• 임산에너지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1999

온실효과는 이산화탄소의 과다방출로 인해 가장 심각한 환경문제가 되었다. 온실효과는 산림에서의 벌채, 특히 경작지를 위해 열대림지역이 파괴됨으로 인해 더욱 악화되고 있다. 나무는 대기중에서 이산화탄소를 흡수하므로 숲과 임산물은 이산화탄소를 이용하고 방출량을 줄이는데 큰 역할을 담당한다. 목재와 목제품은 철강, 알루미늄, 콘크리트와 같은 대체재료에 비해 제조에너지가 적게든다. 화석연료가의 높은 비용의 가능성이라는 관점에서 볼 때 목재가공에 있어서의 낮은 에너지소모량은 매우 중요하다. 또한 목재와 목제품은 탄소저장고로서의 역할을 한다. 따라서 목재는 환경적으로 바람직한 좋은 재료이다. 최근 산업용 재료의 사용에 있어서 목재와 다른 대체재에 관한 많은 논의가 진행되고 있다. 재료 선정은 누구나 할 수 있지만 선정시 다양한 측면을 고려하여야 한다. 앞서 언급하였듯이 목재는 환경적으로, 에너지 소모적인 면에서 우수한 재료이다. 그러므로 목재는 다른 대체재보다 환경에 미치는 영향이 적은 재료이다. 우리는 목재를 보다 효율적으로 이용하고 목재자원은 지속가능한 산림에서 제공되어야 할 것이다.

• 셀메드
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.16.1-16.5
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• 2012

Fever in cancer patients is often due to the following causes: evil qi and toxity stagnancy, disorders of qi and blood, deficiencies of zang and fu organs, and the disorder of yin and yang. The treatments given to cancer patients with a fever are according to five: (a) Excessive inner heat and toxicants: remove heat and the toxicant, induce purgation. We use Cheng-Qi-Tang plus Qing-Wen-Bai-Du-Yin. (b) Tangle of damp and heat, and qi stagnancy: remove damp and heat, smooth the qi channel. We use Gan-Lu-Xiao-Du-Dan or San-Ren-Tang. (c) Obvious blood and heat stagnancy: remove heat and blood stasis. We use Xue-Fu- Zhu-Yu-Tang. (d) Deficiency of spleen qi, inner heat caused by a yin deficiency: nourish spleen qi and yin to remove the inner heat. We use Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang or Xiao-Jian-Zhong-Tang. (e) Prominent yin deficiency and hectic fever: replenish yin and remove inner heat. We use Qing-Hao-Bie-Jia-Tang or Chai- Qian-Mei-Lian-San. The pathogenesis of fever in cancer patients is complicated. We can see both deficiency and excess in one differentiation. Therefore, we must make sure of it, then we can get the most effective treatment.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.532-543
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• 2015

Capsular contracture is the most common complication following implant based breast surgery and is one of the most common reasons for reoperation. Therefore, it is important to try and understand why this happens, and what can be done to reduce its incidence. A literature search using the MEDLINE database was conducted including search terms 'capsular contracture breast augmentation', 'capsular contracture pathogenesis', 'capsular contracture incidence', and 'capsular contracture management', which yielded 82 results which met inclusion criteria. Capsular contracture is caused by an excessive fibrotic reaction to a foreign body (the implant) and has an overall incidence of 10.6%. Risk factors that were identified included the use of smooth (vs. textured) implants, a subglandular (vs. submuscular) placement, use of a silicone (vs. saline) filled implant and previous radiotherapy to the breast. The standard management of capsular contracture is surgical via a capsulectomy or capsulotomy. Medical treatment using the off-label leukotriene receptor antagonist Zafirlukast has been reported to reduce severity and help prevent capsular contracture from forming, as has the use of acellular dermal matrices, botox and neopocket formation. However, nearly all therapeutic approaches are associated with a significant rate of recurrence. Capsular contracture is a multifactorial fibrotic process the precise cause of which is still unknown. The incidence of contracture developing is lower with the use of textured implants, submuscular placement and the use of polyurethane coated implants. Symptomatic capsular contracture is usually managed surgically, however recent research has focussed on preventing capsular contracture from occurring, or treating it with autologous fat transfer.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.171-180
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• 1993

도시하수와 관련된 비점원 오염에 대한 관심은 더 나은 수질계획을 위한 새로운 도구의 발전을 이끌어 왔다. 이 논문은 도시의 수질연구를 위해 지리정보체계가 어떻게 응용되는지를 보여준다. 지리정보체계는 비점원 오염 모형화를 위한 토지이용자료를 관리하기 위해 이용되고, 또한 여러 가지 형태의 지리적 집합체내에서 오염물질을 평가하는데 이용된다. 경험적인 수질모형은 토지이용에 근본을 둔 오염물질 축적을 평가하기 위해 이용된다. 토지이용범위는 최근 사진의 판독을 통해서 구범위를 갱신함으로써 결정된다. 이러한 토지이용범위는 각각의 토지이용 다각형에 대한 오염물질 축적을 기록하는데 이용된다. 도시하수 유역과 소하수 유역의 범위를 결정하기 위해 하수지도를 수치화 시키고 해석한다. 하수구 소유역층에서 오염물질 축적을 중첩시킴으로써 주요하수의 출구에 대한 오염 축적물이 계산된다. 축적 정보를 기본으로 과다 오염 축적물의 임계지역이 어디에 위치하고 있으며, 오염 축적물을 통제하기 위한 최선의 관리기법의 효율성이 평가된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.206-219
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• 2023

Objectives: Screen time refers to the time spent using screen media, such as televisions, smartphones, computers, or tablets. Excessive exposure to screen media has been reported to negatively impact young children's health and development, including overweight, short sleep duration, and language delays. This study examined the association of screen time and mealtime media use with dietary behaviors among preschool children. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on parents of children aged three to five years using the online questionnaires of the Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers (NQ-P) and the Dietary Screening Test (DST). Data from 261 children's parents were analyzed. Results: Of the 261 children, 96.9% used screen media, 55.6% used screen media for two hours or more daily, and 30.7% were exposed to screen media during meals. The NQ-P scores were significantly lower in the children with longer screen time and mealtime media use. Children who used screen media for two hours or more and those exposed to screen media during meals consumed kimchi less frequently and confectionery and sugar-sweetened beverages more frequently than children who used less than two hours and were not exposed to screen media during meals. In addition, they were more likely to be picky about food, refuse to eat, and less likely to feed themselves than children with shorter screen time and no mealtime media use. Conclusions: This study reported an association between unhealthy dietary behaviors, feeding difficulties, and screen time and mealtime media use among preschool children. Further research should explore effective strategies for reducing children's screen time.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.5-23
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• 2009

Transportation systems around the world are difficult to maintain sustainability that, in a broad sense, is the capacity to endure. By connecting Entropy theory and systems thinking, we find the current problems and seek alternative plans. Distortions of the current transportation system to improve individual's ease and increasing traffic congestion, impose us the heavy energy consumption and will make increase whole entropy. UNEP reports are presented following three reasons that undermine the sustainabillity. The first one is that the prevalent traffic system highlight benefits of accessibility than benefits of mobility, the second, deteriorate excessive energy consumption, and the last reason is that personal vehicles has inhibited the use of public transportation. Alternative ideas to enhance the sustainable transportation system are these; (1) changeover from 'Ease of movement' to 'space efficiency', (2) evolving the smart traffic system instead of the construction or expansion of the road and (3) creating more comfortable the use of mass transportation. In addition, there are another ways that encouraging modal shift that increase traffic of goods, transport over railway lines and waterways, decongesting transport corridors and elevating technology to improve public transportation. The most importantly, we converse our cognitive process to be willing to enjoy uncomfortable and annoying life.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2013

오늘날 화석연료의 과다사용으로 인한 지구온난화의 문제가 전 세계적으로 화두 되면서 우리 정부와 선진국들은 환경 친화적이며 건강을 증진시키는 교통수단으로 자전거 이용을 활성화시키고 있다. 기존 공영자전거 시스템들은 위치추적, 자전거 대여 관리와 같은 관리 서비스를 제공하고 있지만, 탄소저감 측정이나 자전거 사용 정보와 같은 이용자 측면의 서비스는 전무하다. 따라서 본 논문에서 제안하는 시스템은 녹색성장의 원동력이 되는 교통수단인 자전거로부터 수신한 센싱 데이터를 가공하여 사용자들의 건강정보, 환경정보, 녹색정보, 개인정보, 상담 서비스와 탄소저감량 정보를 제공한다. Web 2.0 기술을 접목하여 구현함으로써 자전거의 사용자 측면에서 참여와 공유의 개념을 확대한 저탄소 녹색성장 실천 시스템을 개발하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 스마트 폰의 사용 시 가장 많은 이용 목적을 가진 정보 검색의 인터페이스의 정보 구조와 사용자 경험 패턴을 분석하여 보다 효율적인 사용자 경험을 제공하는데 목적을 두었다. 대표적인 모바일 인터넷 접속 기기인 스마트폰의 특징과 사용자 경험 요소에 대해 알아보는 것을 우선으로 정보 검색에 있어 가장 많이 사용되는 포털 사이트인 네이버와 다음의 메인 페이지를 중심으로 분석하였다. 연구의 결과 네이버와 다음은 각각 28개와 15개의 카테고리로 구성되어 있었다. 또 네이버와 다음 모두 하향식 순차 구조를 가지고 있었으며 네이버의 카테고리에서는 3Depth 계층을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 네이버의 경우는 중복된 뉴스 콘텐츠와 과도한 스크롤의 사용으로 인지 부하의 가능성이 제기 되었으며 다음의 경우는 하단의 쇼핑 카테고리에 있어 터치 제스처 사용의 오류 가능성이 제기 되었다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.93-106
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• 2012

Recently, a Game Shut-down policy, partially limiting the time for the use of online game service, has been implemented in order to protect the youth from the excessive use of games by limiting their access to games in the late hours, based on the serious side effects of online games on the youth. However, the effectiveness of a Game Shut-down policy becomes a social issue. Thus, this study aims to investigate the alternative policies through the levels of the communications suggested by the theory of excellence, for the successful implementation of the policy. As a result of the study, the government and students, the recipient of those policies, need to strengthen their two-way communication in respect of the Game Shut-down policy, breaking from the existing views on the perception. The problem is that the current government's way of the communication for the Game Shut-down policy is one-way and it is aiming at achieving the objectives only. Thus, the communication in this manner will cause the side effect. 'the opportunistic violation of the system in the future', even if the students seemingly accept the system. Two-way communication will enhance the motivation for the voluntary acceptance of the system and lower the motivation for the opportunistic violation of the system. Thus, the government needs to strengthen two-way communication in the future.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2011

The use of headed bars as opposed to standard 90- or 180-degree hooked bars in beam ends, beam-column joints or other steel congested areas for anchorage and bond has become more favorable due to the fact that steel congestion is often created by large bend diameters or crossties. This research mainly focuses on evaluating the code provisions regarding the use of headed bars. Nine simply supported rectangular concrete beams with headed longitudinal reinforcement were tested under a four-point monotonic loading system. The design clear spacing, which varies from 1.5 to 4.25 times the bar diameter, was the only parameter for the experimental investigation. The test results showed that the closely-spaced headed bars were capable of developing to full yield strength without any severe brittle concrete breakout cone or pullout failure. Bond along the bar was not sufficient due to the early loss of concrete integrity. However, the headed bars were effective for anchorage with no excessive moment capacity reduction. This implies that the clear spacing of about 2 times the bar diameter for headed bars may be reasonable to ensure the development of specified yield strength of headed bars and corresponding member design strength.