• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.74
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• pp.45-78
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• 2022

South Africa implemented apartheid from 1948 to 1994. The main content of this policy was to classify races such as whites, Indians, mixed-race people, and blacks, and to limit all social activities, including residence, personal property ownership, and economic activities, depending on the class. All races except white people were discriminated against and suppressed for having different skin colors. South African citizens resisted the government's indiscriminate violence, and public opinion criticizing them expanded beyond the local community to various parts of the world. One of the things that made this possible was photographs detailing the scene of the violence. Foreign journalists who captured popular oppression as well as photographers from South Africa were immersed in recording the lives of those who were marginalized and suffered on an individual level. If they had not been willing to inform the reality and did not actually record it as a photo, many people would not have known the horrors of the situation caused by racial discrimination. Therefore, this paper focuses on Rise and Fall of Apartheid: Photography and the Bureau of Everyday Life, which captures various aspects of apartheid and displays related records, and examines the aspects of racism committed in South Africa described in the photo. The exhibition covers the period from 1948 when apartheid began until 1995, when Nelson Mandela was elected president and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was launched to correct the wrong view of history. Many of the photos on display were taken by Peter Magubane, Ian Berry, David Goldblatt, and Santu Mofoken, a collection of museums, art galleries and media, including various archives. The photographs on display are primarily the work of photographers. It is both a photographic work and a media that proves South Africa's past since the 1960s, but it has been mainly dealt with in the field of photography and art history rather than from a historical or archival point of view. However, the photos have characteristics as records, and the contextual information contained in them is characterized by being able to look back on history from various perspectives. Therefore, it is very important to expand in the previously studied area to examine the time from various perspectives and interpret it anew. The photographs presented in the exhibition prove and describe events and people that are not included in South Africa's official records. This is significant in that it incorporates socially marginalized people and events into historical gaps through ordinary people's memories and personal records, and is reproduced in various media to strengthen and spread the context of record production.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.1 s.63
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• pp.243-252
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• 2006

This essay studies local design style in globalization era through investigation of the restaurants which are located at suburb of big cities in Korea. All regional memory and history is disappeared in 'The world time' and world design style in globalization era. Thus to study local design means to study the history of certain region and the memory of the people who lives in that area and how they represent their past and memory. Post colonial theory, everyday aesthetics and the way of using past and memory are preresearched for the theoretical background. Post colonial theory is discourse for the countries which have the experience of colonialism. History and memory are used for defining present political, social, economical and cultural situation. In this essay, the way using past and memory were classified in three dimension - by government, company, and individuals. The past which is represented by government is conceptual and defined as only sign without on going history. When it is represented by company, it is also uses as a sign and imitation without contextual meaning. However, when the past is used by individuals, it is alive in daily life. This essay argues that those restaurants which have the style of 'the Koreaness' symbolize the suppressed desire to represent the lost past and memory which are forced to be exduded during the colonial period and fast modern development. And the design style can be defined as epic design, for it has it's own main character, story, memory and plot too. This word 'epic' imply the main point of local design style. In conclusion, this essay will ask the role of design in the country which has colonial memory in globalization era.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2000

Soft tissue defects of the dorsum of foot and ankle can be covered from skin graft to free tissue transfer. The extent of injury which may be complex including the exposure of paratenons or bones requires free flap reconstruction. Some of the precautions for reconstruction are providing minimal bulkiness and well conforming to irregular contour thus making normal footwear possible. Though the muscle flap having its advantages and versatility, the fascial flap such as temporoparietal fascial flap has been considered the choice for reconstruction of the dorsum of foot and ankle. The purpose of our study is to utilize the advantages and versatility of the muscle flap as a first choice for reconstruction for the defects involving the dorsum of foot and ankle. The gracilis muscle with its anatomic and donor characteristics, it can be utilized to maximal effect by expanding its slim muscle width removing the epimysium and reducing its bulk by muscle atrophy through denervation. We present our experience with ten cases of reconstruction for the dorsum of foot and ankle using the gracilis muscle free flap. Results were satisfactory without flap loss, skin loss and infection. The contour and aesthetic aspect of the foot was satisfactory. Gait analysis showed near normal gait without limitations from everyday activities. Normal footwear was tolerable in all the cases. The keys to consider in the reconstruction of the dorsum of foot and ankle are appropriate bulkiness, conforming to its contour and able to apply normal footwear. With minimal donor morbidity and satisfying results, the extended gracilis muscle should be considered as the first line for reconstruction of the ankle and dorsum of foot.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.697-704
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• 2007

Purpose: The objective of the study is to identify plastic surgeons' views on the effects of online communication between doctors and patients.Methods: Cross-sectional online survey of members of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons was made to identify their evaluation on the accuracy and the relevance of the internet health information and their perceptions of the effects of discussing the information with the patients on time-efficiency, requests for specific interventions, health outcomes, and the doctor-patient relationship. A questionnaire with 25 items was sent to the surgeons' e-mails, and 111 replied. SPSS Win version 12.0 was used to analyze the statistical differences and meanings among data.Results: The percentage of the plastic surgeons who were experiencing the online communication was 65.8%, and the most frequent medium used was homepage of the clinic/hospital. Even though the percentage of the plastic surgeons who were using the online communication for their everyday practice was high, the percentage of patients who visited the clinic/hospital after using the website of the clinic/hospital was relatively low. The effects of online communication on doctor-patient relationship were neutral in 40(36.0%) and positive in 39(35.1%). The effects on the efficiency of the practice was positive in 45(40.5%), and the effects on the quality of care and the patients' outcome were positive in 46(41.4%) respectively.Conclusion: The ratio of surgeons who are experiencing the online communication is relatively high, whereas the ratio of patients who are using online communication is low. Most of plastic surgeons are positive on the effects of the online communication on doctor-patient relationship, quality of care, and patients' outcome.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20
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• pp.161-171
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• 1997

Aesthetic Movement is an artistic movement which intended to bring up the quality by implanting beauty in everyday life. Aesthetic movement made the beauty itself come alive within each person and thus made it possible to improve the quality of life. Aesthetic Movement emphasized the total artistic concept and this brought new wave to the textile design movement. This paper is the study on the Aesthetisism and the effect that had on the textile design. This study draws the conclusion that there are four areas the textile designs of that era was influcenced by : Firstly , through the influence of the Japanese art, the textile designs came to have 2 dimensional quality. Secondly, through the influence of the pre Raphaelite, colors in the textile designs changed to have pale tones. Thirdly, with the influence of William Morris, the creativity in textile design came to be alive. Forthly, to better the quality of life and design, the cooperative spirits of Arthur Liberty, Morris, Godwin, Lewis Days and other designers, architects including artists contributed a great deal to make the English textile designs to be creative contemproary art works.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.2 s.60
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• pp.233-242
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• 2005

This study originates from the following problematic: Can a social history of design provide a useful methodology for the research and education of Korean design? For the understanding of the modes of socio-cultural approach to design, the chapter 2 compares the narrative mode of designer-centered history promulgated under the influence of Nikolaus Pevsner and that of socio-cultural approach advocated by Adrian Forty. The chapter 3 studies the cases of socio-cultural approach to Korean design through the domestic exhibitions like 'Everyday Life, Memory and History,' 'A Glimpse into the Society through Campaigns,' and 'Design Culture in Korea 1910-1960' which attempted the socio-cultural approach to the visual culture of modern/contemporary Korea. In the chapter 4, this study investigates into the meanings and characteristics of socio-cultural approach in the design research and education, End argues for the necessity of the introduction of qualitative research methodology.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.293-302
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• 2006

Since the late 20C, the development of informative electronic technology has expanded human beings' spatial recognition from three-dimension into multi-dimension. Also space has formed mutual organic relation with the human being, since they started having the image responding ability of experience and recognition. The mutual organic relation has appeared in exhibition space aggressively introduced informative electronic technology from existing physical space. Therefore, m carried out a compartive study into the status of exhibition facilities and the form of interaction focusing on exhibition facilities as a medium of interaction between information and users in experiential exhibition space to which informative electronic technology had been introduced. The ultimate purpose of the study was that the phenomena, which had been anticipated from happenings in mutual organic relation between human beings and space, was reflected on space as a place of various communication activities. Hereafter, researches and studies on further exhibition should be continued to clarify the mutual relationship between exhibition space and user trends not only through exhibition space but also through the study of user trends that are changing everyday.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.3 s.65
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• pp.195-206
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• 2006

Design for improved usability is to understand products from the user's point of view so eventually to enhance the pleasantness users by reflecting it into the design. The philosophy of user-oriented design is an essence of human-centered product planning, and its application is more important for railway vehicle design, which is closely connected with everyday life. This study focused to define basic elements of train interior design concept, which considers convenience and comfort for passengers, by extracting and interpreting ergonomic requirements, as usability factors, of train toilet design. The study on user-oriented design of trains consists of the practice of sensibility engineering for the management of customers' emotions and its harmonious use on design, and aims on the embodiment of new ergonomic design. In the center, it has analyzed the criteria and characteristics of the user-oriented design and has concluded the design direction and components to a concrete idea and proposed prototypes, which may become a good example for train interior design later on. In addition, it proposes a direction, which may become a guideline of ergonomic design, to secure competition capacity. Moreover this study is concentrated on the physical environment and human behavior of train toilet users, on the analysis of factors necessary for adequate toilet design, and on the understanding of interface between its users. What is more, it proposes a module of development process and methods of approaching the interface. The study presents a design standard, under which the concrete data of the characteristics and practicable range and the convergent demands accelerate to the module could be confirmed and criticized. The study on the usability is going to contribute to more pleasant and comfortable train environments and consequently, it's going to create new values of increased railway competitiveness by design.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.287-319
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• 2016

Dispatch of ROK Armed Forces is a significant contemporary event that enhances the ROK's position in the international communities and ensures the solid national security by contributing international peace keeping operations. Indirectly, dispatch of armed forces also can contribute to strengthen the national defense. However, despite its importance, record management related to the dispatch is not done properly. Because variable records produced in the process of dispatching troops are transferred to distributed archives, searching or accessing each record is not easy and making a collection from a series of record related to certain dispatch is more difficult. Moreover, since most transferred records were produced in the public domain, production and management of record in the aspect of archive of everyday life is needed. In this paper, we summarize the current state of domestic records by dispatch procedure, organization, and dispatched troops. And we also explore the problem of record management.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.36-36
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• 2002

Everyday meteors can be classified into sporadic meteors and shower-meteors. We compile the meteor records in the astronomical archives in the history book of Koryo dynasty (Koryosa), and investigate the spatial distribution of meteories along the orbit of the Earth during the period between the 10th century and the 14th century. We discover several peaks in cumulative frequency of meteors excluding showers, which means the presence of the strong concentrations of meteorites at the ecliptic longitudes. We also compiled the whole records of meteor showers during the same period from the history books of Korean, Japan, and China, and then compare dates of their display with dates obtained in Koryosa archive. Especially the strong concentration at 27 July is exactly coincident with a meteor shower at the same date. We devide the data into two sets, which are before and after 1200 A.D., and find out that the strength of meteor concentration has been changing. Especially the shower at 27 July weaken as time goes by.