• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 1999

Annual production and redistribution of leaf litter were compared among three distinct understory patches in a temperate hardwood forest dominated by Quercus mongolica, Kalopanax pictus, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, and Carpinus cordata. Two patches were located on a southwest-facing slope: one with an understory dominated by herbaceous plants (Patch S), and the other covered with evergreen dwarf bamboo, Sasa borealis (patch SS). The third patch was on the opposite slope with an understory dominated by herbaceous plants (Patch N). Annual leaf litterfall was averaged 330 g m$^{-2} yr$^{-2}$ in the three patches from 1994 to 1998. From mid-September 1996 to mid-September 1997, net transport of leaf litter over patch bound-aries was 1,824g m$^{-1}$ from Patch S to SS, 1,465g m$^{-1}$ from Patch S to N, and 886 g m$^{-1}$ from Patch SS to N. The amounts moving downslope out of Patch S, SS, and N were 2,548, 471, and 588g m$^{-1}$, respectively. When a mass balance approach was employed for the data of leaf litter transport, the results were relatively consistent with 216, 631, and 724g m$^{-2}$ of leaf litter stores in Patch S, SS, and N, respectively, in April 1997. This study suggests that leaf litter redistribution is largely regulated by aspect and understory type and exerts a significant effect on carbon processes in the forest ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.41-46
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• 1989

Rhododendron micranthum grown over the area of Kyoung Puck, Kang Weon Province is showy and very attractive evergreen broad-leaned shrub of shade resistance. This shrub is considered very useful for exploiting as a garden plant. Environments, growth characteristics and vegetation association in the wild habitat and in the garden planted with this shrub, were investigated to find out some appropriate means of propagation and cultivation of this shrub. The results thus obtained were stated as follows ; 1. Light intensity for the native habitat ranged in the proximity of 9%. The most abundant stand of this shrub occurred in the northen side of mountains, while still some plants were found in the eastern sides also. 2. Soil of the native habitat was acidic (pH 4.4) and infertility. 3. Average elevation of the native habitat was shown to be 230m above the sea level. 4. The plant of the native habitat showed an average of 3.9 new shoots per branch, whereas that of the garden planted (light intensity 100%) showed 1.2, 5% of an average was for sun-burn leaves were noted, while garden Plants(light intensity 100%) showed 90% of them. 5. Other tree species associated with Rhododendron micrathum in the native habitat were primarily Pinus densiflora and secondarily Sorbus alnifolia, hemerocallis aurautiaca, Rubus crataegifolius, and Salix hulteni. 6. Vegetation rate of plant habitats in the Rhododendron growing area was observed to be 0 to 80% involving 27 to 50 species of associated trees in the vegetation for the 10${\times}$10m quadrat area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.157-165
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is on identifying charactreistics and management direction of complementary pond of Dalmaji village in Gangjin. Accordingly, this village was indicated as Experience and Resort village by Korean government. This study describes the construction background and characteristics and identifies species diversity and characteristics through field survey. For this, literature and field survey was performed. In field survey, vegetational survey was performed in Aug. of 2015. D(Dominant degree) and S(Sociability degree) was measured by Brown-Blanquet's method. The answer was searched from Myungsanron(明山論), a textbook of Fengsui(風水) in Joseon dynasty. Of these causes, it was considered that the representative one is a protection of fire and infectious disease because the Wolgak mountain is a fire mountain(火山) as a stone mountain in Fengsui. The results demonstrate decline of aquatic ecosystem because of neglect management. The total number of species was 24. Of the species, Zelkova serrata is a natural vegetation of this complementary forest. This is nominated as Lagerstroemia indica and Camellia japonica community. Species composition demonstrate the characteristics of Korean southern region as mixed forest of evergreen trees and deciduous ones which are indigenous plants. It was considered Juniperus chinensis KaizukaVariega in central round island was planted in Japanese colonial period and it have to be removed. It was considered that name of moon pond and moon island etc. projects the mind of village ancestors which are going to reach an ideal condition of moon. And management of quantity and depth of pond water was critical for restoration of disappearing lotus from related literature. Periodic management was needed for ecological structure and function improvement because of ecological disturbance by the invasive plants like Humulus japonicus.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.182-187
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• 1996

Herbal and woody plants were surveyed in native and artifitial stands of experimental forest and stand within the vicinity of belongings facilities in Chungju Experimental Forest, Chungnam National University. Appearance species were classified and taken a photograph of. There were a total of 135 kinds, 60 familia, 113 genus, 123 species, 12 variatas. 49 kinds of them were herbs, 86 kinds were woody plants, and 7 kinds were evergreen trees. We try to solve the problem that species of plant could be sustained going on and be diversified.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.137-142
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• 1999

JC Raulston Arboretum of the North Carolina State University houses 113 species of Korean native landscape woody plants. Styrax japonicus 'Emerald Pagoda'[formerly 'Sohuksan'] is native to Korea, China, and Japan. 'Emerald pagoda' is a special cultivar found by DR. J.C. Raulston during the United States National Arboretum plant collection expedition of the island of Sohuksan at the Western end of the Korea in 1985. Incredible, thick, glossy, large-leafed form of this beautiful white flowering tree found in Korea in 1985. It was probably the most outstanding ornamental plant to come from the expedition after his trip to Sohuksan and Chindo in the harsh perilous islands of the coast of Korea. He brought this one back in his suitcase. Viburnum awabuki 'Chindo' is and evergreen broadleaf shrub. It is for screening and as fire resistant trees in the southern region of Korea, because of its compact, leathery leaves. 'Chindo' was discovered on the island of Chindo by the U.S. National arboretum plant exploration team including J.C. Raulston during its 1985 Korean trip. Cuttings were taken from this plant, and liners were produced over subsequent years. These liners are now being evaluated for hardiness and fruit production throughout the Southeast of USA.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.333-345
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• 2020

Background and objective: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on trees that can be used for planting design and construction for permanently shaded areas by grasping the growth status of trees according to the daylight conditions of the outdoor spaces of apartment complexes. Methods: On the recently completed apartment complexes, daylight conditions were analyzed by using daylight simulations utilizing Solar Access Analysis of Ecotect Analysis. With a criteria for assessment of tree condition, the defect rate of trees planted in permanently shaded areas and green spaces with good daylight conditions was analyzed to suggest trees applicable to permanently shaded areas. The first tree survey was conducted from November 18, 2019 to February 15, 2020, focusing on trees planted in permanently shaded areas, and the second tree survey of all the trees planted on the study sites including permanently shaded areas was conducted from March 16 to March 30, 2020. Results: Evergreen trees which are classified as shade intolerant trees including Pinus densiflora, Thuja occidentalis, and Abies holophylla showed a higher defect rate of trees among the trees planted in permanently shaded areas. Taxus cuspidata, Zelkova serrata, Cornus kousa, Chionanthus retusus and Acer palmatum which are classified as shade tolerant trees and shade moderate tolerance trees seemed to be able to be used in the plant design of permanently shaded areas in apartment complexes because the trees showed good growth and a low tree defect rate. In addition, although it was excluded from the analysis due to a small number of samples, Sorbus commixta and Prunus cerasifera var. atropurpurea also can be used for planting in permanently shaded areas. Conclusion: The daylight simulation technique used to analyze permanent shaded areas in this study can be used as an analysis tool considering the daylight environment at the stages of design and construction, and additional research will be required to analyze tree growth according to daylight conditions through data accumulation and monitoring by managing records throughout the entire life cycle of trees in the process of planting and maintenance.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.127-131
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• 2012

Four species such as Amanita gemmata, Tricholoma aurantiipes, Panellus violaceofulvus, and Leucopaxillus septentrionalis which were found in Jeju Island, are first reported in Korea. Four species were identified with macro- and microscopic descriptions and distinctive characters are presented for each species. A. gemmata and T. aurantiipes were collected in evergreen broadleaf forest of Gwaneumsa and the former also founded in Manjanggul. P. violaceofulvus was collected in subalpine plants including Abies koreana and Carpinus laxiflora of Halla Mountain. And L. septentrionalis recorded in deciduous broadleaf forest of Tamla valley.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.361-364
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• 2011

We report an unrecorded plant species, Elatostema laetevirens Makino (Urticaceae), in Korea. This species was collected for the first time from under the canopy of an evergreen forest in Hyodoncheon, Sanghyo-dong, Soeguipo-si and Tamra valley in Ohdeung-dong, Cheju-si of the Province of Cheju in Korea. E. laetevirens Makino was quite distinct from others of the genus Elatostema in Korea owing to its perennial nature, the absence of trichomes in the stem and the absence of peduncles during the inflorescence period. This species was given the Korean name 'pu-reun-mong-ul-pul' based on the absence of luster and the bluish green color on the adaxial surface of its leaves.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2023

Objectives: Murraya paniculata (family-Rutaceae), popularly known as orange jasmine, is the most important evergreen plant. The Rutaceae family is economically significant due to its diverse edible fruits and essential oils. Methods: Murraya paniculata extracts (MPE) of leaf have been shown to include phenolic compounds, highly oxygenated flavonoids, flavanones, sesquiterpenoids, polymethoxy glycosides, and coumarins. Cyclocitral, methyl salicylate, trans-nerolidol, cubenol, isogermacrene, -cadinol, and cubeb-11-ene are all abundant in MPE. The usages of various parts of this plant, such as bark, leaves and flower, as a remedy for a variety of ailments as widely recorded in the traditional literature. The plant has anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, antibacterial, anti-implantation, anti-oxidative, cytotoxic, anti-diarrheal, antidepressant and anti-anxiety properties and many others. Results: The goal of the review is to reignite interest in this potential plant, encouraging researchers to continue their research in order to uncover novel therapeutic compounds for the treatment and management of a range of infections. The current review provided a comprehensive overview of this traditional unique plant. Conclusion: The review paves a way for exploring its active chemical elements with substantial pharmacological values further for potential benefits of mankind.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.357-370
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• 2002

Present work aims to investigate the species composition, physiognomy and distribution of arctic-alpine and alpine plants(AAP) of the Korean Peninsula. The dominance of AAP in the northern Korea may be due to the frequent exchanges of floras with circumpolar regions for the seek of the glacial refugia during the alternate Pleistocene glacial epochs. The post-glacial climatic amelioration pushed AAP back northwards and upwards, so they now shows disjunctive distribution on separate mountain tops. The diverse morphological adaptations of AAP to severe environmental conditions, viz. the dominance of perennial species, stunted tree growth, multiple protection of leaves, krummholz, and dwarf shrubs, are the result of long-term graduall development which have safeguarded the survival of AAP in a such a harsh cryo-climatic area. The appearance of the Korean endemic AAP reflects the long-term isolation of species in Korea, and the local environmental diversities which have both accentuated this isolation and aided the development of genetic diversity. Evergreen broad-leaved AAP at c. 1,500m to 1,800m and above are now endangered because of the competition from down-slope plants, and from the global warming.