• 제목/요약/키워드: European standard method

검색결과 98건 처리시간 0.028초

Establishment of an Analytical Method for Azorubine, an Undesignated Food Colorant in Korea

  • Kim, Min-ji;Park, Ju-hee;Suh, Hee-Jae;Lee, Chan
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제31권5호
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    • pp.311-318
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    • 2016
  • 국내 미지정 색소인 azorubine에 대한 우리나라의 공인분석법을 설립하기 위해 제외국의 공인분석법들(유럽연합의 EFSA, 영국의 FSA, 우리나라의 식품의약품안전평가원)이 비교되었다. 재현된 HPLC 방법들 중 FSA의 분석법이 가장 우수한 분석 결과를 나타내어 azorubine분석법으로 최종 선정되었다. Azorubine 분석을 위한 위 세 기관의 전처리 방법은 모두 낮은 회수율을 나타내었다. 따라서 식품의약품안전평가원의 전처리법을 개선한 새로운 전처리 방법이 개발되었다. 최종 선정된 HPLC 분석법과 본 연구를 통해 개발된 새로운 식품 전처리법에 대한 분석법 밸리데이션을 실시하였다. 검증 실험에서 음료류에서 97~103%, 빵 및 과자류에서 95~101%, 기타 식품에서 93~102%의 회수율을 나타내었고, 실험실간 교차검증에서 -1.29~0.26의 z-score를 보여 신뢰할 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 이 결과로부터 본 연구에서 확립된 전처리법 및 분석법은 미지정 색소 azorubine이 사용된 식품검사에 활용될 수 있는 분석법으로 확인되었다.

방진마스크의 안면부 누설률에 관한 연구 (Inward Leakage Test for Particulate Filtering Respirators in Korea)

  • 한돈희
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.432-439
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    • 2004
  • Korean certification regulation for particulate filtering respirators requires inward leakage (IL) test as European Standards (EN) and the standard levels of regulation are the same as those of EN. This study was conducted to evaluate particulate filtering respirators being commercially used in the market by using IL and assess the characteristics of IL. The study began with discussing the concept of IL, comparison of IL with fit test, and IL measurement method. Three brands of half masks and 10 brands of filtering facepieces (two top class, four 1st class and four 2nd class), total 13 brands respirators, and 10 test panels (subjects) who were classified in 9 facial grids in accordance with face length and lip length, were selected for IL test. IL tests were conducted in the laboratory of 3M Innovation Center which was established by EN standard. As expected ILs of half masks were lower than those of filtering facepiece mask. ILs of half masks and some filtering facepieces were significantly different in manufacturers. ILs of 1st class filtering facepieces were found to be much more than those of 2nd class and thus the result would cause wearers to get confused to select a mask. Four of six brands being no compliance with standards were thought that they should be tested again for certification because of a lot of differences from standards. There were no significant differences among ILs of five exercises. In 6 out of 13 brands lognormal distribution of ILs may be a better fit distribution and in 7 brands both lognormal and normal distributions were rejected. The result indicates that geometric mean may be better than arithmetic mean to establish standard.

이중 에너지 엑스레이 흡수기의 가동 시간에 따른 골밀도 값의 평가 (The Bone Mineral Density Value According to the Operating Time of the Dual Energy X-ray)

  • 이해정;김호성;김은혜
    • 핵의학기술
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.40-45
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: Recently, the performance of the X-ray tube was very much improved by the power generation of the technology. However, the overload of equipment is occurred by the increment of the equipment operating time according to the increment of the examination number of cases. The X-ray dose can change by heat occurrence of the X-ray tube due to this. Moreover, the change of the bone mineral density value is possible to occur. Therefore, We tries to whether the change of the bone mineral density value of each equipment according to the difference of the examination number of cases and operating time occur or not. Materials and Methods: The BMD value was measured by the Aluminum Spine Phantom and the European Spine Phantom in each equipment, in order to find out about the difference of the time general classification bone mineral density value by using the Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. And after scanning each phantom by using X-ray dose meter (Unfors Mult-O-Meter), a dose was measured by the same condition. As to, an average and standard deviation were found and the change of each equipment much BMD value was compared and it evaluated. Results: $Mean{\pm}SD$ of each equipment by using the Aluminum Spine Phantom, A equipment was $1.174{\pm}0.002$, $1.171{\pm}0.005$, $1.173{\pm}0.005$, B equipment was $1.186{\pm}0.003$, $1.187{\pm}0.003$, $1.185{\pm}0.003$, C equipment was $1.180{\pm}0.003$, $1.182{\pm}0.004$, $1.183{\pm}0.002$, D equipment was $1.188{\pm}0.004$, $1.185{\pm}0.003$, $1.185{\pm}0.004$. By using the European Spine Phantom, A equipment was $1.143{\pm}0.006$, $1.153{\pm}0.009$, $1.161{\pm}0.003$, B equipment was $1.134{\pm}0.004$, $1.13{\pm}0.008$, $1.127{\pm}0.015$, C equipment was $1.143{\pm}0.006$, $1.134{\pm}0.01$, $1.133{\pm}0.006$, D equipment was $1.14{\pm}0.001$, $1.122{\pm}0.002$, $1.131{\pm}0.008$, altogether included in the normal range. Conclusion: There was no significant change of the BMD value of using a phantom by time zones. Therefore, if the quality control is made to use the extent management method of the equipment for beginning in the present application, the reliability of the BMD equipment will be able to be enhanced.

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속중성자선의 선량분포에 관한 연구 (Fast Neutron Beam Dosimetry)

  • 지영훈;이동한;류성렬;권수일;신동오;박성용
    • 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.45-57
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    • 1997
  • 속중성자선을 임상에 이용하기 위해서는 속중성자선의 선량 및 선량분포를 정확히 측정하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 현재 속중성자선의 측정법은 크게 나누어 American Associations of Physicists in Medicine, European Clinical Neutron Dosimetry Group 및 International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements에 의하여 제시되고 있으나 측정의 복잡함으로 인하여 서로 약간씩 다른 방법을 제시하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중성자 치료장치에서 방출되는 속중성자선의 방출선량 및 물질 내 선량분포 등의 측정을 통하여 독자적인 측정기술을 확보하고, 우리 실정에 알맞은 표준측정법을 개발하고자 하였다. 속중성자선의 선량 및 물질 내 선량 분포 측정에는 조직등가물질인 A-150 플라스틱으로 제작된 IC-17 및 IC-18 이온함, 마그네슘으로 제작된 IC-17M 이온함, TE 기체, Ar 기체 및 RDM 2A electrometer 등을 사용하였다. 연구 결과 중성자선에 혼합되어 있는 ${\gamma}$선의 오염도는 기준조사면 깊이 5cm에서 약 13% 로 나타났으며, 깊이가 깊어질수록 증가하였다. 기준 조사면에 대하여 중심축선상의 최대 선량 깊이는 1.32cm 이었으며, 50% 선량 깊이는 14.8cm로 나타났다. 표면선량율은 전 조사면에 걸쳐서 41.6%~54.1%이었으며 조사면가 커질수록 증가하였다. Beam profile 은 2.5cm 깊이에서 7.5% 정도 horne effect가 나타났으며 10cm 깊이에서 가장 평탄하였다.

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해양생태독성평가를 위한 표준시험방법 개발에 관한 연구 (Establishment of Standard Methods for Marine Ecotoxicological Test)

  • 박경수;이승민;한태준;이정석
    • 한국해양학회지:바다
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.106-111
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    • 2008
  • 해양생태독성평가를 위한 공정시험방법으로서 해양생태계의 분해자, 기초생산자 및 소비자를 대표하는 6개 생물군을 이용하여 각각의 생물에 대한 생태독성시험용 표준시험방법(standard methods)을 개발 또는 정립하였다. 본 시험방법은 미환경보호국, 국제기구 및 유럽국가의 표준시험방법을 참고하였으며, 독성시험에 사용되는 표준시험생물은 우리나라에 서식하는 해양성 또는 광염성 생물(euryhaline species)로 선정하였다. 각 시험방법은 표준시험생물의 배양 및 사육, 시험방법 및 과정, 시험의 재현성 및 적합도 기준 등을 포함한다. 표준시험생물은 총 9종으로서 해산발광박테리아(Vibrio fischeri), 해산규조류(Skeletonema costatum), 녹조구멍갈파래(Ulva pertusa), 해산윤충류(Brachionus plicatilis), 저서요각류(Tigriopus japonicus), 저서단각류 2종(Mandibulophoxus mai and Monocorophium acherusicum) 및 어류 2종(Oryzias latipes and Paralichthys olivaceus)을 포함한다. 표준시험생물은 해양생태계의 기초생산자, 분해자 및 소비자를 대표하며, 생태독성 시험시 각 영양 단계별 최소 1종을 포함하는 총 3종의 "battery test"를 권장한다.

Non-linear fire-resistance analysis of reinforced concrete beams

  • Bratina, Sebastjan;Planinc, Igor;Saje, Miran;Turk, Goran
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.695-712
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    • 2003
  • The non-linear structural analysis of reinforced concrete beams in fire consists of three separate steps: (i) The estimation of the rise of surrounding air temperature due to fire; (ii) the determination of the distribution of the temperature within the beam during fire; (iii) the evaluation of the mechanical response due to simultaneous time-dependent thermal and mechanical loads. Steps (ii) and (iii) are dealt with in the present paper. We present a two-step computational procedure where a 2D transient thermal analysis over the cross-sections of beams are made first, followed by mechanical analysis of the structure. Fundamental to the accuracy of the mechanical analysis is a new planar beam finite element. The effects of plasticity in concrete, and plasticity and viscous creep in steel are taken into consideration. The properties of concrete and steel along with the values of their thermal and mechanical parameters are taken according to the European standard ENV 1992-1-2 (1995). The comparison of our numerical and full-scale experimental results shows that the proposed mechanical and 2D thermal computational procedure is capable to describe the actual response of reinforced concrete beam structures to fire.

Introduction of Directive 2002/44/EC

  • Park, Hee-Sok
    • 대한인간공학회지
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.375-379
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    • 2011
  • Objective: The aim of this paper is to introduce the Directive 2002/44/EC on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from vibration. Background: Human beings interact with machinery, and contact with vibration is commonplace. Unfortunately, continuous exposure to mechanical vibration can lead to physical injury. And standards are needed for identifying those at risk and for taking steps to mitigate the problem and reduce risk of injury. Method: The contents of the Directive were summarized and discussed, especially against its ISO counterparts. Results: The Directive deals with minimum safety and health prescriptions relative to workers' exposure to risks due to mechanical vibration. This directive specifies exposure limit values and action values. It also specifies employers' obligations with regard to determining and assessing risks, sets out the measures to be taken to reduce or avoid workers' exposure. Finally, it details how to make exposed workers aware of this issue. Conclusion: In spite of some limitations, it has recently been transcribed into all national laws of member States of European union. Application: The results of the paper might help to establish or update the domestic standards on vibration.

Development Strategy of Orbit Determination System for Korea's Lunar Mission: Lessons from ESA, JAXA, ISRO and CNSA's Experiences

  • Song, Young-Joo;Ahn, Sang-Il;Sim, Eun-Sup
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.247-264
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    • 2014
  • In this paper, a brief but essential development strategy for the lunar orbit determination system is discussed to prepare for the future Korea's lunar missions. Prior to the discussion of this preliminary development strategy, technical models of foreign agencies for the lunar orbit determination system, tracking networks to measure the orbit, and collaborative efforts to verify system performance are reviewed in detail with a short summary of their lunar mission history. Covered foreign agencies are European Space Agency, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Indian Space Research Organization and China National Space Administration. Based on the lessons from their experiences, the preliminary development strategy for Korea's future lunar orbit determination system is discussed with regard to the core technical issues of dynamic modeling, numerical integration, measurement modeling, estimation method, measurement system as well as appropriate data formatting for the interoperability among foreign agencies. Although only the preliminary development strategy has been discussed through this work, the proposed strategy will aid the Korean astronautical society while on the development phase of the future Korea's own lunar orbit determination system. Also, it is expected that further detailed system requirements or technical development strategies could be designed or established based on the current discussions.

QoS-Oriented Solutions for Satellite Broadcasting Systems

  • Vargas, Aharon;Gerstacker, Wolfgang H.;Breiling, Marco
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
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    • 제12권6호
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    • pp.558-567
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    • 2010
  • In this paper, we analyze the capability of satellite broadcasting systems to offer different levels of quality of service (QoS). We focus on the European telecommunications standards institute satellite digital radio and digital video broadcasting satellite handheld (DVB-SH) standards, which have recently been proposed for satellite broadcasting communications. We propose a strategy to provide different levels of QoS for the DVB-SH standard on the basis of an extension of the interleaving scheme, referred to as molded interleaver, which supports low latency service requirements for interactive services. An extensive analysis based on laboratory measurements shows the benefits of this solution. We also present a multilevel coding (MLC) scheme with multistage decoding designed for broadcasting communications as an alternative to the existing standards, where services with different levels of QoS are provided. We present a graphical method based on mutual information for the design and evaluation of MLC systems used for broadcasting communications. Extensive simulations for a typical satellite channel show the viability of the proposed MLC scheme. Finally, we introduce multidimensional constellations in the proposed MLC scheme in order to increase the number of different protection levels.

ECCAIRS 5를 이용한 군 항공기 사고사례 분석 (Analysis of Aviation Accident and Incident in Military Using the ECCAIRS 5)

  • 김원규;홍승범;지민석;홍교영;안동만;최연철
    • 한국항공운항학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.80-86
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    • 2013
  • In an effort to decrease aviation accident worldwide, development of aviation safety management has been sought through aviation index and standardization, both by establishing SMS(Safety Management System). It also needs to be done in the domestic. both study on SMS which ICAO recommends and setting the top priority safety goal, each differently classified by nations. Accordingly, defining safety index and developing continuous monitoring approach. Aircraft accident reporting system in Air Force does not operate in a open approach method due to its uniqueness related to mission achievement. Therefore, limits of utilizing the recent worldwide aircraft data sharing and analyzing results to prevent accident is inevitable. This paper introduces an overview of ECCAIRS 5 which become the standard for the recent worldwide aviation safety reporting and data exchange system. Also using ECCAIRS 5, aircraft accident cases of the Air Force are classified such as accident type, year, month, occurrence category, and flight phase. The result of the study will provide a guide line for utilizing the civil system in prevention of future military aviation accidents.