the period of the exercise program was mostly applied for more than 12 weeks, and the frequency of exercise per week was 1-2 times and 3-4 times. Most of the preceding literature was applied with a 60-minute exercise program during the one-time exercise period. Third, most of the contents of the exercise program consisted of a aerobic exercise alone and combination of aerobic·anaerobic exercise. Fourth, it was confirmed that the effects of exercise programs were effective in physical fitness factors as well as in depression and cognitive function.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.387-394
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify walking time, self-efficacy for exercise, sleep quality and depression in order to confirm the relationship between college students' activity level and psychological index. The research method is a cross-sectional descriptive survey of college students. The subjects of this study were 135 students enrolled in colleges in Gyeongbuk. Self-efficacy for exercise was higher than the average, and walking time was about 1.7 hours per day on average, walking less than 2 hours. Sleep quality was most of them had problems with their sleep quality (71.9%). Depression was about half of the students showed a tendency to be depressed (49.6%). It was found that there was a correlation between self-efficacy and depression for exercise (p=.012). This study can be used as basic data for the development of programs to increase physical activity and improve psychological index of college students in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.293-298
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to survey the effects of planned exercise over the age of 65 in male and female with regard to their self-efficacy, depression, and life satisfaction, based on the literatures of 14 master and doctoral dissertations published between 2004 and 2014. The subjects with program exercise habit were chosen considering the generalization of the physical characteristics of elderly subjects. The exercise duration was 50 minutes for 3 times a week for 12 to 24 weeks. Exercise intensity was an optimal aerobic exercise plan that the subjects themselves could perform. The average effect size of self-efficacy was 0.793 (26.1% increased), depression was -0.91(31.9% decreased), and life satisfaction was 1.506 (43.4% increased). These indicate that post-exercise psychological variables had a positive effect on self-efficacy and life satisfaction by lowering depression after regular exercise. Therefore, it is necessary to increase regular exercise participation and to provide sustainable scientific information for the aged and healthy living of the elderly.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.146-151
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects rhythmic and non-rhythmic aerobic exercises on depression and balance of healthy elderly people. Design: Randomized controled trial. Methods: Nineteen older subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups for rhythmic and non-rhythmic aerobic exercises. Both aerobic exercises consisted of functional movements such as turning in opposite directions, and running in place, the exercise consisted of movements that could activate balance. The rhythmic training group initially used music with 8 beats, and then later progressed to 16 beats. Additionally, we adjusted the pace of the music using songs from 125 beats per minute (bpm) to 160 bpm. Both groups were exercised for 50 minutes a day, twice a week, for a total of 8 weeks. We measured the condition of the patients before the intervention, and after 8 weeks of intervention. The Beck depression inventory (BDI) was used to measure the degree of depression. The Berg balance scale (BBS) was used to measure static and dynamic balance ability. We measured the subject's subjective balance confidence using the fall efficacy scale (FES). Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in BDI, BBS, and FES (p<0.05). The rhythmic aerobic exercise group showed a significant improvement only in the BBS change values compared to the non-rhythmic group (p<0.05). Conclusions: According to this study, both rhythmic and non-rhythmic aerobic exercises resulted in significant improvement in the degree of depression and balance ability of the elderly. The rhythmic aerobic exercise was more effective for dynamic balance ability.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.337-348
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to examine the factors (depression, level of health status, physical function, depression) influence health related quality of life (EQ5D) in community dwelling elderly according to sex. Methods: A total of 226 elderly subjects over the age of 65 years in community were included. Data were collected by measuring the physical function (muscle endurance, flexibility, balance, and cardiovascular endurance) and by using a questionnaire about EQ5D, depression, health status. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. Results: The major findings of this study are as follows. Explained variance of EQ5D by regular exercise, physical function, and level of health status was 19% for male elderly subjects and 26.0% for female elderly subjects. The effect was different according to sex. Depression has the effect on EQ5D (${\beta}=-.356$, p<.001) in females, while the level of health status has the effect (${\beta}=.314$, p=.027) in males. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the effect of regular exercise, physical function, and level of health status were different on EQ5D according to sex. Thus, different health programs according to sex are necessary to increase the quality of life in elderly individuals.