• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2010

We investigated the role of the central MAPK pathways in extra-territorial (referred) pain resulting from inflammation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Experiments were carried out on male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-280 g. Under anesthesia, these animals were injected with $50\;{\mu}L$ of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the TMJ using a Hamilton syringe. In the control group, saline was injected into the TMJ. To identify the extent of inflammation of the TMJ, Evans blue dye (0.1%, 5 mg/kg) was injected intravenously at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days after CFA injection. The concentration of Evans blue dye in the extracted TMJ tissue was found to be significantly higher in the CFA-treated animals than in the saline-treated group. Air-puff thresholds in the vibrissa pad area were evaluated 3 days before and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days after CFA injection into the TMJ. Referred mechanical allodynia was established at 3 days, remained until 12 days, and recovered to preoperative levels at 18 days after CFA injection. This referred mechanical allodynia was observed in contralateral side area. To investigate the role of central MAPK pathways, MAPK inhibitors ($10\;{\mu}g$) were administrated intracisternally 9 days after CFA injection. SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, significantly attenuated referred mechanical allodynia, as compared with the vehicle group. PD98059, a MEK inhibitor, also reduced CFA-induced referred mechanical allodynia. These results suggest that TMJ inflammation produces extra-territorial mechanical allodynia, and that this is mediated by central MAPK pathways.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.189-193
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• 2004

Clerodendron trichotomum Thunberg Leaves (CTL) have been used for centuries in Chinese folk medicine for their anti-inflammatory properties. We have studied the anti-inflammatory effects of CTL extracts in rats, mice and in Raw 264.7 cells. 1 mg/kg solutions of the 30％ and 60％ methanol extracts of CTL were used and a 1 mg/kg of indomethacin was used as a positive anti-inflammatory standard; these were then administrated to rats. Carrageenan was injected subcutaneously to induce hind paw edema in rats. The result of carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema showed that a 1 mg/kg of the 30％, and 60％ methanol fraction of CTL and 1 mg/kg of indomethacin inhibited the hind paw edema by 19.5％, 23.0％, and 20.5％ respectively. The effect of CTL on inflammation in mice by a capillary permeability assay was examined by detecting Evans blue leakage from capillaries after the intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid, a potent inflammatory stimulus. The 60％ methanol fraction of CTL inhibited Evans blue dye leakage by 47.0％, which was 10％ higher than that of the inhibition of 1 mg/kg of indomethacin. Also, the 60％ methanol fraction of CTL suppressed the prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) generation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells after treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by as much as the inhibition of 1 mg/kg of indomethacin and this led to the synthesis of $PGE_2$ by COX-2 induction. The inhibition of the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, vascular permeability and the $PGE_2$ generation demonstrates that the 60％ methanol fraction of CTL contains a potent anti-inflammatory activity.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.114-124
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• 2000

In this research the results showed that Evans blue stain causes vascular permeation at antibody injection site by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) screening of octpus minor so we concluded. Octopus minor causes allergy. Psedosciaena Polyactis, Raja Kenojei, Metapenaeus joyneri also showed allergenicity. Microwave and autoclaving appeared to reduced allergenicity(up to 99%) during the technological treatment processing. On the other hand, UV light didn't seem to change the protein structure of allergens affect the allergenicity. Therefore, the technological treatment processing of fish such as canning and microwave would possibly reduce the allergenicity. Among the ultrafiltration fraction of Octopus minor, Pseudosciaena Polyactis, Raja Kenojei and Metapenaeus joyneri, those fraction over 100,000 contained allergen and those under 100,000 and when screening allergenic fish went through 10,000∼100,000 ultrafiltration, only the fraction of over 100,000 showed the anaphylactis activity for PCA. However whether screening fish would cause anaphylaxis in human or not is questionable. The future clinical experiment will verify this result with clinical experiment patients. 본 연구 결과로 낙지의 PCA검색으로써 항체주사 부위에 Evan's Blue 착색으로 인하여 vascular permation이 일어나 allergynicity 반응이 인정되므로 낙지는 allergy가 있다고 할 수 있다. 조기, 홍어, 새우도 역시 allergenicity성이 나타난 것을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 공정 중 microwave와 autoclaving은 4가지 수산식품 낙지, 조기, 홍어, 새우의 allergenicity를 현저히 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 자외선은 단백질로 구성된 allergen의 구조는 크게 변화시키지 못하는 것으로 보여진 것을 알 수 있다. 그러므로 생선의 가공방법은 통조림 가공이나 microwave 처리가 allergenicity성을 감소시킬 수 있는 것으로 보여진다. 낙지, 조기, 홍어, 새우의 한외여과 fraction중 고분자인 100,000이상에서만 allergenicity가 나타났다. 따라서 이 allergen들의 분자량은 100,000 이상으로 추정되며 검색된 allergynicity 생선을 10,000∼100,000으로 한외여과 하였을 때 100,000 이상의 fraction에서만 PCA에 의해 allergenicity가 있는 것으로 인정되었다. 그러나 이 검색된 생선이 anaphylaxis가 인간에게서까지도 반응할지는 의문이다. 이 연구의 결과는 차후 임상실험환자에 의하여 최종 검증되어야 한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of Hyunsamchungpye-eum(HSCPE) on the anti-inflammatory/anti-allergic reaction in vivo and in vitro. HSCPE reduced the acute hind paw edema induced by histamine, the permeability of evans blue into peritoneal cavity. HSCPE inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in rat, the lethal anaphylaxis and degranulation of peritoneal mast cells induced by compound 48/80 in mice, HSCPE did not affect the Arthus reaction, but decreased the delayed type hypersensitivity induced by SRBC, contact dermititis induced by DNFB. These results suggest that HSCPE have an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic action.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.827-830
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• 2010

The purpose of this research was to investigate the pharmacological effects of Dansameum (DSE) water extract which is composed with Salviae Radix, Santali Lignum and Amomi Semen. DSE was administered orally at the concentartion of 100 and 500 mg/kg. DSE decreased the writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid and the permeability of evans blue into peritoneal cavity. Also, DSE inhibited the production of nitric oxide from murine macrophages. Futhermore, DSE protected the liver injury induced by galactosamine in vitro system and $CCl_4$ in vivo system. These results suggest that DSE has a diverse effects such as analgesic action, inflammatory action and liver protective action.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.781-789
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• 2000

Objective : The purpose of these research was to investigate effects of water extract of Bistortae Rhizoma(BRE) on the hemostasia, anti-inflammatory action and central nervous system. Methods : we used mice and rats administered with the extract of the above herbs. Results : BRE decreased the permeability of evans blue into peritoneal cavity and cotton pellet granuloma formation. BRE did not decrease the acetic acid induced writhing syndrome and the histamine induced mouse paw edema. BRE inhibited the pentylenetetrazole and the strychnine induced convulsion. BRE shortened the bleeding time and plasma prtrombin time. BRE did not affect on the proliferation of Balb/c 3T3 cells. Conclusions : these results suggest that the effects of BRE are the hemostasia, anti-inflammatory action, and mild depressant activity of central nervous system.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.31-52
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• 1993

The object of thes research is to lucidate the clinical effects of Gami-Cheongshimyeonjayeum on the anti-allergic and gimmune response to rats and mice. The obtaind results of Gami-Cheongshimyeonjayeum administration are as follows : 1. The cytotoxic index increased slightly at over concentration $1{\times}10^{-2}/ml$, but it is thought that the cytotoxic effect show no significant value under the concentration $1{\times}10^{-3}/ml$. 2. Gami-Cheongshimyeonjayeum water extract seems to suppress the leakage volume of Evans blue to decrease the vascular permeability. 3. Gami-Cheongshimyeonjayeum show the inhibitory effect of footpad edema. 4. Protein leakage is inhibited by the administration of Gami-Cheongshimyeonjayeum. 5. The delayed type hypersensitivity to SRBC is suppressed at the 24hours after the administration of Gami-Cheongshimyeonjayeum on the experimental group 1, 2. 6. Hemolysin and hemagglutinin titer, and RFC increase to bulid up the immune function.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.589-613
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• 1998

The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of Bangpoongtongsungsan water extract(BTSE) on the immune reaction, anti-allergy action and anti-inflammatory action in BALB/c mice. The administration of BTSE (500mg/kg) enhanced the cell viability of thymocytes and the population of helper T cells in splenic T-lymphocytes. BTSE suppressed the production of nitric oxide, but enhanced the phagocytic activity in peritoneal macrophages. BTSE enhanced hemagglutination titer in mice. BTSE inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced by egg albumin in rat, the lethal anaphylaxis induced by platelet activating factor and compound 48/80 in mice, and then inhibited the degranulation of peritoneal mast cells induced by compound 48/80. BTSE did not inhibit Arthus reaction, but inhibited the delayed type hypersensitivity induced by SRBC and contact dermatitis induced by DNFB. BTSE inhibited the acute hind paw edema induced by histamine after 30 minutes, the permeability of evans blue into peritoneal cavity induced by acetic acid and the writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid. These results suggest that BTSE has an immunopotentiative action, anti-allergy action and anti-inflammatory action via the inhibition of histamine release.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.125.3-126
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• 2003

Effect of Compound-A, a phenylpropanoid isolated from Arctium lappa fruit, on heterologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (HPCA), the release of histamine, and Phospholipase $A_2$ (PLA2) and phosphadiesterase (PDE) activities were studied by the method of Levine and Vaz. Anti-serum was prepared from ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized male Balb/c mouse at two weeks after the last challenge of OA and alumina gel. Heterologous PCA test in rats were carried out to determine the contents of leakaged pigment in the dorsal skin 30 minutes after i.v. injection of 0.2 ml of 1 % OA and 1 % Evans blue mixture (1:1). (omitted)

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 1990

가토흉부대동백근에서 MeB와 gentian violet는 용량-의존성 수축반응을 일으켰으나 evans blue와 eosine yellowish는 전혀 수축반응을 일으키지 못하였다. MeB는 돼지 장간막 동맥에서도 용량-의존성 수축반응을 일으켰다. 양표본에서 MeB $10^{-4}$ M의 단회투여는 수축반응에 이어 이완반응이 나타나는 양상성 반응을 일으켰으나, tyramine은 지속적인 수축반응을 일으켰다. Tyramine의 수축반응은 반복적이었으나 MeB의 그것은 일차 수축반응후 $3{\sim}5$시간후까지도 반복되지 않았다. Tyramine $10^{-4}$ M의 최대 수축반응 상태에서 MeB $10^{-4}$ M의 추가투여는 현저한 추가수축반응을 일으켰으나 반대로 MeB의 최대수축반응 상태에서 tyramine의 추가투여는 그이상의 수축반응을 일으키지 못하였다. Tyramine과 MeB 수축반응은 교감신경계 악물로 소실 또는 유의하게 억제되었다. Tyramine 수축반응은 MeB 수축보다 guanethidine과 6-hydroxydopamine에 더 예민한 반면, $Ca^{2+}-free$ PSS와 reserpine에 대하여는 MeB 수축반응이 tyramine 수축보다 더 예민하였고 prazosin하에서는 두 수축반응이 비슷하게 억제되었다. MeB 수축반응은 6-hydroxydopamine으로 유의하게 억제는 되었으나 소실되지 않았고, MeB 수축반응 관찰후에는 tyramine 뿐만아니라 6-hydroxydopamine의 수축반응도 소실되었다. 이상의 성적은 가토흉부대동맥과 돼지 장간막동맥에서 MeB 수축반응은 부분적으로 세포외 calcium 의존성이고 adrenaline성 신경발단으로부터의 norepinephrine유리에 기인하며, MeB의 norepinephrine유리 및 고갈작용이 tyramine 또는 6-hydroxydopamine의 작용보다 더 강력함을 시사하고 있다.