• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.65-79
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was firstly to investigate correctional function of custom semi-rigid foot orthotics for excessively pronated people during gait by observing comfort, navicular movement and leg muscles' activity according to short-term and mid-term wearing duration and secondly to understand positive and/or negative point of view of a recently proposed paradigm related to foot orthotics more profoundly. Sixteen subjects who showed excessive pronation at navicular drop test were recruited for this study. Custom semi-rigid foot orthotics were made fitting for foot characteristics of the subjects by podiatry division of Otto Bock Korea company. While wearing the foot orthotics for two months, comfort of wearing were questioned and vertical navicular movement and electromyography of leg muscles during gait were measured at the condition of both immediately after and 2 months after including a control condition, respectively. The subjects were required to walk on a treadmill at the speed of 1.5m/s and four digital video camera filmed the movement of navicular process at the speed of 60 frames/s. In conclusion, in excessively pronated group continuous increase of comfort from short-term to mid-term wearing of custom foot orthotics is assumed to be closely related with short-term and mid term correctional action, of which are consisted the decrease of the range of navicular drop and navicular raisins- the faster timing of minimum navicular position occurring, and the decrease of leg muscles' activities. This conclusion could lead to positively accept new paradigm related to foot orthotics suggested by Nigg and the author suggest that in the future study the variable which could observe navicular movement would be one of major variables to study preferred path of skeleton in the paradigm.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the changes in muscle strength and walking ability in patients who complained of knee instability due to excessive pronation of the foot. METHODS: Twenty patients (ten men and ten women) who complained of instability of the knee joint due to excessive pronation of the foot participated in the experiment. In the experimental group, the internal rotation of the tibia caused by excessive adduction of the foot was maintained as external rotation, and the joint state was to recognize the movement of the joint position changed through maintenance of the muscle. This exercise was performed five times for each patient, and the muscle strength maintenance was performed for 20 seconds. In the control group, stretching and range of motion (ROM) exercises were performed. For the stretching exercise, one specific motion was performed for 20 second, and the ROM exercise was performed to confirm the change in muscle strength in the knee joint area and walking ability. RESULTS: The knee flexion and extension strength in the patients with excessive pronation of the foot differed significantly from those in the subjects from the control group (p<.05). Further, the before-after comparison of the step time and length in the evaluation of walking ability, which affects overall postural movement due to knee joint instability, revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p<.05). CONCLUSION: The patients that were subjected to manual therapy and ROM exercise for the knee joint showed improved knee joint muscle strength and walking ability compared to the subjects from the control group.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.155-170
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• 2003

Lumbar segmental instability is considered to represent a significant sub-group within the chronic low back pain population. This condition has a unique clinical presentation that displays its symptoms and movement dysfunction within the neutral zone of the motion segment. The loosening of the motion segment secondary to injury and associated dysfunction of the local muscle system renders it biomechanically vulnerable in the neutral zone. There in evidence of muscle dysfunction related to the control of the movement system. There is a clear link between reduced proprioceptive input, altered slow motor unit recruitment and the development of chronic pain states. Dysfunction in the global and local muscle systems in presented to support the development of a system of classification of muscle function and development of dysfunction related to musculoskeletal pain. The global muscles control range of movement and alignment, and evidence of dysfunction is presented in terms of imbalance in recruitment and length between the global stability muscles and the global mobility muscles. The local stability muscles demonstrate evidence of failure of aeequate segmental control in terms of allowing excessive uncontrolled translation or specific loss of cross-sectional area at the site of pathology Motor recruitment deficits present as altered timing and patterns of recruitment. The evidence of local and global dysfunction allows the development of an integrated model of movement dysfunction. The clinical diagnosis of this chronic low back pain condition is based on the report of pain and the observation of movement dysfunction within the neutral zone and the associated finding of excessive intervertebral motion at the symptomatic level. Four different clinical patterns are described based on the directional nature of the injury and the manifestation of the patient's symptoms and motor dysfunction. A specific stabilizing exercise intervention based on a motor learning model in proposed and evidence for the efficacy of the approach provided.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.369-375
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of injuries and the types of movement related to damage by body parts, and to prepare for prevention of injuries and development of a training program. Method: For this study, the experiment was conducted according to levels of 60 percentages (ST) and 85 percentages (MA) and 10 subjects from the Korean elite national weightlifting team were included. Furthermore, we analyzed joint moment and muscle activation pattern with three-dimensional video analysis. Ground reaction force and EMG analyses were performed to measure the factors related to injuries and motion. Results: Knee reinjuries such as anterior cruciate ligament damage caused by deterioration of the control ability for the forward movement function of the tibia based on the movement of the biceps femoris when the rectus femoris is activated with the powerful last-pull movement. In particular, athletes with previous or current injuries should perceive a careful contiguity of the ratio of the biceps femoris to the rectus femoris. This shows that athletes can exert five times greater force than the injury threshold in contrast to the inversion moment of the ankle, which is actively performed for a powerful last pull motion and is positively considered in terms of intentional motion. It is activated by excessive adduction and internal rotation moment to avoid excessive abduction and external rotation of the knee at lockout motion. It is an injury risk to muscles and ligaments, causing large adduction moment and internal rotation moment at the knee. Adduction moment in the elbow joint increased to higher than the injury threshold at ST (60% level) in the lockout phase. Hence, all athletes are indicated to be at a high risk of injury of the elbow adductor muscle. Lockout motion is similar to the "high five" posture, and repetitive training in this motion increases the likelihood of injuries because of occurrence of strong internal rotation and adduction of the shoulder. Training volume of lockout motion has to be considered when developing a training program. Conclusion: The important factors related to injury at snatch include B/R rate, muscles to activate the adduction moment and internal rotation moment at the elbow joint in the lockout phase, and muscles to activate the internal rotation moment at the shoulder joint in the lockout phase.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2023

Objective: This study examined differences in joint kinematics and movement variability of lower extremity between adolescent athletes with and without lateral ankle sprain (LAS) history during drop vertical jump. Method: Fourteen adolescent athletes with LAS history and 14 controls participated in this study. The independent variable was group while dependent variables were 3D joint kinematics and movement variability of hip, knee, and ankle joint. Ensemble curve analyses were conducted to identify differences in movement strategies between two groups. Results: The LAS group showed that greater eversion during jump phase compared with the control group. Additionally, less movement variability was found in the LAS group during the pre-landing and jump phases in ankle and hip joints compared with the control group. Conclusion: The LAS group may adapt the environmental constraints by reducing the movement variability in ankle and hip joints. However, training programs focusing on recovery of ankle function should be emphasized after LAS because excessive pronation for prevention of LAS during the jump phase may result in reduced performance.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.176-209
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• 1994

1. The Jung-Sa(正邪) of the Excessive Liver-Symptoms belongs to the eleven symptoms, there are blue face, blue thin fingernail, anger, fancy of larg body, dizziness, eye flame, Bell's palsy, hard swelling pain at braest, side pain going on the belly from the side, side pain and movement at the left side. 2. The Mi-Sa(微邪) of the Excessive Liver-Symptoms belongs to the four symptoms, there are meat in eye, edema in cheek, lack of appetite and diarrhea. 3. The Juk-Sa(賊邪) of the Excessive Liver-Symptoms belongs to the only one symptom, this is nosebleeding. 4. The Hu-Sa(虛邪) of the Excessive Liver-Symptoms belongs to the three symptoms, there are scrotum constraction, strain in belly and constipation. 5. The Sil-Sa(實邪) of the Excessive Liver-Symptoms belongs to the twenty eight symptoms, there are red eye, raised eyes(兩眼上?), spitting blood, sternocostal turgid pain, turgidity in belly, drooping testis, vomiting water acid, sickening, belching, confusion, impatience, frequent forgetfulness, headache, giddness, eye pain, deaf, ringing in the ear, feeling inverse, drying mouth, stuffiness sensation in the chest, chest pain, stuffiness sensation in the belly, bellyache, quadriplegia, spasm of extremities, tremor, alternate spells of fever and chills, high fever and strain in muscle. 6. Those symptoms, Red corner of the eye, red face, swelling on the forehead, stiff-neck and back strong, opisthotonos, constracture of the limbs, vomiting yellow bitter water, speech impediment, epilepsy, depression, strong tongue, different thing in throat, fullness and distention of the gastric region, feeling sick and tenesmus, have no connected with the Excessive Liver-Symptoms(肝實證) 7. The Excessive Liver-Symptoms(肝實證) is connected with the ganjabyoung(肝自病) and Hwa(火) which the pathology is, than because Mock(木) is excessive and Mock-Saeng-Hwa(木生火), the ganjabyoung(肝自病) and Sil-Sa(實邪) are many. 8. There are the sixteen symptoms with the exception of The Excessive Liver-Symptoms(肝實證), because supposed that the scholars in medicine included the union syndroms(合病), the combine syndroms(兼病) and the analysis of symptoms(辨證) in The Analysis of Five Visceral Symptoms. 9. During consideration of the symptoms at the above statements, where are many causes by Gan-Pung(肝風), there is difficult of distinction between the excessive Liver-Symptoms(肝實證) and C.V.A(Cerebral Vascular Attack). Because than NaeKyung(內經) distinguished between the excessive Liver-Symptoms(肝實證) and C.V.A., the future medical specialists connected with the excessive Liver-Symptoms(肝實證) and C.V.A.. 10. An appearance of Sang-Hwa(相火) that the liver possessed is divided into an appearance of Hwa(火), there will be making a study att the more necessary. 11. The cuases of each syndroms are consist of the origins of syndroms, its pathology and the positions where the syndroms appeared, I consider that is the various ways how judge the syndroms except the Five Pathogenic Factors(五邪). 12. If more than study will be achieved in all, the new definition will be standed about the Excessive and Deficient Five Visceral Syndroms(五臟虛實證), I consider this will be the foundation data that study the Oriental Medicine and the important data that is a judgement standard of clininc.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2004

치수 검사(pulp test)는 치아에 물리적 및 화학적 자극을 가하여 치수의 생활력(vitality) 여부를 판별하는 검사이다. 치과 임상에서 수행되는 검사 과정에서 피검자는 치아에 가해지는 역치 이상의 자극으로 인하여 큰 고통과 스트레스에 노출된다. 본 논문에서는 생활치수의 전기 치수 검사 시, 자극의 강도를 서서히 증가시켜 역치에 이르게 되면 나타나는 피검자의 동통반응으로 개구반사에 의한 악이복근의 근전도, 발성에 의한 음성 반응, 손가락의 움직임에 의한 반응을 각각 측정하였다. 또한 동통 반응이 발생하는 시점으로부터 자극이 차단될 때까지 피검자에게 필요이상으로 인가되는 과용 자극 시간을 측정하였으며, 과용자극 시간 측정 시 치수 검사기의 자극 차단 주체자에 따른 과용 자극 시간을 측정 분석하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 동통 반응에 의한 인체 반응 신호를 이용하여 치수검사기의 출력을 자동으로 차단하는 제어 스위치를 구성하였다. 피검자가 역치 자극을 느낀 후 나타나는 최초의 인체 반응의 10 ms 이내에 신속하게 검사기의 출력을 차단함으로써 과용자극 시간을 줄이고자 하였다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.553-574
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find out effects of prescriptions according to the formula, manipulation of Rhei Rhizoma, configuration. The following results were reached through investigations on the prescriptions using Rhei Rhizoma as a main component. Objectives : Analysis of prescriptions According to the formula : Liquid Extract Prescriptions were used widely on three parts to treat fever and damp heat in the interior organs. Powder Prescriptions were taken with hot water, thin porridge, tea etc. to treat damp heat, congestion of phlegm, acute episodes. Liquid Mixed Pill treat congestion of QI, damp heat, phlegm. Honey Mixed Pill treat accumulated fever, distension, acute excessive fever. Paste Pill treat blood stagnation, excessive toxic-fever, epidemic diseases. External Application treat inflammation by injury, swelling due to severe fever by internal damage. Methods : Analysis of prescriptions According to the manipulation of Rhei Rhizoma : Prescriptions including Liquor processed Rhei Rhizoma treat excessive toxic-fever, congestion of phlegm, blocking orifices on the upper side. Steamed Rhei Rhizoma strengthen effects of making evacuate and cooling of heat. Processed Rhei Rhizoma with vinegar strengthen effects of removing blood stagnation by activating blood movement, releasing gathering. Results : Analysis of prescriptions According to the Composition of Rhei Rhizoma : 41% of the total prescriptions were on the area of less than 20%. In case of lower groups show increased frequency of combination with Pharbitidis Semen, Persicae Semen, Scutellariae Radix and manipulation of baking, steaming, roasting. In case of higher groups show increased frequency of treating excess syndrome, critical illness, acute severe illness, and using proccesed Rhei Rhizoma with vinegar. Treatment of damp heat on the liver and gallbladder, disorder of the spleen and stomach is done mostly by prescriptions on the area of less than 30%. Conclusions : Rhei Rhizoma-Coptidis Rhizoma pair treat damp heat, heat toxins in blood, and Constipation caused by excessive heat. Rhei Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix pair relieve effects of Rhei Rhizoma passing blocked feces, removing the poison, activating blood movement, releasing gathering with the effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix relaxing tension by harmonizing Middle. Rhei Rhizoma-Magnoliae Cortex pair are used to treat damp heat in middle area, excessive heat in the stomach and intestine. Rhei Rhizoma-Pharbitidis Semen pair act on both blood system and QI system treating edema, damp, stagnation, heat toxins, feces. Rhei Rhizoma-Persicae Semen pair treat blood stagnation with fever on blood system.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.53-66
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• 1994

연약지반에 위치한 교대의 기초로서 말뚝기초를 채택할 경우 교대배면의 연약지반에는 측방유동같은 문제등이 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 지반이 측방유동을 일으킬 경우 기초말뚝은 전형적인 수동말뚝임에도 불구하고 교대기초말뚝의 설계시 수동말뚝으로 설계되지 않고 있다. 이러한 이유로는 측방유동의 정확한 판정이 어려운 점과 현재까지 합리적인 설계법이 확립되지 않은점 등을 들 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 측방이동이 발생된 우리나라의 몇몇 교대를 조사하였다. 이 조사에 의거하여 연약지반의 측방유동 판정 및 교대의 측방이동을 예측할 수 있는 판정기준을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구결과 사면안전율이 말뚝효과를 고려할 결우 1.8이하, 말뚝효과를 무시한 경우 1.5이하에서는 교대측방이동이 발생할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 사면안전율이 말뚝효과를 무시한 경우 1.0이하, 말뚝효과를 고려할 경우 1.1 이하에서는 과대한 교대측방이동이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 교대의 허용측방이동량을 5cm라고 하면 사면의 소요안전율은 1.4(말뚝효과를 무시한 경우) 혹은 1.6(말뚝효과를 고려한 경우)이상이 되어야 한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.1799-1804
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• 2010

연약지반 위에 설치된 교대나 옹벽과 같이 성토재하중을 받는 구조물은 연약지반의 과도한 변형 때문에 지반이 수평방향으로 이동하는 측방유동 현상이 발생할 수 있고 이로 인해 많은 피해가 발생할 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 원심모형시험을 이용하여 현장에서 교대 배면부 성토시 발생할 수 있는 교대 측방유동여부를 판단하였고, 교대측방유동에 대한 대책공법으로 압성토 공법을 적용하여 공법적용 후 지반과 교대 구조물에 대한 안정성 여부를 FEM(Finite Element Method)프로그램인 MIDAS/GTS를 이용하여 검토하였다. 원심모형시험 결과 현장에서 예측되는 교대의 수평변위는 허용치(15mm)를 초과하여 발생하였으며, 대책공법으로 압성토 공법 적용할 때 교대는 측방유동에 대해 안정하다는 사실을 수치해석을 통해 알 수 있었다.