• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.258-271
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• 2019

최근 남북관계의 변화에 따라 북한 문화유적에 대한 남한 고고학자들의 관심과 조사 열망이 고무되고 있다. 하지만 북한에 있는 문화유적, 비무장지대(Demilitarized Zone : DMZ)와 남한 지역에 분포하고 있는 문화유적에 대하여 얼마나 파악하고 있는지 의문스럽다. 태봉국 철원성은 남북 분단이라는 상황에서 고고학적 조사가 진행되기에는 한계가 있어 일제강점기 조사 자료를 중심으로 철원성에 대한 조사 상황을 살펴보았다. 세키노 다다시(關野貞), 도리이 류조(鳥居龍藏), 오가와 케이키치(小川敬吉) 등이 진행한 자료를 중심으로 살펴본 결과, 궁성 남쪽에 석등 1기, 외성 남벽 동쪽에 치우친 부분에 고려 태조가 창건한 봉선사와 관련된 석등 1기가 존재하였다는 것을 확인하였다. 하지만 석등의 위치 비정은 가능하지만 철원성(궁성, 내성, 외성)의 구체적인 양상은 파악하기 어렵다. 향후 실질적인 조사가 진행되기 전에 태봉국 철원성의 전체 경관을 파악하기 위하여 남방한계선 이남에 분포하고 있는 관방유적, 생활유적에 대한 조사가 필요하다. 급속한 개발과 경작지에 대한 대구획정리는 철원성과 도성 방어 체제에 대한 경관 복원을 어렵게 할 가능성이 높다. 실제로 경원선이 복원되는 과정에서 철원성 또는 봉선사지의 심각한 훼손 가능성이 확인되었다. 이러한 면에서 철원성과 도성의 경관을 복원하기 위하여 관계기관의 유기적인 협조와 고고학적 양상에 대한 사전 자료 축적이 선행되어야 한다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.4-37
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• 2019

고려 말부터 조선 초까지 200여년 동안 생산되었던 분청사기는 백자와 함께 왕실뿐 아니라 국가 행사에 사용되었던 조선 초기 국용(國用) 자기였다. 분청사기는 청자 백자와 달리 "세종실록" "지리지"에 그 생산처라고 할 수 있는 자기소와 도기소 기록이 남아 있어 매우 주목된다. 하지만 경상도에 비해 전라도 소재의 자기소 도기소 연구는 미진한 편이다. 본 논문에서는 조선시대 나주목에 소속되었던 나주목, 해진군, 영암군, 영광군, 함평현, 무안현, 장성현, 고창현, 흥덕현의 자기소 도기소 위치에 대해서 살펴보았다. 고찰 결과 다음과 같은 연구 성과를 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 일부 지역에 대해서는 기왕의 조사를 근거로 자기소를 추정한 연구 성과가 있었지만 유물, 즉 분청사기 편년만을 이용하여 한계가 있었다. 하지만 본 논문에서는 "세종실록" "지리지"에 각 지역별 자기소 도기소로 기록된 지명과 조선 후기 지방 행정 명칭을 기록한 "호구총수"의 지명을 대조하여 그 변화상을 추적하였다. 이와 아울러 자기 관련 지명, 지표 및 발굴조사에서 수습 확인된 유물과의 비교 검토를 통해 보다 더 정확한 자기소 도기소 위치를 찾으려고 하였다. 그리하여 일부 지역을 제외한 8개 시 군 9개 지역에 대한 위치를 비정하였다. 둘째, 자기소뿐 아니라 도기소에서의 자기 생산 가능성이 높아졌다. 그 이유는 나주목 도기소, 영암군 도기소, 무안현 도기소로 각각 비정되는 영암 청용리 동산 분청사기 요지, 영암 상월리 유천 분청사기 요지, 무안 청수리 청수동 분청사기 요지 등에서 분청사기가 확인되었기 때문이다. 또한 최근 김제 청도리 동곡마을 일대 발굴 결과 공납 자기로 추정할 수 있는 '공(公)'명, '상(上)'명 분청사기가 확인되었고, 이 요지가 위치하고 있는 청도리가 전주부 도기소 우림곡(雨林谷)이 있었던 우림곡면(雨林谷面) 지역으로 밝혀졌다. 전남 지역이 아니지만 매우 주목할 만한 유적이다. 도기소로 추정되는 유적에 대한 발굴조사가 이루어져 보다 많은 자료가 확보될 수 있다면, 이에 대한 연구 성과도 증가될 것으로 생각된다. 셋째, 기존 조사에서는 지표 혹은 발굴조사에서 출토된 유물만 중요시하였으나, 행정구역 명칭의 변화상을 추적하여, 보다 합리적이면서 가능성이 높은 지역을 자기소 도기소로 추정할 수 있었다. 따라서 요지가 위치하고 있는 해당 지명에 대한 변화나 자기 관련 지명도 간과해서는 안 될 것으로 생각된다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.173-194
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• 2017

Access shaft is of critical importance to the construction and operation of underground rock caverns. It usually has a relatively large cross-section and penetrates through fill materials, soil layers, and weathered rocks before reaching the caverns excavated in solid bedrock. In this paper, the design and construction of vertical shafts are reviewed in terms of diameter, depth, geological conditions, and support structure. Three shaft alternatives, namely alternative I: vertical shaft with spiral roads, alternative II: upper shaft with spiral roads & lower tunnels, alternative III: plain shaft, are proposed based on a simplified geological profile of the Jurong formation, Singapore. The advantages and limitations of the three types of shafts are discussed. The key issues relating to shaft design and construction, such as the shaft sinking, water control, support structure, are also discussed with a series of solutions provided, such as the sequential excavation, pre-grouting and diaphragm walls.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.63-79
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• 1993

The design of tunnels in rock masses often demands more informations on geologic features and rock mass properties than acquired by usual field survey and laboratory testings. In practice, the situation that a perfect set of geological and mechanical input data is given to geomechanics design engineer is rare, while the engineers are asked to achieve a high level of reliability in their design products. This study presents an artificial neural network which is developed to resolve the difficulties encountered in conventional design techniques, particulary the problem of deteriorating the confidence of existing numerical techniques such as the finite element, boundary element and distinct element methods due to the incomplete adn vague input data. The neural network has inferring capabilities to identify the possible failure modes, support requirements and its timing for underground openings, from previous case histories. Use of the neural network has resulted in a better estimate of the correlation between systems of rock mass classifications such as the RMR and Q systems. A back propagation learning algorithm together with a multi-layer network structure is adopted to enhance the inferential accuracy and efficiency of the neural network. A series of experiments comparing the results of the neural network with the actual field observations are performed to demonstrate the abilities of the artificial neural network as a new tunnel design assistance system.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.677-688
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to minimize salt water intrusion into freshwater aquifers and limit the development of freshwater aquifers, by selecting an appropriate excavation depth of in the western coastal area of Jeju Island. The study site was mostly basaltic lava, which was mainly composed of trachy basalt. A vertical logging test was conducted to investigate the vertical distribution of the groundwater and saline groundwater interface in the study well. It was found that freshwater groundwater, saline groundwater, and freshwater groundwater are distributed from the surface to approximately 16 m, 16~50 m, and 50~60 m, below the ground, respectively. In order obtain saline groundwater and minimize the inflow of freshwater into this well, the drilling depth should be limited in the range of 16~50 m from the surface. Thus, saline groundwater well development should be carried out with reference to the measurement results, which depend on the drilling depth and EC (electrical conductivity) obtained with drilling apparatus for geology and ground handling.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.66-75
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• 2006

As construction for road tunnel is increasing, various geotechnical conditions can be faced during the construction stage. Especially, if the tunnel is located in limestone area, many kinds of site investigations such as in-situ boring, electrical resistance survey, TSP(Tunnel Seismic Prediction) and etc., are conducted before and during the construction. By conducting these preliminary tests, location, size, and filling materials in limestone cavities can be approximately estimated. Once some cavities which can be harmful for tunnel safety are predicted, methods for ground reinforcement and tunnel excavation, corresponding those ground conditions, have to be established and verified by measurement data and numerical analysis. If necessary, invert lining should be also considered. In this paper, by studying some cases of tunnels constructed in limestone area, predicted problems during construction and rational countermeasures for those are presented.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.57-78
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• 1984

The object of this study is to offer the standarized data for the design and calculating engineering cost of the rock excavation an the construction of the 3rd and 4th Seoul Subway lines From Jnauary to March in 1983, this study was carried out by the both methods of the field and laboratary studies. In the field, the geological survey in the entire area of Seoul City and sites on the subway lines were carried out and also a site measure of uniaxial compressional strength of rock masses by using Schmidt hammer was done. The labartory studies were carsied out by a study of preuions surveyes, microscopic studies of the mineral composition and degree of weathering of rocks, and measure of uniaxial compressional strengths Finally an engineering classification of each rock masses of South Africa council for Scientific and Industrial Research, CSIR, after Bieniawski, 1974. was done. In this method of classification 6 parameters such as strength of intact rock material, rock quality designation, spacing of fractures, condition of fractures, groundwater conditions, and the effect of fracture strike and dip orientation in tunnelling were used to evaluate rating of each rock mass.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2012

This study is to propose development direction of sang-dang mountain fortress toward the utilization of historical and cultural heritage as tourist attraction through the consideration of problems on sang-dang mountain fortress development. First of all, the historical significance, development project and status of Sang-dang mountain fortress was figured out. Furthermore, using pattern and general user's view was understood through the questionnaire survey then research on the actual condition of traditional korean village was performed. The ongoing development project focusing on restoration of cultural properties to its original state through an archaeological excavation investigation turned out to be lack of consideration on the utilization of sang-dang mountain fortress such as tourists inducement. Furthermore, the measures on traditional korean village which has been a problem by forming commercial area recklessly have been left off. Therefore, additional development plan is required on convenient and amenity facilities and rest places for visitors including environment improvement of traditional korean village based on the development for the restoration of cultural properties to its original state.

• Architectural research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2018

The restoration of foundations supporting the immense load of the stone pagoda at Mireuksa Temple Site prioritizes securing its structural stability. But so far, rammed earth construction is still not easy to determine the structural stability. This paper aims to emphasize that a scientific experimental study was conducted on a rammed earth construction, to identify its methodology and obtain objective data about structural stability of the foundation work. An experimental study fabricated specimens from the soil that had been removed during the excavation survey, determined the allowable bearing capacity through plate load tests, and compared the results with the predicted stress after reassembly of the stone pagoda to estimate the structural stability. Then, the repair method was selected based on the experimental study result. The evaluation method of the restoration of foundations consisted of an examination of the allowable bearing capacity and settlement. The allowable bearing of the reinforced foundation was more than twice the contact pressure under the stacked stones of the pagoda. The possibility of settlement of the rammed earth foundation soil layer during the pagoda assembly is expected to be very low because the settlement amount of the reformed soil layer is less than half of the settlement of the stabilized existing soil layer.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2015

In this paper, a survey related to excavation construction activities among national and international construction companies was conducted to evaluate site productivity in construction industry. To analyze the respective productivity levels of each construction company, a benchmarking measures analysis that featured calculations of the performance ratio (PR) and performance management index (PMI) was performed. As a result of these analyses, it has been found that the work performed by local companies was marked by lower productivity and that of international companies was characterized by good productivity. Further analysis of construction workforce resources P% revealed that a construction company's productivity is largely dependent on production capacity and consumption resources, which means that the retention of skilled workers and utilization of high-quality resources yields the highest level of productivity. These results suggest that for a local construction company to be competitive in the construction work market, it must retrain skilled craftspeople, foremen, engineers, and project managers, and strengthen its building capability by leveraging new equipment and technologies.