• Title/Summary/Keyword: Evaluating Method

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SUITABILITY OF SHELLFISHES FOR PROCESSING 3. Suitability of Pacific oyster for processing (패류의 가공적성 3. 굴의 가공적성)

  • LEE Eung-Ho;CHUNG Seung-Yong;KIM Soo-Hyeun;RYU Byeong-Ho;HA Jin-Hwan;OH Hoo-Gyu;SUNG Nak-Ju;YANG Syng-Tack
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.90-100
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    • 1975
  • The estimation of the pre-processing condition of oyster is of great importance for distributors and processors. This study was attempted to establish the basic data for evaluating the processing suitability of oyster, which is the most important shellfish for domestic use and export. The data were analysed by measuring the condition index, chemical composition and heavy metal content of oysters. In order to eliminate the manual work that has to be done on a tightly closed oyster shell and avoid shrinkage in the oyster meat which is attendant on the steaming process, chemical means to open oyster were examined. finding the method of pretreatment of polyphosphate for frozen oysters were attempted to improve the product quality. The prevention of undesirable color change of the canned oyster meat is another problem to solve. The important results are as follows : 1. The ratio of meat volume and meat weight to the holding capacity by shells may be useful as an index to measure the condition index of oysters. 2. As a whole, monthly changes of moisture and fat content in oysters were reversely correlated. Protein content slightly decreased from April and rapidly decreased in July, and again rapidly increased in August but from September to November decreased slightly. In April, the content of glycogen was 4 percent. From this period to September, glycogen was rapidly decreased. From July to September, it was only 0. 7 to 1 percent but increased from October. There were little seasonal changes in pH value. The pH value of oyster meat was 6.0 to 6.2. The crude ash content was slightly decreased from June to August. 3. The range of monthly change of heavy metal content are as follows: Total mercury was 0 to 0.019 ppm, cadmium was 0.026 to 0.053 ppm, copper was 0.111 to 0.594 ppm, and lead_was 0.061 to 0.581 ppm. 4. By the results of condition index, chemical composition and heavy metal content of oysters, the suitable harvest season as raw materials for processing was the end of December to the end of May of next year. 5. The pretreatment of 10 percent polyphosphate in 5 percent salt solution of oyster meat appeared effective to reduce thawing drip during cold storage. 6. The pretreatment of $Na_2EDTA$ and BHA did not show the color prevention effect to the canned oyster meat during storage. 7. Magnesium chloride affected to open the valves of oysters.

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The 'Consequence Analysis' of Variables Affecting the Extent of Damage Caused by Butane Vapor Cloud Explosions (부탄가스 증기운폭발의 피해범위에 영향을 미치는 변수에 관한 고찰)

  • Char Soon-Chul;Choo Kwang-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.5 no.4 s.16
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2001
  • This paper presents a 'consequence analysis' for vapor cloud explosions caused by heavy gas leakages from commercially used storage tanks at petrochemical plants. Particularly, this paper emphasizes on evaluating the results of various vapor cloud explosion accidents from Butane storage tanks. Also this paper analyses the impact of variables on the accidents in order to acquire the optimum conditions for variables. $SuperChems^{TM}$ Professional Edition was applied to analyse the impact (If atmospheric and other variables in the situation where vapor cloud continuously disperses from the ground level. Under the assumption that practical operating conditions are selected as a standard condition, and Butane leaks from the storage tank for 15 minutes, the results show that the maximum distance of LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) was 52 meters and overpressure by the vapor cloud explosion was 1 psi at 128.2 meters. It is observed that the impact of the variables on accidental Butane storage tank leakage mainly varied upon atmospheric stability, wind velocity, pipe line size, visible length, etc., and changes in the simulation result occurred as the variables varied. The maximum distance of the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) increased as the visible length became shorter, the size of the leak became larger, the wind velocity was decreased, and the climatic conditions became more stable. Thus, by analysing the variables that influence the simulation results of explosions of Butane storage tanks containing heavy gases, I am presenting the most appropriate method for 'consequence analysis' and the selection of standards for suitable values of variables, to obtain the most optimal conditions for the best results.

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Classification of Landscape Type on Land and Evaluation of Site-suitability Based on It (토지의 경관유형분류와 이에 기초한 입지타당성 평가)

  • Ra, Jung-Hwa;Ku, Ji-Na;Lee, Hyun-Taek;Cho, Hyun-Ju
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.39 no.5
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    • pp.57-75
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is to find ways of evaluating the suitability of sites being considered for development of different types of parks in the vicinity of yangmock-myun kyoung buk, where a large project(as large as about14.0$km^2$) has been planned. The results are as follows. Three surveys for selecting the assessment indicators were performed. ${\cdot}$ The first survey analyzed the importance of 23 selected assessment indicators based on a review of existing literature review and an on-the-spot research. ${\cdot}$ The second survey selected assessment indicators for each park type. ${\cdot}$ The third survey computed additive values of selected assessment indicators by the park types. It used a method of standardizing the average importance of indicators by making their sum equal to 10. These additive values were then multiplied by each grade of indicators to make a final evaluation. An evaluation of the site-suitability of park types was performed twice. The purpose of the first evaluation was to figure out how much each type met the minimum requirements targeted for all landscape types. The minimum requirements were derived by using a relative comparison between the standard of value rating of the assessment indicators, which was over the medium magnitude on the importance analysis, and the result of field research. A second evaluation estimated the targeted sites that met the minimum requirements. Value ratings of second assessment indicators were quantitatively divided as 1 to 3 grade and the evaluation scores were added, giving an additive value for each assessment indicator. The evaluation score on each park type was rated on a scale of 1 to 3 according to their averages, (from lowest to highest). Since this evaluation model of the site suitability on park types only focused on the 'face' of space in this study, additional analysis is necessary for setting the evaluation model and incorporating the overall impact of space, network connection and other factors, considering 'spot', 'line' and 'face' aspects of space.

Biocompatibility and Histopathologic Change of the Acellular Xenogenic Pulmonary Valved Conduit Grafted in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (우심실 유출로에 이식한 무세포화 이종 폐동맥 판막도관의 생체 적합성 및 조직병리학적 변화양상에 대한 연구)

  • 허재학;김용진;박현정;김원곤
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.37 no.6
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    • pp.482-491
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    • 2004
  • Background: The xenogenic or allogenic valves after in Vitro repopulation with autologous cells or in vivo repo-pulation after acellularization treatment to remove the antigenicity could used as an alternative to synthetic polymer scaffold. In the present study, we evaluated the process of repopulation by recipient cell to the acellu-larized xenograft treated with NaCl-SDS solution and grafted in the right ventricular outflow tract. Material and Method: Porcine pulmonary valved conduit were treated with. NaCl-SDS solution to make the grafts acellularized and implanted in the right ventricular outflow tract of the goats under cardiopulmonary bypass. After evaluating the functions of pulmonary valves by echocardiography, goats were sacrificed at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after implantation, respectively. After retrieving the implanted valved conduits, histopathologic examination with Hematoxylin-Eosin, Masson' trichrome staining and immunohistochemical staining was performed. Result: Among the six goats, which had been implanted with acellularized pulmonary valved conduits, five survived the expected time period. Echocardiographic examinations for pulmonary valves revealed good function except mild regurgitation and stenosis. Microscopic analysis of the leaflets showed progressive cellular in-growth, composed of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and endothelial cells, into the acellularized leaflets over time. Severe inflammatory respon-se was detected in early phase, though it gradually decreased afterwards. The extracellular matrices were regenerated by repopulated cells on the recellularized portion of the acellularized leaflet. Conclusion: The acellularized xenogenic pulmonary valved conuits were repopulated with fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and endothelial cells of the recipient and extracellullar matrices were regenerated by repopulted cells 12 months after the implantation. The functional integrity of pulmonary valves was well preserved. This study showed that the acellularized porcine xenogenic valved conduits could be used as an ideal valve prosthesis with long term durability.

The Results of using the Cabrol Technique for Aortic Root Replacement (대동맥 근부치환술에 대한 Cabrol 술식의 성적)

  • Kim, Jeong-Won;Lee, Jong-Tae;Cho, Joon-Yong;Kim, Kyu-Tae;Kim, Gun-Jik
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.41 no.5
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    • pp.573-579
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    • 2008
  • Background: Composite valve graft replacement is currently the treatment of choice for a wide variety of the lesions of aortic root disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the results of aortic root replacement after using the Cabrol technique over a 13-year period at our institution, and we analyzed the results to help surgeons make better decisions when repairing aortic root disease. Material and Method: Between January 1994 and December 2006, twenty-five patients underwent a Cabrol technique operation at our institution. The mean patient age was $43.7{\pm}14.1$ years old (range: $6{\sim}65$ years) and the male and female ratio was 21:4 (84% : 16%). The patients' follow-up was 100% complete, and the mean follow-up period was $60.7{\pm}50.4$ (range:$1{\sim}162$) months. Annuloaortic ectasia (n=18) was the most frequent cause of aortic disease in this series, followed by aortic dissection (n=7). The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was $177.2{\pm}44.9$ minutes and the mean aortic cross clamping time was $123.4{\pm}34.1$ minutes. Nine patients were checked with MDCT (Multidetector computed tomography) for evaluating a well functioning secondary graft and the coronary anastomosis site. Result: The early mortality rate was 4% (1 of 25 patients). A significant stenosis, kinking or occlusion of the secondary graft was detected by MDCT in 4 patients. The overall survival rate was 88%. Conclusion: The Cabrol technique demonstrated a significant incidence of long-term complications such as secondary graft stenosis or obstruction. It could be used when the modified Bentall technique is not feasible.

Delirium after Head Trauma at Psychiatric Consultation (두부 외상 후 섬망의 자문 정신 의학적 고찰)

  • Kim, Hyon-Chul;Lee, Sang-Chul;Kim, Do-Hoon;Lee, Sang-Kyu;Hong, Seung-Gwan;Son, Bong-Ki
    • Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.15-22
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    • 2004
  • Objectives: Delirium after head trauma results in various cognitive and behavioral dysfunction. This study aimed at developing and validating a predicitive model for clinical improvement after delirium based on precipitating factors during hospitalization Method: Data were collected on 45 patients who developed delirium after head trauma using 5 year retrospective design, based on reviews of medical charts including psychiatric consultation reports. The differences of the group who sustained residual symptoms of delirium(The RS group) and the group of full recovery(The FR group) at 4 week follow-up visits were compared by motoric type of delirium, socio-demographic variables, neuroimaging variables and clinical variables of interest. Result: There was significant difference in reason for initial consultation between two groups, in terms of hyperactivity(p<.01). The presence of compensation claim, subcortical gray matter lesion was significantly associated with the RS group(p<.05). Total length of intensive care unit(ICU) admission and of hospital stay were significantly longer in RS group than FR group(p<.01). Conclusion: This study shows that hyperactivity on initial consultation, compensation claims, specific brain lesion were altogether significant factors in explaining prolonged duration of delirium after head trauma. A simple predictive model based on the presence of precipitating factors might be used to identify delirious patients at high risk for prolonged cognitive dysfunction. Early psychiatric intervention would be required for evaluating efficacious management and shortening admission period.

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Simultaneous Determination of Carbohydrates and Organic Acids in Various Cultured Dairy Foods by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: A Preliminary Study (다양한 낙농 발효유제품에서 HPLC를 이용하여 탄수화물과 유기산의 동시 검출에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Dong-Hyeon;Hwang, Dae-Geun;Chon, Jung-Whan;Kim, Hyunsook;Kim, Hong-Seok;Song, Kwang-Young;Yim, Jin-Hyuk;Kim, Young-Ji;Kang, Il-Byung;Lee, Soo-Kyung;Seo, Kun-Ho
    • Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.263-269
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    • 2015
  • Various carbohydrates (lactose, glucose, and fructose), lactic acid, uric acid, and acetoin were separated on a ZORBAX Carbohydrate Analysis column using the Agilent 1200 HPLC ChemStation$^{TM}$, and were identified according to retention times with 325 Dual Wavelength UV-Vis Detector and Refractive Index Detector with 0.013 N $H_2SO_4$ at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. In addition, the lactase activity of four commercial probiotic lactic acid bacteria during 6-hour incubation was determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Among the tested samples, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis showed the greatest lactase activity, followed by Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus casei, with Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus showing the lowest activity. Therefore, this HPLC technique shows potential for evaluating the fermentation processes of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and could simultaneously confirm the degree of ripening in various fermented dairy foods within only a half hour.

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Structural Safety Assessment of a Sunken Ship Considering Hull Corrosion and Damaged Members - Focus on the Sunken Ship 'No. 7 HaeSung' - (선체 부식 및 손상 부재를 고려한 침몰선박의 구조 안전성 평가에 관한 연구 - 제7 해성호를 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Seung Hyun;Kim, Won Don;Suh, Jae-Joon
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.332-340
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    • 2016
  • Sunken ships cause damage to the environment due to the dispersal of fuel oil and harmful cargo goods in the hull. Since the sunken ship is mostly flooded by the seabed, it tends to be in a relatively stable condition. However, the heavy body, together with the load of remaining goods in the cargo hold, the constant contact with the seabed, and ocean currents and tidal waves, can affect dispersal of residual fuel oils out of the sunken ship. Corrosion of the sunken ship starts upon sinking, decreasing the thickness of the hull structure and sub-materials. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the structural stability against the potential breakdown of the sunken ship. Whilst evaluating the danger of the sunken ship, this result should be reflected in 'the possible discharge'. This study was undertaken to suggest a procedure for a step by step evaluation to assess the structural stability a sunken ship. The structural stability assessment to estimate the collapsibility of the hull was structure targeted at the sunken ship 'No. 7 HaeSung', which was classified as the prime example for the intensive management of sunken ships. This study was undertaken to suggest a procedure for a step by step evaluation to assess the structural stability a sunken ship and to propose a method to conduct a structural safety assessment that estimates the collapsibility of the hull by targeting the sunken ship 'No. 7 HaeSung',which was classified as the prime example for the intensive management of sunken ships. The collapsibility of the hull structure was estimated Based on the damage size of the hull structure, and the corrosion rate of the hull structure and sub-materials due to the seawater after sinking. It was confirmed that there was a low possibility of the total destruction of the hull structure at the current time. However, there is a high possibility in the potential failure of the hull structure due to increased rate of corrosion thereafter. Therefore, we believe continuous study on influence of corrosion and marine environment change to sunken ship's structural safety is necessary.

Visual fatigue in Watching 3 Dimension Television (3D TV 시청에 있어서 시청 피로)

  • Yoon, Jeong Ho;Lee, Ikhan;Kim, Taehyun;Kim, Jae-Do
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.47-52
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: This study was to evaluate visual fatigue with passing of watching 3D TV in short term and with experience of watching 3DTV in long term. Methods: 98 adult subjects aged $33.5{\pm}5.5$ years (22 to 51 years; 12 females and 86 males) agreed to participate in this study. Subjects were asked to watch 52 inch LED 2D and 3D television (Shutter glasses method) at 2.7 meters for 65minutes with wearing their habitual glasses or contact lenses. For evaluating visual fatigue, subjects were verbally responded to 11 questions : eye straining, eye paining, dry eye, sore eye, watery eye, photophobia, blur vision, diplopia, eye fatigue, headache, and dizziness with scale 0 to 3 at each measurement while watching 3D and 2D TV. Results: The mean scores of visual fatigue were $2.08{\pm}2.14$, $3.19{\pm}3.02$, $3.40{\pm}3.37$, $3.53{\pm}3.07 $for after 5 minutes, 25 minutes, 45 minutes, and 65 minutes respectively for 3D TV, and $0.40{\pm}1.03$, $0.22{\pm}0.70$, $0.22{\pm}0.58$, and $0.17{\pm}0.52$ after 25, 45, and 65 minutes respectively for 2D TV. Visual fatigue for watching 3D TV was significantly higher than for watching 2D TV at all measurements sessions (paired t-test, p < 0.001). The visual fatigue significantly increased during watching 3D TV for 65 minutes (p < 0.001, RM-ANOVA). The visual fatigue during watching 3D TV was significantly increased until 25 minutes (paired t-test, p < 0.001), stable after that. For correlation between visual fatigue and 3D watching experience, the more 3D watching experiences were significantly the less visual fatigues in photophobia, blur vision, diplopic and dizzy symptoms (ANOVA, all F(1, 96) = 4.500, all p < 0.05), but there was not significantly different in the other symptoms (ANOVA, F (1, 96) = 2.123, p = 0.148). Conclusions: Visual fatigue for watching 3D TV was higher than for watching 2D TV, increase by 25 minutes. It was different by symptoms for correlation between visual fatigue and 3D watching experience.

EEPERF(Experiential Education PERFormance): An Instrument for Measuring Service Quality in Experiential Education (체험형 교육 서비스 품질 측정 항목에 관한 연구: 창의적 체험활동을 중심으로)

  • Park, Ky-Yoon;Kim, Hyun-Sik
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.43-52
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    • 2012
  • As experiential education services are growing, the need for proper management is increasing. Considering that adequate measures are an essential factor for achieving success in managing something, it is important for managers to use a proper system of metrics to measure the performance of experiential education services. However, in spite of this need, little research has been done to develop a valid and reliable set of metrics for assessing the quality of experiential education services. The current study aims to develop a multi-item instrument for assessing the service quality of experiential education. The specific procedure is as follows. First, we generated a pool of possible metrics based on diverse literature on service quality. We elicited possiblemetric items not only from general service quality metrics such as SERVQUAL and SERVPERF but also from educational service quality metrics such as HEdPERF and PESPERF. Second, specialist teachers in the experiential education area screened the initial metrics to boost face validity. Third, we proceeded with multiple rounds of empirical validation of those metrics. Based on this processes, we refined the metrics to determine the final metrics to be used. Fourth, we examined predictive validity by checking the well-established positive relationship between each dimension of metrics and customer satisfaction. In sum, starting with the initial pool of scale items elicited from the previous literature and purifying them empirically through the surveying method, we developed a four-dimensional systemized scale to measure the superiority of experiential education and named it "Experiential Education PERFormance" (EEPERF). Our findings indicate that students (consumers) perceive the superiority of the experiential education (EE) service in the following four dimensions: EE-empathy, EE-reliability, EE-outcome, and EE-landscape. EE-empathy is a judgment in response to the question, "How empathetically does the experiential educational service provider interact with me?" Principal measures are "How well does the service provider understand my needs?," and "How well does the service provider listen to my voice?" Next, EE-reliability is a judgment in response to the question, "How reliably does the experiential educational service provider interact with me?" Major measures are "How reliable is the schedule here?," and "How credible is the service provider?" EE-outcome is a judgmentin response to the question, "What results could I get from this experiential educational service encounter?" Representative measures are "How good is the information that I will acquire form this service encounter?," and "How useful is this service encounter in helping me develop creativity?" Finally, EE-landscape is a judgment about the physical environment. Essential measures are "How convenient is the access to the service encounter?,"and "How well managed are the facilities?" We showed the reliability and validity of the system of metrics. All four dimensions influence customer satisfaction significantly. Practitioners may use the results in planning experiential educational service programs and evaluating each service encounter. The current study isexpected to act as a stepping-stone for future scale improvement. In this case, researchers may use the experience quality paradigm that has recently arisen.

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