• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1184-1189
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• 1995

The rapid quenching dynamics of F center excitation by OH- defects in KCl crystals are investigated by monitoring ground state absorption bleach recovery, using a picosecond streak camera absorption spectrometer. F center absorption bleach in OH--doped crystals shows three distinguishable recovery components with the current temporal resolution, designated as slow, medium and fast components. The slow one is due to the normal relaxation process of F* centers as found in OH--free crystals. The others are consequent on energy transfer from electronically excited F centers to OH--vibrational levels. The fast component is a minor energy transfer process and resulting from the relaxation of somewhat distant, not the closest, associated pairs of F* and OH- defects. The energy transfer between widely separated F* and OH- defects opens up a recovery process via the medium component which is assisted by OH- librations, lattice vibrations and OH- dipole reorientations. The quenching behaviors of F* luminescence and photoionization by OH- are explained well by the relaxation process of the medium component.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.972-976
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• 1995

A trace amount of 4-biphenylcarboxylate having a pre-twisted biphenyl moiety was attached to a poly(methyl methacrylate) side chain and the fluorescence properties of the chromophore were investigated in various solvents such as ethyl acetate and butyl chloride. At room temperature, the polymer exhibited a distinct red shift of the short wavelength emission (325 nm) and an enhanced emission intensity around 430 nm upon excitation at the absorption red edge. The temperature dependence of the intensity ratio (R) of the 325 nm emission to the 430 nm emission was observed when exciting at the red edge over the temperature range between -20 and 60 ℃. However, the temperature dependence was not observed when exciting at the shorter wavelength. The Arrhenius plot of the R value shows the activation energy of 6.0 kJ/mol which is in good agreement with the energy required for the twist of the biphenyl moiety. Together with the results of red edge excitation effects it was concluded that the pre-twisted geometry of the biphenyl moiety is preserved by the restriction of the polymer chain to facilitate the formation of the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state upon excitation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1133-1152
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• 2015

A frequency-domain method is developed for evaluating the earthquake input energy to two building structures connected by viscous dampers. It is shown that the earthquake input energies to respective building structures and viscous connecting dampers can be defined as works done by the boundary forces between the subsystems on their corresponding displacements. It is demonstrated that the proposed energy transfer function is very useful for clear understanding of dependence of energy consumption ratios in respective buildings and connecting viscous dampers on their properties. It can be shown that the area of the energy transfer function for the total system is constant regardless of natural period and damping ratio because the constant Fourier amplitude of the input acceleration, relating directly the area of the energy transfer function to the input energy, indicates the Dirac delta function and only an initial velocity (kinetic energy) is given in this case. Owing to the constant area property of the energy transfer functions, the total input energy to the overall system including both buildings and connecting viscous dampers is approximately constant regardless of the quantity of connecting viscous dampers. This property leads to an advantageous feature that, if the energy consumption in the connecting viscous dampers increases, the input energies to the buildings can be reduced drastically. For the worst case analysis, critical excitation problems with respect to the impulse interval for double impulse (simplification of pulse-type impulsive ground motion) and multiple impulses (simplification of long-duration ground motion) are considered and their solutions are provided.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.941-942
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• 2006

The Analysis on AVR-MVR conversion trouble for Excitation System AVR-MVR conversion is a very important function to transfer AVR to MVR when the grid has abrupt changes or the control system has some problems. Therefore through studying on AVR-MVR transfer scheme, and problems which might happen when transferring, we would like to enhance the stability of generator and control system.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.923-926
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• 1998

Spectral diffusion following direct triplet excitation from the ground state in glassy Methylbenzophenone as a function of transition energy has been studied. The concentrations of donor and acceptor have been determined for different transition energies. The geometrical distribution was determined by a computer simulation. The cluster size increases gradually with concentration and cluster percolation is observed at 0.31 mole fraction for a three dimensional system. The average distance between a donor and an acceptor also has been determined for different concentrations. The energy transfer efficiency changes abruptly at a critical concentration of 0.054, corresponding to a critical distance of 9.8 Å. The γvalue was evaluated to be 1.17.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.3641-3648
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• 2013

Energy transfer and bond dissociation of $C-H_{methyl}$ and $C-H_{ring}$ in excited toluene in the collision with $H_2$ and $D_2$ have been studied by use of classical trajectory procedures at 300 K. Energy lost by the vibrationally excited toluene to the ground-state $H_2/D_2$ is not large, but the amount increases with increasing vibrational excitation from 5000 and $40,000cm^{-1}$. The principal energy transfer pathway is vibration to translation (V-T) in both systems. The vibration to vibration (V-V) step is important in toluene + $D_2$, but plays a minor role in toluene + $H_2$. When the incident molecule is also vibrationally excited, toluene loses energy to $D_2$, whereas it gains energy from $H_2$ instead. The overall extent of energy loss is greater in toluene + $D_2$ than that in toluene + $H_2$. The different efficiency of the energy transfer pathways in two collisions is mainly due to the near-resonant condition between $D_2$ and C-H vibrations. Collision-induced dissociation of $C-H_{methyl}$ and $C-H_{ring}$ bonds occurs when highly excited toluene ($55,000-70,400cm^{-1}$) interacts with the ground-state $H_2/D_2$. Dissociation probabilities are low ($10^{-5}{\sim}10^{-2}$) but increase exponentially with rising vibrational excitation. Intramolecular energy flow between the excited C-H bonds occurring on a subpicosecond timescale is responsible for the bond dissociation.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.43-46
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• 1964

Quenching constants, q, determined for N,N-dimethylanilines by liquid scintillation counting indicate that the quenching involves an energy transfer process to these compounds causing strong n-${\pi}$ interaction within the quencher molecule, which is then followed by an non-radiative degradation of the excitation energy to ground state.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.933-940
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• 2012

Recently, it has been shown that quantum coherence appears in energy transfers of various photosynthetic lightharvesting complexes at from cryogenic to even room temperatures. Because the photosynthetic systems are inherently complex, these findings have subsequently interested many researchers in the field of both experiment and theory. From the theoretical part, simplified dynamics or semiclassical approaches have been widely used. In these approaches, the quantum-classical Liouville equation (QCLE) is the fundamental starting point. Toward the semiclassical scheme, approximations are needed to simplify the equations of motion of various degrees of freedom. Here, we have adopted the Poisson bracket mapping equation (PBME) as an approximate form of QCLE and applied it to find the time evolution of the excitation in a photosynthetic complex from marine algae. The benefit of using PBME is its similarity to conventional Hamiltonian dynamics. Through this, we confirmed the coherent population transfer behaviors in short time domain as previously reported with a more accurate but more time-consuming iterative linearized density matrix approach. However, we find that the site populations do not behave according to the Boltzmann law in the long time limit. We also test the effect of adding spurious high frequency vibrations to the spectral density of the bath, and find that their existence does not alter the dynamics to any significant extent as long as the associated reorganization energy is changed not too drastically. This suggests that adopting classical trajectory based ensembles in semiclassical simulations should not influence the coherence dynamics in any practical manner, even though the classical trajectories often yield spurious high frequency vibrational features in the spectral density.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.842-849
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to investigate design parameters of a tuned liquid column damper(TLCD), which is affected by various excitation amplitudes, through shaking table test. Design parameters of a TLCD are examined based on the equivalent tuned mass damper(TMD) model of a TLCD, in which the nonlinear damping of a TLCD is transposed to equivalent viscous damping. Shaking table test is carried out for a TLCD specimen subjected to harmonic waves with various amplitudes. Transfer functions are ratios of liquid displacement of TLCD and control force produced by a TLCD, respectively, with respect to the acceleration excited by a shaking table. They are derived based on the equivalent TMD model of a TLCD. Then, the variation of design parameters according to the excitation amplitude is examined by comparing analytical transfer functions with experimental ones. Finally, the dissipation energy due to the damping of a TLCD, which is experimentally observed from the shaking table test, is examined according to the excitation amplitude. Comparisons between test results and analytical transfer functions showed that natural frequencies of TLCD and the ratio of the liquid mass in a horizontal column to the total liquid mass does not depend on the excitation amplitude, while the damping ratio of a TLCD increases with larger excitation amplitudes.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1167-1176
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to investigate design parameters of a tuned liquid column damper(TLCD), which is affected by various excitation amplitude, through shaking table test. Design parameters of a TLCD are examined based on the equivalent tuned mass damper(TMD) model of a TLCD, in which the nonlinear damping of a TLCD is transposed to equivalent viscous damping. Shaking table test is carried out for a TLCD specimen subjected to harmonic waves with various amplitude. Transfer functions are ratios of liquid displacement of TLCD and control force produced by a TLCD, respectively, with respect to the acceleration excited by a shaking table. They are derived based on the equivalent TMD model of a TLCD. Then, the variation of design parameters according to the excitation amplitude is examined by comparing analytical transfer functions with experimental ones. Finally, the dissipation energy due to the damping of a TLCD, which is experimentally observed from the shaking table test, is examined according to the excitation amplitude. Comparisons between test results and analytical transfer functions showed that natural frequencies of TLCD and the ratio of the liquid mass in a horizontal column to the total liquid mass do not depend on the excitation amplitude, while the damping ratio of a TLCD increases with larger excitation amplitude.