• Title/Summary/Keyword: Examples of a Triangle

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The Analysis of Children's Reasoning Types In Identifying Examples and Non-examples of a Triangle (삼각형인 예와 삼각형이 아닌 예의 식별 과정에서 나타난 초등학생의 추론 유형 분석)

  • Kim, Kyung-Mi;Kim, Hyun-Eun
    • Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.263-287
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    • 2010
  • The purposes of the study were to investigate how children define a triangle, their reasoning types in identifying examples and non-examples of a triangle, and the relationship between their reasoning types and geometrical levels. Twenty-nine students consisted of 3th to 6th grades were involved in the study. Using the van Hiele levels of geometrical thought, children's reasoning types for identifying a figure as a triangle or non-triangle were categorized into visual reasoning, reasoning based on the figure's attributes and formal reasoning. The figure's attributes were further divided into critical and non-critical attributes. Most children identified a figure as a triangle or non-triangle based on critical attributes of the figure(e.g. closed figure, three, vertices, straight sides etc.) Some children identified a figure based on non-critical attributes of the figure(e.g. the length of the sides, the measurement of the angles, or the orientation of the figure). Particularly, some children who had lower levels of geometry identified a figure using visual reasoning, taking in the whole shape without considering that the shape is made up of separate components.

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Revisiting Triangle : a Foundational Element of Plane Geometry (평면도형 탐구의 기본 요소로서 삼각형의 재조명)

  • Do, Jong-Hoon
    • The Mathematical Education
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.493-502
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    • 2007
  • What is a foundational element of plane geometry? Isn't it possible to constitute the contents of plane geometry from that element? In this paper, we suggest a view point that triangle is a foundational element of plane geometry. And take some examples of reconstruction of usually given contents and mathematical activity centered on the triangle in plane geometry.

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CENTROIDS AND SOME CHARACTERIZATIONS OF PARALLELOGRAMS

  • Kim, Dong-Soo;Lee, Kwang Seuk;Lee, Kyung Bum;Lee, Yoon Il;Son, Seongjin;Yang, Jeong Ki;Yoon, Dae Won
    • Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.637-645
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    • 2016
  • For a polygon P, we consider the centroid $G_0$ of the vertices of P, the centroid $G_1$ of the edges of P and the centroid $G_2$ of the interior of P, respectively. When P is a triangle, the centroid $G_0$ always coincides with the centroid $G_2$. For the centroid $G_1$ of a triangle, it was proved that the centroid $G_1$ of a triangle coincides with the centroid $G_2$ of the triangle if and only if the triangle is equilateral. In this paper, we study the relationships between the centroids $G_0$, $G_1$ and $G_2$ of a quadrangle P. As a result, we show that parallelograms are the only quadrangles which satisfy either $G_0=G_1$ or $G_0=G_2$. Furthermore, we establish a characterization theorem for convex quadrangles satisfying $G_1=G_2$, and give some examples (convex or concave) which are not parallelograms but satisfy $G_1=G_2$.

Construction of a macro plane stress triangle element with drilling d.o.f.'s (드릴링 자유도를 가진 매크로 삼각형 요소를 이용한 평면 응력 해석)

  • 엄재성;김영태;이병채
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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    • 2004.10a
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    • pp.886-889
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    • 2004
  • A simple macro triangle with drilling d.o.f.'s is proposed for plane stress problems based on IET(Individual element test) and finite element template. Three-node triangular element has geometrical advantages in preprocessing but suffers from bad performance comparing to other shapes of elements -especially quadrilateral. Main purpose of this study is to construct a high-performance linear triangular element with limited supplementary d.o.f.'s. A triangle is divided by three sub-triangles with drilling d.o.f.'s. The sub-triangle stiffness come from IET passing force-lumping matrix, so this assures the consistency of the element. The macro element strategy takes care of the element‘s stability and accuracy like higher-order stiffness in the F.E. template. The resulting element fits on the uses of conventional three-node. Benchmark examples show proposed element in closed form stiffness from CAS (Computer algebra system) gives the improved results without more computational efforts than others.

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A study on the post-processing functions in a polygon-based reverse engineering system (폴리곤 기반 역공학 시스템의 후처리 기능에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Jin-Pyo;park, kwang-Hyun;Choi, Young;Jun, Yong-Tae;Rho, Hyung-Min
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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    • 2001.04a
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    • pp.41-44
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    • 2001
  • In reverse engineering, the whole surfaces of the three-dimensional(3D) product are measured using 3D positional scanners. The raw triangle meshes constructed from a scanned point set are not well suited for direct use in the downstream activities. This is because the amount of triangle meshes may be very large(from millions to hundreds of millions) and usually distorted by scanning error. Furthermore, the triangle meshes may contain several holes that must be filled. Thus, several solutions have to be addressed and implemented before a complete CAD models can be acquired. This paper discusses on the algorithms of decimation, smoothing, and hole-filling that are crucial to refine the triangle meshes. Several examples are also given and discussed to validate the system.

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Revisiting Triangle : a Foundational Element of Plane Geometry (평면도형 탐구의 기본 요소로서 삼각형 다시 보기)

  • Do, Jong-Hoon
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society of Mathematical Education Conference
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    • 2007.06a
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    • pp.37-50
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    • 2007
  • What is a foundational element of plane geometry? Isn't it possible to constitute the contents of plane geometry from that element? In this paper, we suggest a view point that triangle is a foundational element of plane geometry. And take some examples of reconstruction of usually given contents and mathematical activity centered on the triangle in plane geometry.

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Designing Mathematical Activities Centered on Conjecture and Problem Posing in School Mathematics (학교수학에서 추측과 문제제기 중심의 수학적 탐구 활동 설계하기)

  • Do, Jong-Hoon
    • The Mathematical Education
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    • v.46 no.1 s.116
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    • pp.69-79
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    • 2007
  • Students experience many problem solving activities in school mathematics. These activities have focused on finding the solution whose existence was known, and then again conjecture about existence of solution or posing of problems has been neglected. It needs to put more emphasis on conjecture and problem posing activities in school mathematics. To do this, a model and examples of designing mathematical activities centered on conjecture and problem posing are needed. In this article, we introduce some examples of designing such activities (from the pythagorean theorem, the determination condition of triangle, and existing solved-problems in textbook) and examine suggestions for mathematics education. Our examples can be used as instructional materials for mathematically able students at middle school.

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Prediction in run-off triangle using Bayesian linear model (삼각분할표 자료에서 베이지안 모형을 이용한 예측)

  • Lee, Ju-Mi;Lim, Jo-Han;Hahn, Kyu-S.;Lee, Kyeong-Eun
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.411-423
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    • 2009
  • In the current paper, by extending Verall (1990)'s work, we propose a new Bayesian model for analyzing run-off triangle data. While Verall's (1990) work only account for the calendar year and evolvement time effects, our model further accounts for the "absolute time" effects. We also suggest a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method that can be used for estimating the proposed model. We apply our proposed method to analyzing three empirical examples. The results demonstrate that our method significantly reduces prediction error when compared with the existing methods.

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An Analysis on the Actual Condition of Land Expropriation System of Local Governments and Its Improvement Plan (지방자치단체 토지수용제도 실태분석과 개선방안)

  • Kim, Hyeong-Geun;Kim, Boo-Sung;Lim, Dong-Jin;Kim, Dong-Hyun
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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    • v.6 no.6
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    • pp.929-937
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    • 2011
  • This thesis is intended for addressing issues of the local expropriation committee system by drawing the policy suggestion through theoretical considerations on the land expropriation system of the UK and of the US, and for finding a plan to improve the system by focusing on the examples of land expropriation of local governments. The US' Takings utilize a public hearing and the jury system. When property is expropriated through eminent domain, stakeholders and citizens share the necessity of the expropriation and its awareness through a public hearing, and project institutes (administrative organizations) file a lawsuit to a law court to exercise takings. In the case of Compulsory Purchase in the UK, the system should be based on laws established by the Parliament, and the resolution to use CPO is also decided by district councils. So the system is able to prevent power abuse. As a plan to improve the land expropriation committee of local governments, it is necessary ${\triangle}$ to enhance the professionality of the local land expropriation committee, ${\triangle}$ to expropriate lands by the analysis of land type, and ${\triangle}$ to come up with alternative measures to prevent the rights of the expropriated.

A Study on Filling Polygonal Holes in a Polygon-based Reverse Engineering System (폴리곤 기반 역공학 시스템의 구멍메움에 관한 연구)

  • Jeon, Yong-Tae;Park, Kwang-Hyun;No, Hyung-Min;Choi, Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.140-147
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    • 2004
  • In reverse engineering, the whole surfaces of the three-dimensional product are measured using 3D positional scanners. The raw triangle meshes constructed from a scanned point set are not well fitted for direct use in the downstream engineering or graphic activities. No object can be fully described by a single scan. Although multiple scans are usually taken and aligned to achieve a complete model, a set of scanned points does not entirely wrap the whole object. This is because some surfaces may be inaccessible to the scanner, so some portion of the scanned surface may be missing. This paper discusses the algorithms of a hole-filling that are crucial to refine the triangle meshes. In this paper, the holes are filled with flat triangles first by subdivision operation and then smoothed with neighboring triangles. This process continues until it converges to a certain user-defined iteration number. Examples are given and discussed to validate the system.