• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.713-720
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vegetable-related nutrition education for fourth grade elementary school students in Gyeongnam province. A comparative analysis of nutritional knowledge on vegetables, vegetable preferences, and vegetable intake in school foodservices were assessed between a control group and an experimental group. The control and experimental group contained 62 and 67 students, respectively, and the experimental group received nutritional education in four sessions (40 minutes each session) per week. A self-administered survey was conducted before and after this education, and 122 questionnaires (for 61 members of the experimental group and 61 members of control group) were analyzed. In the experimental group, there was a significant (p<0.001) increase in vegetable-related nutrition knowledge (form 5.02 to 6.10 out of a total score of 9), while there were no significant differences in the control group. Vegetable preference scores also significantly (p<0.001) increased (from 3.44 to 3.85 on the 5-point Likert scale) in experimental group, while there were no significant difference in control group. We also observed a significant (p<0.001) increase in vegetable intake from school foodservices (89.34% to 95.49%) in the experimental group, but there were no significant differences in the control group. In conclusion, a vegetable-related nutrition education for fourth grade elementary school students was effective at improving the nutritional knowledge of vegetables, vegetable preferences, and vegetable intake from school foodservices. Therefore, to encourage the vegetable-related right dietary habits, sustainable, and systematic nutrition education programs should be implemented for elementary students.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.454-459
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• 2002

Clinical analysis of the relation between the clinical data of chest trauma patients and bone scan results was done to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of bone scan for the diagnosis of rib or chondral fracture. Material and Method： 445 patients treated due to chest trauma in Dongguk University Kyungju Hospital from July 1998 to December 2001 were studied. Age and sex distribution, causes of chest trauma, interval from the injury to arrival at hospital, final diagnosis, relationship between the chest pain and bone scan results, relationship between local tenderness and bone scan results, and sensitivity and specificity of bone scan were studied. Result： The male was 61.6% and the female was 38.4%. Age distribution was nearly even from the twenties to the sixties. The traffic accident was the most common cause of chest injury(60.4%). Most patients(76.6%) were arrived to the hospital within 6 hours after chest trauma. Rib fracture was the most common final diagnosis(46.5 %). The relationship between the duration of chest pain and tenderness and the bone scan results were significant, and the same in the relationship between the duration of local tenderness and the bone scan results, but the latter is more significant. The sensitivity of bone scan was 99.4% and the specificity was 90.4%. Conclusion： If the patient complains the chest pain continuously and the local tenderness around the chest is continued over 3 weeks, it is good to perform the bone scan. Further study including the MRI may be helpful for more evaluation in chest trauma patients.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1 s.129
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• pp.87-96
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• 2005

This study was carried out to evaluate the shear bond strength and adhesive bond durability of structural glued laminated timber (glulam) manufactured with mixed species lumber of Korean red pine, Korean pine and Japanese larch, using resorcinol adhesive and water-based polymeric-isocyanate adhesive (WPI). Each board used as a glulam lamina was graded by visual inspection. The visual lumber grade of the all species was very low due to the large size and number of knots and the steep slope of grain. In view of the results, appropriate pruning, sawing and drying processes might be needed to produce high grade lamina lumber with small knot size and drying defect free. Shear bond strength of every tested glulam specimen ranged between 7.9 and $9.9N/mm^2$, and much higher than the Korean Standard (KS) for glulam shear bond strength, $7.1N/mm^2$. There was not much shear bond strength difference between wood/resorcinol and wood/WPI. The resorcinol adhesive bond durability exceeded KS requirements. However, delamination on the end-grain surfaces of WPI glulam submerged in both room temperature and boiling water severely occurred, and its durability did not meet KS requirements. Further investigations may be required, and special care should be taken, to ensure long service life of WPI glulam used for exterior application. Results of this study are expected to be useful for improvement of mechanical properties and structural performance of mixed species glulam.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.440-446
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• 2013

The purposes of this study are to assess the diet and nutritional states of elementary and middle school students in the Daegu area by using nutrition quotient (NQ) for children. A survey was conducted with 366 elementary school students and 364 middle school students. Elementary school students showed higher total NQ scores (66.2) than middle school students (58.3), without gender difference. Elementary school students showed higher NQ scores in all 5 domains (balance, diversity, abstinence, regularity, practice) than middle school students. As for gender difference, boys showed higher scores than girls in balance and diversity, and girls showed higher scores in abstinence than boys. When scores of 5 domains were evaluated as good or bad, the percentage of good was highest in abstinence (63.4%) and lowest in diversity (22.9%). The percentage distribution of NQ of 1st (excellent) to 5th (bad) grades were 8.4%, 13.6%, 44.5%, 19.3%, 14.2%, respectively. In the 1st grade, there were 9.5%p more elementary school students, and in the 5th grade, there were 11.6%p more middle school students. No gender differences were found in the distribution of the NQ grades. Since NQ for children presents a convenient method of evaluating the diet and nutritional states of many subjects simply and simultaneously, a follow-up study will hopefully revise and supplement the question items and standards of judgement by the age groups.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.389-406
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• 2023

The research area, located in the northern coastal region of South Korea's West Sea, involves three bird habitats. Among these are two newly established habitats in Songdo International Business District, created by filling and developing tidal flats that were previously utilized as stopover sites for migratory birds. One of these areas showed decrease (Residual tidal flats, site.1) while the other showed increase (Artificial lake, site.2) in bird influx. The third habitat (Namdong reservoir, site.3) is a pre-existing stable habitat which has been maintained as a stable habitat. This study conducts an assessment of habitats based on avian population clusters and environmental surveys and proposes habitat management measures. A survey of bird populations and habitat environments was conducted for a total of 39 occasions from January to December 2022. The observed bird species totaled 14 families and 48 species with 20,760 individuals. Compared to the existing habitats, the newly established habitats showed relatively lower influx of bird species and individuals. During the habitat assessment, the newly established habitats were rated as I to II grade, while the existing habitat was rated as relatively high III grade on the grading assessment of the tidal flat. An analysis of habitat types revealed that the existing habitat, in which diverse strategies for habitat type diversity and mitigating anthropogenic interference were demonstrated, attracted a diverse range of bird species. Through this research, it was deduced that the diversity of habitat types plays a significant role in attracting various bird species. Upon evaluation of habitat types concerning the habitat characteristics of the bird species selected for habitat management, as habitat management measures, it is deemed that the creation of shielded green areas (referred to as 'buffer green') to minimize interference from the surroundings, the establishment of reed fields (site.1, 2) positively correlated with reservoirs, and the improvement of sandbanks (site.1) positively associated with tidal flats, the two relations which we drew from correlation analysis between occurrence species and habitat types, would contribute to the future restoration and maintenance of stable habitats. The results of this study can be applied not only to the study area but also to other development zones, such as coastal reclamation sites, which share similar geographical and environmental characteristics, including arrival sites for migratory birds.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.665-676
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• 2014

As the Learning Model (offered major course) of the connected program between high school and college, we conducted a customized education model for second grade high school students with regard to IT. Being based on the latest major trend and practical training within a given period this model has derived the high level of interest and participation from the students. First of all, the first program has focused on the theory and practice. In case of the theory lecture, the new knowledge and practical experiences attracted students' interests. Secondly, the second program mainly consisted of practical training. The basic knowledge through first learning program enabled the students to follow the second course for advanced experiences as well as the variety of new technology. Finally, the survey and evaluation were carried out on the students who finished programs. Most of the students gave answers that both the theory classes and customized practical training were helpful in finding their major and career exploration. The Learning Model of the connected program between high school and college showed that it can be useful not only to extract students' potential ability and good talent but also for university selection and career choices.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.422-428
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• 2014

Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) and Mineral Resources Authority of Mongolia (MRAM) performed a joint survey on Ugii Nuur Fe-Mn mineralized area. Following the survey, we carried out magnetic survey and 3D magnetic susceptibility inversion. Based on the inversion results, basic feasibility study and 3D imaging of Fe-Mn mineralized area were performed using 3D geological modeling technique. Using the distribution of total magnetic field data, we were confirmed for the possibility of horizontal extension of ore bodies from surface outcrops. The 3D magnetic susceptibility model, which is highly related with Fe content, analyzed by inversion shows that the ore bodies of Deposit 1 and Deposit 2 are extended to the underground and ore bodies that are not exposed on the surface are largely distributed in the underground. If we perform the integration analysis using this magnetic susceptibility model and the ore grade data analyzed by drilling survey, it is possible to carry out the effective potential evaluation of Ugii Nuur Fe-Mn ore deposit.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.48-70
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to make an analysis of the impact of the DRG payment system on medical care pattern and cost of cataract surgery in a general hospital. The subjects were 173 patients whose DRG severity grade was zero, selected from among the hospitalized who underwent cataract surgery before and after the joining to the demonstrational operation of the third year DRG payment system. Their medical records and the details of their medical bills were examined to find out the length of hospital stay, medical care pattern provided to them, the cost of medical care, and the quality of medical care. The length of stay and the amount of medical care supplied during being in hospital dropped significantly for both single-eye and double-eyes cataract surgery groups. The amount of antibiotic use went down during the hospitalization and upon discharge from the hospital, but decreased after discharge. The total medical bills and the rate of basic examination implementation increased in the OPD before hospitalization but after discharge dropped. For double-eyes cataract patients, the rate of double-eyes cataract surgery went down. The total medical bills of DRG payment system converted into the fee-for-service system was greater by 113.3% for the single-eye cataract surgery group and by 102.9% for the doble-eyes cataract surgery group, compared to that by the fee-for-service. The contribution shared by the insurance corporation increased for both single-eye and double-eyes cataract surgery groups, but the copayment by the insured went down. Regarding the treatment outcome, no difference was found in complication rate, resurgery rate and mortality rate before and after the joining to the DRG payment system was implemented. The use of special lens lessened significantly. The amount of medical care supplied during hospitalization decreased but the complication rate didn't increase. But the increased use of low-price artificial cataract and the avoidance of double-eyes cataract surgery was observed. The phenomenon decreased number of OPD visit and the decreased total medical bills of OPD care after discharge in this hospital required further evaluation.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.4D
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• pp.291-303
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• 2012

In order to lead safe driving, it is better to provide dynamic and detailed information on how the driver using the relevant road should behave as concerning movements of individual car rather than providing monotone and static information of reducing of speed to unspecified drivers. Assuming road and communication of highway where real-time collection and transfer of information on vehicles and road traffic status is possible, the purpose of this study was to provide real-time safe distance by considering road traffic condition such as road condition and driving condition, travel speed and distance between preceding/following vehicles. We intended to provide basic information about dangerous situation by defining different values of condition based column ($C_{condition}$) in accordance with the road surface condition, based on which Real-time Safety Distance Index(RSDI) is to be calculated comprehensively reflecting speed of preceding and following vehicles, distance between vehicles, vertical alignment and road surface condition on the scope of expression column ($C_n$). We intended to enable the driver to secure safety by providing the calculated Real-time Safety Distance Index (RSDI) so that the driver can intuitively sense and sufficiently cope with a dangerous situation where collision of vehicles may occur. The calculated RSDI value is comprised of 30 unit columns and will be provided to the driver being divided into risk evaluation grades of 3 predetermined steps, 'warning', 'dangerous' and 'normal'.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.83-93
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• 2013

Land Suitability Assessment can help to evaluate whether to preserve or to develop through analysis of various land characteristics. So, the evaluation index and method are very important for making the best result. The principle objective of this dissertation is to identify effective method that can make up for the distortion of land suitability value in the forest bordering the management area. The objective area of this study is comparative flat Jeungpyeong-gun. The procedures of the study are as follows. First, implement land suitability assessment as the normal index on Guideline. Second, verify land suitability grade about the forest bordering the management area. The third, redo land suitability assessment as two alternative index on $^*$Guideline. The fourth, identify effective method between normal index and alternative index. The results of this tests show that the development suitability value is higher than preservation suitability value in the forest bordering the management area near existing development area. For that reason, this study needed to use substitution index in order to make up for the weakness. The level of land price and distance from road were main considerations. Finally, the derivative model is as follows. The derivative model confirmed the best assessment method in the forest bordering the management area near existing development area.