• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.227-229
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• 2003

We present a process for printing active matrix displays. In this process, transistors are fabricated using soluble semi-conducting and conducting materials. Accurate definition of the transistor channel and other circuit components is achieved by direct inkjet printing combined with surface energy patterning. We present results on our 4,800 pixel, 50 dpi, active matrix displays.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.223-259
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• 2020

With COVID-19 spreading rapidly around the world, research and development issues on treatments and vaccines for the virus are of high interest. Among them, Remdesivir was the first to show noticeable therapeutic effects and began clinical trials, with each country authorizing the use of the drug through emergency approval. However, Gilead Co., Ltd., the developer of Remdesivir, received a lot of criticism from civic groups for submitting the application for the marketing authorization as an orphan drug. This is because when a new drug got a marketing authorization as an orphan drug could be granted an exclusive status for seven year. The long-term exclusive status of an orphan drug comes from the policy purpose of motivating pharmaceutical companies to develop treatment opportunities for patients suffering from rare diseases, which was not appropriate to apply to infectious disease treatments. This paper provides a review of the problems and improvement directions of the domestic system through comparative legal consideration against the United States, Europe and Japan for the statutes which give exclusive status to medicines. The domestic system has a fundamental problem that it does not have explicit provisions in the statute in the manner of granting exclusive status, and that it uses the review system to give it exclusive status indirectly. In addition, in the case of orphan drugs, the "Rare Diseases Management Act" and the "Regulations on Examination of Items Permission and Reporting of Drugs" provide overlapping review periods, and despite the relatively long monopoly period, there seems to be no check clause to recover exclusive status in the event of a change in circumstances. Given that biopharmaceuticals are difficult to obtain patents, the lack of such provisions is a pity of domestic legislation, although granting exclusive rights may be a great motivation to induce drug development. In the United States, given that the first biosimilar also has a one-year monopoly period, it can be interpreted that domestic legislation is quite strictly limited to granting exclusive status to biopharmaceuticals. The need for improvement of the domestic system will be recognized in that it could undermine local pharmaceutical companies' willingness to develop biopharmaceuticals in the future, and in that it is also necessary to harmonize international regulations. Taking advantage of the emergence of COVID-19 as an opportunity, we look again at the problems of the domestic system that grants exclusive rights to medicines and hope that an overall revision of the relevant legislation will be made to establish a unified legal basis.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.123-144
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• 2006

For the property right's protection of the nation, the uncertainty's dissolution and the reliability's security of real estate trade are very important. With the life style's change, the market of real estate becomes diversification, and the level of the real estate trade becomes diversification. But compared with this, the trade system of the real estate has not broken away from the mode in the past yet. To cope with it actively, it needs to review the real estate trade form. Especially, it needs to investigate a plan that can advance the Agency Listing method. The Exclusive Agency Listing and the real estate Information Network System have been the usual system in some advanced countries like America, Japan. It is the system that establishes the real estate brokerage's trade order and encourages the execution for the real estate client's property right's protection and benefit offer. In our country, The Exclusive Agency Listing and the real estate Information Network System were created in the revised real estate brokerage law in 12, 1993. But because of varies of questions, it can not be settled down. So this paper will develop the characteristic factors of the Exclusive Agency Listing and the real estate Information Network System revitalization and examine the mutual relation depends on the factors. And these factors were studied through the proved analysis to the effecting made on the Agency function's consideration and real estate broker' trust and customer satisfaction. So depends on these, the existed value now will present the revitalization plan and political implication about the Exclusive Agency Listing and the real estate Information Network System.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.169-175
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• 2019

The aim of this study is to examine the relative economic benefits between the septic tank and exclusive sewage pipe line in designing the large building at combined sewer districts. With the case study of Lotte World Tower Building, we analyze a cost-benefit between two alternatives. The research results showed 2 years of payback period, about ￦6.17 billion of NPV, and 1.93 of B/C ratio for installing the exclusive sewage pipe line in comparison with septic tank. This results provide useful guidelines for policy establishment of the septic tank closure and for plausibility of installing exclusive sewage pipe line when constructing a large building. In the future, it will be necessary to consider additional cost-benefit analysis including burden charge borne by causers, the burden of management responsibility with a exclusive sewage pipe line, and the economic benefits of reducing odor.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.188-199
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• 2014

Although the fuzzy logic controller is superior to the proportional integral derivative (PID) controller in motor control, the gain tuning of the fuzzy logic controller is more complicated than that of the PID controller. Using mathematical analysis of the proportional derivative (PD) and fuzzy logic controller, this study proposed a design method of a fuzzy logic controller that has the same characteristics as the PD controller in the beginning. Then a design method of a fuzzy logic controller was proposed that has superior performance to the PD controller. This fuzzy logic controller was designed by changing the envelope of the input of the of the fuzzy logic controller to nonlinear, because the fuzzy logic controller has more degree of freedom to select the control gain than the PD controller. By designing the fuzzy logic controller using the proposed method, it simplified the design of fuzzy logic controller, and it simplified the comparison of these two controllers.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.139-155
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• 2000

An exclusive simulation study is conducted in computing means for order statistics in standard normal variate. Monte Carlo moments are used in Shapiro-Francia W' statistic computation. Finally, quantiles for Shapiro-Francia W' are generated. The study shows that in computing means for order statistics in standard normal variate, complicated distributions and intensive numerical integrations can be avoided by using Monte Carlo simulation. Lack of accuracy is minimal and computation simplicity is noteworthy.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.907-910
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• 2003

We have developed Logic Design Training Kit for studying, actual training, designing of FPGA(Xillinx) or CPLD(ALTERA CPLD), the Digital Logic Device. This training kit has 12 matrix keys, RS232 port for serial communication and uses LED array. six FND(Dynamic), LCD as display part. That is standard specification for digital logic training kit. Special point of this kit is that we make two logic device trainig kit. This two logic device kit have more smaller and simple architecture because only uses one chip. That chip already includes a lot of functions that need for training kit, such as : complex logic circuit needed the two kind of logic devices, 16 way of system clock deviding function, serial communication interrupt....etc. We called that one chip is Center Bridge Chipset ; Xillinx FPGA Spartan2. User can select between using one device of FPGA or CPLD, or uses both them. Because of, Center Bridge Chipset has profitable architecture. it can work as Logic Device's networking with Master-Slave connection When using both logic devices.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.30A no.12
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• pp.117-124
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• 1993

In this paper we propose a new thchnology mapping algorithm for multiplexer-based FPGA's The algorithm consists of three phases` First, it converts the logic functions and the basic logic mocule into BDD's. Second. it covers the logic function with the basic logic modules. Lastly, it reduces the number of basic logic modules used to implement the logic function after going through cell merging procedure. The binate selection is employed to determine the order of input variables of the logic function to constructs the balanced BDD with low level. That enables us to constructs the circuit that has small size and delay time. Technology mapping algorithm of previous work used one basic logic module to implement a two-input or three-input function in logic functions. The algorithm proposed here merges almost all pairs of two-input and three-input functions that occupy one basic logic module. and improves the mapping results. We show the effectiveness of the algorithm by comparing the results of our experiments with those of previous systems.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.55-76
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• 2011

Fixed-point conjunctive left-continuous idempotent uninorms have been introduced (see e.g. [2, 3]). This paper studies a system for such uninorms. More exactly, one system obtainable from IUML (Involutive uninorm mingle logic) by dropping involution (INV), called here WUML (Weak Uninorm Mingle Logic), is first introduced. This is the system of fixed-point conjunctive left-continuous idempotent uninorms and their residua with weak negation. Algebraic structures corresponding to the system, i.e., WUML-algebras, are then defined, and algebraic completeness is provided for the system. Standard completeness is further established for WUML and IUML in an analogy to that of WNM (Weak nilpotent minimum logic) and NM (Nilpotent minimum logic) in [4].

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.32A no.10
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• pp.93-101
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• 1995

The evaluation of the logic capability and the library generation method of the multiplexor-based logic module is described. Optimizing logic module for silicon area and logic capability is essential to build a efficient FPGAs(Field-Programmable Gate Arrays). Because the multiplexor-based logic module can implement a large number of functions, it presents difficulties for library-based approaches. However, the logic functions of the logic module can be significantly reduced by lmiting the number of variables and sum-of-products and by removing same functions with different variable ordering using algorithm presented in this paper.