• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.103-116
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• 1984

Randumly sampled out 157 extracted Korean adult teeth, aged 12 to 79 years, was applicated to estimat the age by Gustafson's method, were evaluated and analyzed in terms of phyological aging change. The results are as follows : 1. It was reconfirmed that there existed comparatively close correlationship between age and score, especially in old age. 2. Korean score had comparatively high level than those of European. 3. In the probability of age edetermination, the estimation error was the most high level in the age of 70~ with ±4.47, and next order was in the age of 10-19 with ±5.20,60-69 with ±5.8,30-39 with ±5.98,50-59 ±6.20,40-49 with ±6.72,20-29 with ±9.28.Mean value was ±8.03. 4. The regression equation is as follows. y=3.55x+8.52(r=8.75) standard deviation σ=±8.03 (y= estimated age x=score) 5. In age determination with those data, needs to estimate slightly lower than caculated age in range of 10-49, and higher in 50-70 for the real age determination.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.453-469
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• 2004

In this article, a genetic algorithm based optimum design method is presented for non-linear steel frames with semi-rigid connections. The design algorithm obtains the minimum weight frame by selecting suitable sections from a standard set of steel sections such as European wide flange beams (i.e., HE sections). A genetic algorithm is employed as optimization method which utilizes reproduction, crossover and mutation operators. Displacement and stress constraints of Turkish Building Code for Steel Structures (TS 648, 1980) are imposed on the frame. The algorithm requires a large number of non-linear analyses of frames. The analyses cover both the non-linear behaviour of beam-to-column connection and $P-{\Delta}$ effects of beam-column members. The Frye and Morris polynomial model is used for modelling of semi-rigid connections. Two design examples with various type of connections are presented to demonstrate the application of the algorithm. The semi-rigid connection modelling results in more economical solutions than rigid connection modelling, but it increases frame drift.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1156-1163
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• 2014

In this work by measuring transfer impedance of communication cables using EN50289 its Shielding effect is analyzed. transfer impedance measurement triaxial method using EN50289 is defined in CENELEC, it is unlike triaxial method prescribed in IEC Standard 96-1, can be measured regardless of diameter of coaxial cable and outer conductor. in this paper, transfer impedance measurement device of coaxial cable is designed and made according to EN50289 standard, The analysis determines the reliable working frequency range of coaxial cable and examined the impact of different shielding methods on coaxial cable. The transfer impedance measurements show considerable variations in results with various shielding methods. also the measurement procedure is verified through comparison of calculated and measured transfer impedance of RG-58 cable.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.327-334
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• 2002

Method of besoil analysis were difficult to be applied universally since the use and the source material of bedsoils are diverse from country to country. Korean Standard Methods for Bedsoil Analysis was developed to measure the particle and bulk density. Fifty-three samples for horticultural bedsoil and nine samples for paddy rice bedsoil in the current market were collected. Particle density was measured by electrical pyconometer with He gas, and bulk density by the sandbox method, free fall method, plunger compaction method, free fall and plunger method, and sample weight compaction method. While the use of glass pycnometer which measures particle density to fill blank space with water was inappropriate due to floating organic and calcined inorganic materials in the water, the electrical pycnometer with gas type was suitable considering speed and accuracy. For bulk density, the sandbox method recommended as European Standard Method was more reasonable in principle than other methods. However, this method requires expensive apparatus and intricate process. Plunger compaction method was proposed as standard method, since it had higher consistence with the sandbox method than other methods, as well as an advantage of easy and prompt measurement. Particle density of bedsoil ranged $1.48{\sim}2.67Mg\;m^{-3}$(mean $1.93Mg\;m^{-3}$) for horticultural bedsoil and $2.33{\sim}2.67Mg\;m^{-3}$ (mean $2.43Mg\;m^{-3}$) for paddy rice bedsoil by the electrical pycnometer with He gas. Bulk density of bedsoil ranged $0.11{\sim}0.40Mg\;m^{-3}$ (mean $0.22Mg\;m^{-3}$) for horticultural bedsoil and $0.84{\sim}1.26Mg\;m^{-3}$(mean $1.01Mg\;m^{-3}$) for paddy rice bedsoil by plunger compaction method.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.656-663
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• 2001

The quality of an intravenous immunoglobulin preparation (IVIG) is reflected by the degree of nonspecific activation of complements, the so-called anticomplementary activity (ACA). ACA of aggregates in IVIG was investigated using method by the European Pharmacopoeia and Clq-coated microtiter enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Both the EP method and the ELISA method showed a dose response curve with the amount of complements bound increasing with the percentage content of aggregates in immunoglobulin standard. The correlation between the two tests was good (r=0.96, r=0.99). However, the correlation was not found when the ACA (EP method) of IVIG product was compared with its aggregate percentage. These results emphasize that the method of aggregate formation affects ACA and that estimation of the percentage distribution of aggregates by HPLC may not reflect ACA. In analysing WIG product for Clq binding activity test with the ELISA, the result by using Protein A-HRP correlated with aggregate percentage (r=0.84). But the correlation decreased (r=0.48) when the result used Protein A-AP(having poorer sensitivity than HRP) was compared with aggregate percentage. As a result, some variation between the two methods, due to differences in assay principles, is to be expected. However, ELISA technique has the advantage in that it is easier to perform, more precise and less subject to reagent variability, and is the more suitable screening method than HPLC analysis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1185-1189
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• 2008

Two HPLC methods such as cefadroxil and cefalexin methods were compared in their performance for the quantitative analysis of the content and purity of $\beta$ -lactamic antibiotic, cefradine, for six bulk drug samples. Between the two methods, the cefadroxil method prescribed by the European Pharmacopoeia (EP) for the determination of impurities in cefradoxil was superior to the cefalexin method prescribed by the EP and by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) for the determination of cefalexin impurity in cefradine in terms of the greater stability of the chromatogram baselines and the higher precision, i.e., the lower % relative standard deviation (RSD). Based on the comparison of the two HPLC methods, the cefadroxil method was recommended to replace the TLC method, which has been prescribed by the EP as the official method for determination of extraneous impurities in cefradine.

• Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.88-101
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• 2004

The Third Generation (3G) cellular mobile communication systems aim at providing higher data rates, improved quality of service, support for multimedia applications and global roaming. Cdma2000 and Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) have emerged as two leading 3G standards in USA and European countries, respectively. Both the standards are capable of delivering high bandwidth data, voice and multimedia services to users of mobile equipment, but are not directly interoperableand are not available across different geographic areas, due to which global roaming is not possible in true sense of using single mobile equipment. However, both UMTS and cdma2000 are based on wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) as the access method. Due to this, there exist some inherent commonalities between them. In this paper we will try to exploit the commonalities between the two standards in order to design an ASIC, which can provide dual standard capability. This paper discusses the physical layer aspects of the two standards and proposes an approach to design an ASIC which can be mapped to baseband processing part of the physical layer and is capable of delivering for either of the two aforementioned standards.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.296-309
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• 2022

Timer options are one of the contingent claims that, for given the variance budget, its payoff depends on a random maturity in terms of the realized variance unlike the standard European vanilla option with a fixed time maturity. Since it was first launched by Société Générale Corporate and Investment Banking in 2007, the valuation of the timer options under several stochastic environment for the volatility has been conducted by many researches. In this study, we propose the pricing of timer power options combined with standard timer options and the index of the power to the underlying asset for the investors to actualize lower risks and higher returns at the same time under the uncertain markets. By using the asymptotic analysis, we obtain the first-order approximation of timer power options. Moreover, we demonstrate that our solution has been derived accurately by comparing it with the solution from the Monte-Carlo method. Finally, we analyze the impact of the stochastic volatility with regards to various parameters on the timer power options numerically.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.199-213
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• 2022

EN ISO 14971:2012 a risk management standard approved and applied as a European standard in 2012, will be adopted and applied as ISO 14971:2019 published in December 2019, ISO/TR 24971(Guidance) published in June 2020 from May 2022. After that, it is applied to IVDD surveillance and IVDR new and conversion, and the manufacturer is already preparing for application or is starting preparation for application. In addition, 98/78/EEC IVDD applied from 1998 will also be applied as REGULATION (EU) 2017/746 IVDR from May 2022. In particular, in IVDR, the requirements for post-marketing investigations such as Post Market Surveillance (PMS), Summary of safety and performance(SSP), Periodic Safety Update Report(PSUR) and Post Market Performance Follow Up(PMPF), which were not required in the existing IVDD, increased, and the contents were also specified. This study focused on ISO14971:2019 among these strengthened and newly applied regulations, and tried to present a detailed analysis and application plan of Post Market Surveillance (PMS) required by 2017/746 IVDR.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.87 no.4
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• pp.347-361
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• 2023

This research aims to assess the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) residential buildings when moment-resisting frames (MRFs) are used as the lateral resisting system. This investigation was conducted using MIDAS Gen v.19.0. Buildings with various plan footprints (Square, Rectangular, Circular, Triangular, and Plus-Shaped), and different heights (15 m, 30 m, 45 m, and 60 m) are investigated. The defined load cases, the equivalent static lateral load pattern, and the response spectrum function were defined as stated by the American Standard (ASCE 7-16), the 1997 Uniform Building Code (UBC97), the Egyptian Code for Loads (ECP-201), and the European Standard (EC8). Extensive comparisons of the results obtained by the different codes (including the story displacement, the story drift, and the base shear) were undertaken; to assess the response of moment-resisting multi-story framed buildings under lateral loads. The results revealed that, for all study cases under consideration, both ECP-201 and EC8 gave smaller base shear, displacement, and drift by one third to one fourth, around one fourth, around one fifth, respectively for both the ELF and RSA methods if compared to ASCE 7-16 and UBC97.