• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2007

The purpose of this survey research was to investigate the relationship between the health promotion and the Oral Health knowledge of 230 adults which lived in Kyunggi-do using SPSSWIN 12.0. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. Objects who take the periodic health examination was 38.2% and the opposite case was 61.8%. And the reseach subjects who take the periodic dental examination was 30.7% and the opposite case was 69.3%. 2. The research subjects who take the Oral Health education was 11.8% and the opposite case was 88.2%. 3. The relationship between the general characteristic and health promotion status of the research subjects taking periodic examination showed statistically significant difference at items of ages, occupation and the reason of training (p < 0.05). 4. In case of the relationship of the Oral Health knowledge according to sex distinction, 68.4% of all research subjects thought that the appropriate toothbrushing time was around 3 minutes, but it did not show significant difference statistically. 5. In case of the Oral Health knowledge according to age, it showed significant difference statistically at item of 'the toothbrushing time is after each meal and before retiring (p = .032)', item of 'if you use the fluorine, you can prevent the dental caries (p = .011)', and item of 'foods causing the dental caries are a chocholate and a biscuit, etc. (p-.044). 6. In case of the Oral Health knowledge according to the occupation, 68.4% of all reasearch subjects thought that the appropriate toothbrushing time was around 3 minutes (p = .043), and it showed significant difference statistically. 7. In case of he relationship between reseach subjects taking the periodic examination and the Oral Health knowledge, it did not show significant difference statistically.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.233-243
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors of perception by inpatients of the Dental Hospital institutions about exposure to radioactivity at the time of radioactive examination, providing basic information for making educational materials aimed to change their perception. Most of those patients, 65.5.0% responded that CT was a type of radioactive examination bringing highest exposure to radiosensitivity. Most of the subjects, 56.1% said that a body part most vulnerable to exposure to radiosensitivity was the genital gland at the time of radiosensitivity examination. And most of the participants, or 26.3% responded that they obtained information about radiation from TVs or newspapers. Among the surveyed patients, men were higher in scores for factors of the perception of radiation such as recognition of radiation, harmfulness of radiation, psychological state at the time of radioactive examination, prevention of exposure to radioactivity and necessity of radiation that women were, with statistically significant differences between the two groups. These findings suggest that it is urgently needed to develop an education program which helps patients better perceive exposure to radioactivity and that radiologists should be very careful to reduce the does of that exposure. If patients better perceive radiation, they would be less anxious and less exposed to radioactivity when receiving the radioactive examination.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.381-392
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors of perception by inpatients of the Primary Health Care institutions about exposure to radioactivity at the time of radioactive examination, providing basic information for making educational materials aimed to change their perception. Most of those patients, 65.5% responded that CT was a type of radioactive examination bringing highest exposure to radiosensitivity. Most of the subjects, 56.1% said that a body part most vulnerable to exposure to radiosensitivity was the genital gland at the time of radiosensitivity examination. And most of the participants, or 26.3% responded that they obtained information about radiation from TVs or newspapers. Among the surveyed patients, men were higher in scores for factors of the perception of radiation such as recognition of radiation, harmfulness of radiation, psychological state at the time of radioactive examination, prevention of exposure to radioactivity and necessity of radiation that women were, with statistically significant differences between the two groups. These findings suggest that it is urgently needed to develop an education program which helps patients better perceive exposure to radioactivity and that radiologists should be very careful to reduce the does of that exposure. If patients better perceive radiation, they would be less anxious and less exposed to radioactivity when receiving the radioactive examination.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.3
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• pp.5-20
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• 1993

This study was aimed to investigate the actual condition of the performance of the occupational health nursing services, and to analyze a main cause which affects on the execution of its duties for occupational health nurses in occupational group health service. It had been surveyed by responsed data from the 105 respondents out of 180 persons. The results were as follows : 1. In performance of occupational health nursing services by the number of assigned plant, participation rate of health examination tended to significantly increase with decreasing the number of assigned and it was observed that the visiting rate of every month was also significantly higher on touring inspection of work plant, recommendation of facility improvement for work environment, understanding the modification of manufacturing process, and inspection of welfare and sanitation facilities. 2. While they executed their nursing services according to duration of service, the more, their duration of service was, the higher, participation rate of health examination, health check in returning to work for injured workers, talk with other health managers on promoting welfare, service evaluation for a year plan, record of health statistic, and experience of first aid service were. And it was found out that the visiting rate of every month was also significantly higher on touring inspection of work plant. 3. In regard to occupational health nursing services by age, the participation rate of health examination and the experience of first aid service were significantly higher as the age increased. And also the visiting rate of every month was significantly higher on touring inspection of work plant, compared with young ones. 4. In performance of occupational health nursing services by the time required visiting plant, The shorter, the time required visiting plant was, the higher, the visiting rate of every month was, on time of health consultation for diseased workers, and inspection of welfare and sanitation facilities. 5. The subjects of health education were mostly liver disease and occupational hearing loss and video tape was used mostly in health education, monthly health education was the highest in 1-3 times(74.5%) and its duration was the highest in about 60 minutes(33.3%). 6. Vaccination of hepatitis among the specific health services was the highest accounting for 64.7%.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2013

To determine the factors affecting the external radiation dose rates of patients undergoing PET-MRI examinations and to assess the trends of these differences, we measured the changes in the dose rates of $^{18}F$-FDG during a set period of time for each body region. Consistent with theoretical predictions, the dose rate decreased over time in patients undergoing PET-MRI examinations. Furthermore, immediately after the $^{18}F$-FDG injection, the dose rate in the chest region was the highest, followed by the abdominal region, the head region, and the foot region. The dose rate decreased drastically as time passed, by 2.47-fold, from $339.23{\pm}74.70mSv\;h^{-1}$ ($6.73{\pm}5.79$ min) at the time point immediately after the $^{18}F$-FDG injection to $102.71{\pm}26.17mSv\;h^{-1}$ ($136.11{\pm}25.64$ min) after the examination. In the foot region, there were no significant changes over time, from $32.05{\pm}20.23mSv\;h^{-1}$ ($6.73{\pm}5.79$ min) at the time point immediately after the $^{18}F$-FDG injection, to $23.89{\pm}9.14mSv\;h^{-1}$ ($136.11{\pm}25.64$ min) after the examination. The dose rate is dependent on the individual characteristics of the patient, and differed depending on the body region and time point. However, the dose rates were higher in patients who had a lower body weight, shorter stature, fewer urinations, lower fluid intake, and history of diabetes mellitus. To decrease radiation exposure, it is difficult or impossible to change factors inherent to the patient, such as sex, age, height, body weight, obesity, and history of diabetes mellitus. However, factors which can be changed, such as the $^{18}F$-FDG dose, fasting time, fluid intake, number of urinations, and contrast agent dose can be controlled to minimize the external radiation exposure of the patient.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.35-40
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to conduct a monitoring study on the learning process of e-learning contents. This study has two research objectives. First, by conducting monitoring research on the learning process, we aim to explore the implications for content development that reflects future student needs. Second, we want to collect empirical basic data on the estimation of appropriate amount of learning. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is a case study of learner's learning process in e-learning. After completion of the study, an in-depth interview was made after conducting a test to measure the total amount of cognitive load and the level of engagement that occurred during the learning process. The tool used to measure cognitive load is NASA-TLX, a subjective cognitive load measurement method. In the monitoring process, we observe external phenomena such as page movement and mouse movement path, and identify cognitive activities such as Think-Aloud technique. Results - In the total of three research subjects, the two courses showed excess learning time compared to the learning time, and one course showed less learning time than the learning time. This gives the following implications for content development. First, it is necessary to consider the importance of selecting the target and contents level according to the level of the subject. Second, it is necessary to design the learner participation activity that meets the learning goal level and to calculate the appropriate time accordingly. Third, it is necessary to design appropriate learning support strategy according to the learning task. This should be considered in designing lessons. Fourth, it is necessary to revitalize contents design centered on learning activities such as simulation. Conclusions - The implications of the examination system are as follows. First, it can be confirmed that there is difficulty in calculating the amount of learning centered on learning time and securing objective objectivity. Second, it can be seen that there are various variables affecting the actual learning time in addition to the content amount. Third, there is a need for reviewing the system of examination of learning amount centered on 'learning time'.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6697-6704
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• 2015

Background: The burden of breast and cervical cancer is changing over time in developing countries. Regular screening is very important for early detection and treatment. In this study, we assessed inequalities in breast and cervical cancer screening rates in women according to household wealth status, and analyzed the potential predictors associated with a low cancer screening rate in Jordan. Materials and Methods: A nationwide populationbased cross-sectional survey collected information on different variables at the national level. All ever-married women (the phrase is used throughout the text to refer to women who had ever married) aged 15-49 years were included in the survey. Analysis of breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE) at least once in the previous year was carried out in 11,068 women, while lifetime Pap-smear testing was carried out in 8,333 women, aged 20-49 years. Results: Over 39% and 19% of ever-married Jordanian women reported having undergone a breast examination during the previous year and Pap smear examination at least once in their lifetime, respectively. The rate of BSE in the previous year was 31.5%, that of CBE in the previous year was 19.3%, and that of Pap smear examination at least once in life was 25.5%. The adjusted OR was higher for performing BSE (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04-1.43), undergoing CBE (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08-1.60) and undergoing Pap smear examination (aOR 2.38, 95% CI 1.92-2.93) among women in the highest wealth-index quintile as compared to those in the lowest quintile. The concentration index was 0.11 for BSE, 0.01 for CBE, and 0.27 for Pap smear examination. Women in their twenties, living in rural or the southern region of Jordan, with an elementary school education or less, who listened to the radio or read the newspaper not more than a few times a year, and nulliparous women were less likely to undergo breast and cervical cancer screening. Conclusions: The rates of breast and cervical cancer screening are low in Jordan. Reducing the sociodemographic and economic inequalities in breast and cervical cancer screenings requires concerted outreach activities for women living under socially deprived conditions.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 1993

The Purpose of this study was to explore the condition of periodic medical examination and the health care services of industries in order to offer some basic data on developing industrial nursing care. To achieve this goal a self - administered questionnaire (developed by the academic affairs of community health nursing) was provieded to the nurses in 56 industries from Dec. 10, 1992 to Jan. 20, 1993. The statistical computer package, SPSS, was used to manipulate the data along with T-test and ANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. General characteristics: The greater part of the industries were manufacturing company, and below 300 employees of industry were 55.4%. The shift system was mostly one shift(66.1%) and three shift(23.2%), and 50.0% them organized the Industrial Safety and Health Commitee. Average a number of employees was 631 person. 2. Periodic Medical Examination: Most of the workers were receiving periodic medical examination from the designated hospital (95.71%). From the about 12.89% were gone through a colse medical examination. In colse medical examination 58.41% were decided 'C' and 36.73% were decided 'D'. About 6.23% off those who had any clinical findings were work-time shortening(7.84%), work-transition(8.12%), recoverating at home. The majority of the workers receive the result of the periodic medical examination individually (78.5%). 3. Special medical examination: The rate of those who are receiving special medical examination were 76.82% and about 8.24% were decided 'C' and 1.23% were decided 'D' Those who had any health problems were receiving follow-up checking (9.10%) and medical treatment while working (15.04%). The health managers in the company can consult (85.7%) those who had any suspicious sign and symptoms of occupational disease. 4. Health care services: The average score of health care services were 17.57 point out of 28 point, and the score was lower in health assessment and environmental hygiene than medical diagnosis and health education. There were significant differences in environmental hygine (F=3.72, P=0.017), health care services(F=3.94, P=0.013) according to the size of the size of the industries The other's significancy is not shown by any type of industrial nurse. The level of health care services were higher in the wokers who had better health and showed no singificant differences(T=-0.73, P=0.470).

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.331-340
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• 2000

Primary school is regarded as an important period when many health-related behaviors and life-styles begin to be formed. Acquiring them through school heath education has a strong influence on the health promotion of not only the family but also the community. The objectives of this study were to evaluate current oral health care of elementary schools in Chungnam province and to provide information for further development in elementary school oral health. We performed a questionnaire survey to 280 health teachers and among them, 155 teachers answered. The result of this study were as follows: 1. Sixty five percent of the health teachers had little interest in oral health. Major information sources for teaching oral health were books in 58.1% of the 155 teachers and 83.2% of teachers spent 30 minutes to 1hour per day in oral health care practice for the students. 2. Contents of the oral health education were composed of regular and special curriculums, and an average of education time during a semester was 2.6 hours in 3rd grade, and 1.3 hours in first and second grade. 60.6% of the teachers made the children practice the proper method of tooth brushing during the education time. 3. Major problems in oral health education were insufficient time, lack of equipment and difficulty in teaching method. The educational media were tooth models among 91.0% and OHP among 85.2% of the teachers. The tooth model was usually used in first to fourth grades and OHP in fifth to sixth grades. But 63.9% health teachers need to develop stronger educational methods using multimedia. 4. Meanwhile the most important strategy of oral health in urban schools was health education, that of rural schools was fluoride mouth-rinsing programme. Fluoride mouth-rinsing programmes were performed by 60.0% of the elementary school. Periodic dental examination was performed in all elementary schools. 98.2% of the schools sent the results home through school notification letters, but post-examination management was performed in only 67.1% of them 64.5% of the health teachers do follow-ups on the oral disease of the children after the examination. Only 0.7% of the schools have oral health education plans for the students' parents. Considering these major strategies for elementary school oral health care were health education, practicing proper methods of tooth brushing, periodic dental examinations, and fluoride mouth-rinsing programmes. But health teachers need more time for oral health education, practicing and management, and developing education materials. With regard to the high demand for oral health education and poor follow-up after periodic examination, the oral health education in elementary school should be considered as a formal educational course for more proper management of oral health, including application of major strategies to the children in earlier grades and efforts for increasing recognition and participation of the parents.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.226-254
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• 1999

For the first time, the theory of ChonKwanChuk(寸關尺) and the examination method of KyungJung(輕重法) of KiGu(氣口) were formed in "NanKyung(難經)". After that, the vicera assignment theory at left and right hands(左右守藏府記屬理論) was established in "MaekKyung(脈經)" After Reserching the theoretical relevance of the two books, theories between the doctors who understood the examination method of ChukBu(尺部診法) of "Somun MaekYoJungMiRon(素問 脈要精微論)" as the examination method of KyungJung(輕重法) and the doctors who understood that method as the method of ChonKwanChuk(寸關尺) were compared and researched. The results were as follows : 1. The posit ion of ChonKwanChuk(寸關尺) of the examination method of ChonKwanChuk(寸關尺法) is explained at 2nd Nan(二難) of "NanKyung" as follows. Chuk(尺) is the position which is 1Chon(1寸, unit) distant from Kwan(關) to the direction of ChukTaek acupuncture point(尺澤穴) and Chon(寸) is the position which is 9Pun(9分, unit) distant from Kwan(關) to the direction of EoJe acupuncture point(魚際穴). And the six vessels(六經) were assined to ChonKwanChuk(寸關尺) on the basis of OHangJaMoSnagSaeng(五行子母相生) at 18th Nan(18難) of NanKyung. After that Yang Hyun-Jo(楊玄操) at Dang Dynasty, Jung Deok-Yong(丁德用), Woo Seo(廬庶) at Song dynasty explaind the examination method of ChonKwanChuk(寸關尺法) of NanKyung as the method of ChonKwanChuk of two hands(兩手寸關尺法) from the viewpoint of "MaekKyung(脈經)". 2. From the viewpoint of MaeKyung, the vicera assignment of the two hand ChonKwanChuk method is as follows. At Chuk of left hand, the Heart and Small intestine are assigned. At Kwan of left hand, the Liver and Gall Bladder are assigned. At Chuk of left hand, the Kidney and Bladder are assigned. At Chuk of right hand, the Lung and Large in testine are assigned. At Kwan of right hand, the Spleen and Stomach are assigned. At Chuk of Right hand, the Vital Gate(命門) and Bladder are assigned. 3. For the first time, HwalSu(滑壽) at Won dynasty said that the paragraph "尺內兩傍${\cdots}{\cdots}$" of "Somun MaekYoJungMiRon" is the first of the examination method of KiGu(氣口診脈法). After that Ma Shi(馬蒔), Jang Gae-Bin(張介賓) of Myung Dynasty, Jang Ji-Chong(張志聰), Seo Dae-Chun(徐大椿) of Chung Dynasty who were influenced by him explained that paragraph as the method of KiGuChonKwanChuk(氣口寸關尺法). 4. Lee Kyu-Jun(李圭晙) explained the paragraph "尺內兩傍${\cdots}{\cdots}$" of "Somun MaekYoJungMiRon" as the method of KyungJung(輕重法) and explained Chok(尺) as the paragraph 'Chuk is low position of Kigu, and it means the depth(氣口之下位也, 言其深也)' and explained that 'the Left and the Right is layers(左右者層數). And he revised that the Jang(臟) must be examined at the inner part and the Bu(府) must be examined at the outer part. By this, he settled the theoratical basis of the method of KyungJung(輕重法). 5. The doctors who used the examination method of ChonKwanChok(寸關尺診法) settled their logical justification of the two hand examination method of ChonKwanChuk(兩手寸關尺診法) by connecting with "Somon MaekYoJungMi-Ron" from the viewpoint of 2nd Nan(難) and 18th Nan(難) of NanKyung and MaekKyung. On the contrary, the doctors who used the examination method of KyungJung(輕重診法) settled their logical justification of the examination method of KyungJung(輕重診法) by connecting with "Somun MaekYoJungMiRon" from the viewpoint of 4th Nan(四難) and 5th Nan(五難).