• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.41-61
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• 2016

This study was carried out to offer the basic data for establishing the management plan and constructing the ecological data by surveying and analysing the flora distributed in main survey sites(Mt. Gwangdeok, Mt. Cheonggye and Mt. Jukyeop), Hanbuk-Jeongmaek. The flora were summarized, numbering 659 taxa including 99 families, 341 genera, 575 species, 4 subspecies, 69 varieties and 11 forms. The rare plants were 16 taxa including Tylophora floribunda, Hanabusaya asiatica, Lilium cernuum, Belamcanda chinensis and so forth. The Korean endemic plants were 24 taxa including Salix koriyanagi, Aconitum pseudolaeve, Clematis trichotoma, Hosta minor and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 95 taxa including 32 taxa of grade I, 31 taxa of grade II, 25 taxa of grade III, 5 taxa of grade IV and 2 taxa of grade V. The naturalized plants were 38 taxa including Fallopia dumetorum, Silene armeria, Cosmos bipinnatus, Poa pratensis and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 4 taxa including Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia trifida, Aster pilosus and Eupatorium rugosum.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.125-129
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• 2000

Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park is one of the Long-term Ecological Research Site in Indonesia. In the late 1997, the fires have burnt and destroyed nearly 300 ha forest in this park. and G. Masigit was the largest burnt area (250 ha) of nine locations of hot spot recognized. Undergrowth vegetation got the most severe impacts. Almost undergrowth vegetation in various location were totally burnt. However, within three months following burning new seedlings such as Omalanthus populneus, Macaranga, Trema orientalis and Eupatorium appeared in the forest floor- The number of mycoflora recorded in burnt forest was interestingly increased in post forest fires site. Forest fires in G. Masigit had also affected the wild life population and diversity. For example, the number of bird species and the number of soil insects in burnt forest was significantly reduced. The forest fires had also great impact on soil. such as on soil organic contents, bulk density, colour, consistency, permeability and the activity of soil microorganisms.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2015

Forest disturbance sometime considered as a tool of management as it believed that mid level disturbance constructs better micro-climatic conditions which ultimately boost up the plant diversity. The effect of different levels of disturbance on species composition and regeneration is very important. Present attempt was carried out in a temperate evergreen oak forest which was under various degree of disturbance. The study area is one of the large ranges of oak forest in Garhwal Himalaya and compensating various types of daily needs of local people. On the basis of IVI values Quercus leucotrichophora holds first position in all the disturbance zones whereas Myrica esculenta upgraded it's rank in highly disturbed zone and showed less impacted species by disturbance. Berberis aristata and Eupatorium adenophorum in shrub layer and Anaphalis adnata and Bidens pilosa in herb layer were found as disturbance friendly species because they attained higher rank in highly disturbed zone whereas Caryopteris foetida was found disturbance-sensitive in shrub layer. The banj oak regenerated well under mid disturbance as compared to no and high degree of disturbance and a sharp downfall in the species diversity was recorded with increasing magnitude of disturbance. Density-diameter curves showed a reverse trend of lower density in higher girth classes. The results of the study should be useful for the forest management strategies.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.507-511
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• 2004

From the flowers of Chromolaena odorata (Eupatorium odoratum) four flavanones, isosakuranetin (5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanone) (1), persicogenin (5,3'-dihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavanone) (2), 5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavanone (3) and 4'-hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxyfla-vanone (4), two chalcones, 2'-hydroxy-4,4',5',6'-tetramethoxychalcone (5) and 4,2'-dihydroxy-4',5',6'-trimethoxychalcone (6), and two flavones, acacetin (5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone) (7) and luteolin (5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone) (8) were isolated and identified. Compound 1 exhibited moderate antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the MIC value of 174.8 $\mu$M, whereas compounds 4,7, and 8 exhibited weak activity with the MIC values of 606.0, 704.2 and 699.3 $\mu$M respectively. Compound 7 showed moderate cytotoxicity against human small cell lung cancer (NCI-H187) cells with the MIC value of 24.6 $\mu$M, whereas compound 8 exhibited moderate toxicity against NCI-H187 cells and week toxicity against human breast cancer (BC) cells with the MIC values of 19.2 and 38.4 $\mu$M respectively.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.540-543
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• 2007

We have investigated the vegetation in the peninsula located in Ongjeong-Li Seomyeon in Youngweol-gun. Since this is a limestone area, boxtrees, Abelia mosanensis T. H. Chung ex Nakai, and Selaginella stauntoniana Spring were abundant, as these are types of vegetation characteristic of limestone areas. Pinus densiflora S. et Z. was the most dominant woody plant, but vegetational changes, such as the dominance of Quercus variabilis Blume, Quercus dentata Thunb, and Quercus mongolica Fischer, were observed in spots. In particular, the growth of nursery plants of pinus densiflora S. et Z. was not observed, and young trees like Quercus mongolica Fischer grow as low vegetation of Pinus densiflora S. et Z.. Thus, the ecological succession of Quercus mongolica Fischer is predicted. Outside the investigation area, as herbaceous plants, various vegetations were observed, including Selaginella stauntoniana Spring, Thalictrum coreanum H. Lev., Mukdenia rossii(Oliv.) Koidz., Platanthera freynii Kraenzl., Cephalanthera longibracteata Blume, Potentilla dickinsii Franch., Patrinia rupestris(Pall.) Juss., Swertia pseudochinensis H. Hara, Vicia venosa(Willd.) Maxim., Pyrola japonica Klenze ex Alef., Disporum smilacinum A. Gray, Artemisia stolonifera(Maxim.) Kom. for. Stolonifera, Smilax nipponica Miq., Adenophora triphylla var. japonica(Regel) H. Hara, Isodon inflexus(Thunb.) Kudo, Gentiana scabra Bunge for. Scabra, Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum(Miq.) Ohwi, Dioscorea quinqueloba Thunb., Syneilesis palmata(Thunb.) Maxim., Asparagus schoberioides Kunth, Eupatorium japonicum Thunb. ex Murray, Galium kinuta Nakai & Hara, Saxifraga fortunei var. incisolobata, Lilium amabile Palib., Siberian iris, Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., Atractylodes ovata(Thunb.) DC., and Lysimachia clethroides Duby.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to figure out the structural characteristics of urban plant community and suggest restoration model of Quercus mongolica in the case of Korean national Capital Region. The investigation areas were selected from urban area of Mt. Nam at Chung-Gu, suburban areas of Mt. Bong at Eunpyoung-GU, Mt. Sungju at Buchon City and non-urban areas of Mt. Suri at Kunpu City and Mt. Chonma t namyangju-City. After the main study field had been classified into the evaluation of the ecological characteristics and the modeling of the vegetation. We analyzed to evaluate the ecological characteristics of the forest structure -- successional stage, naturalness, multi-layer structure of the forest and species diversity, and the plant community structures. We have proposed vegetation restoration model based on the selection of proper plants, the number of individuals, diameter short area of breast height, the shortest distance between plants in non-urban area. As for successional stage, It was judged that the ecological succession may not be followed like the present stage of the surveyed areas in urban, suburban and non-ruban areas. As for the retention of naturalness and multi-layer structures of vegetation, In Quercus mongolica community, Robinia pseudo-acacia and Ailanthus altissima occurred in each layers at Mt. Nam, Mt. Bong and Mt. Sungju, and Eupatorium rugosum occurred in herbaceous layer at Mt. Nam. Consequently, the ecological restoration plan following the structure of the vegetation in Mt. Chonma seemed to be advisable in Q. mongolica community, there were less number of species and individuals in urban areas than those of non-urban areas. Planting of trees following the simulated native plant community of non-urban areas seemed to be required to promote the plants in urban areas. Considering the number of individuals up to three layers in each 400$m^2$ area, it was composed of twenty nine in canopy layer, forth nine in understory layer, 367 in shrub layer and 33.7% herbaceous ground cover in the Q.mongolica community. The suggested restoration model in this study is nan applicable model for the introduction in the cities, and this study shows that continuous experiments and field investigation on this model should be performed in the future.

• 환경생물
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.408-415
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• 2006

Serpentines soil have high values of magnesium and low values of calcium, and are usually deficient in N and P, but rich in iron, Ni, silicates. We investigated serpentine soil properties and measured the content of nutrient elements and heavy metals in shoots and root of plant species which were in common at serpentine and non-serpentine areas in Andong, Korea. The soils showed higher pH value above 6.9. The contents of Ni, Cr, Fe and Mg of serpentine soils exhibited 77, 27, 5.5 and 12.5 times more than in non-serpentine soils, respectively. The content of Na was almost same but K was two times higher in non-serpentine soil, compared with serpentine soil. The contents of nutrient element such as K, Ca, Na and P in serpentine plants did not show conspicuous differences with non-serpentine plants. On the other hand, the concentrations of Ni, Cr, Fe, Mg and Mg/Ca were very high in plant on serpentine area. The all plant species collected at the serpentine site were bodenvag plants, which are not restricted to a specific type of substrate. By the plant species and parts of plant tissues, the absorption levels and patterns showed high variation and were species-specific. Carex lanceolata, Lysimachia clethroides and Cynanchum paniculatum contained much chromium and Eupatorium chinense and C. paniculatum exhibited high contents of Ni. In leaf tissue, C. lanceolata, Rubus parvifolius, Festuca ovina, Quercus serrata, and L. clethroides took comparatively large amount of Cr in serpentine area. E. chinense contained large amount of Ni, Cr and Fe in a leaf tissue. The stem of Galium verum, Juniperus rigida included high amount of Cr, Ni and Fe. And C. paniculatum absorbed large amount of Ni and Cr in the stem.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2003

Total 7 moors, Yong-neup on Mt. Daeam, Chilbo Mt. moor, Dogapsa-neup on Mt. Wolchul, Wangdeungiae-neup on Mt. Jiri, Mujechi-neup on Mt. Jungjok, Buljae-neup on Mt. Kyungak and Geoinri-neup on Dongsang, were investigated by literatures and survey. Distribution, conditions, and similarity of dominant species and Orchidaceae on moor were analyzed. The results are follows; There are total 46 wetland plant species observed more than twice from 7 moors. The plants classified as constancy class V, which are appeared more than 80%, are Iris ensata var. spontane, Juncus effusus var. decipiens, Sanguisorba tenuifolia var. alba, Habenaria linearifolia, Sium ninsi, Lobelia sessilifolia, Lastrea theiyptoris, and Eupatorium chinensis var. simplicifolium. Highly appearing Orchidaceae, which was classified to constancy class IV plant, are Habenaria linearifolia, Pogonia japonica, Eipactis thunbergii, and Platanthera mandarinorum. They are the typical index plants of the moors. Habitual environment of Habenaria radiate and Platanthera hologlottis can be affected by environmental aspects such as latitude, altitude and the water quality. However those of Habenaria linearifolia, Epipactis thunbergii, and Pogonia japonica are not affected by latitude and altitude, but may be determined by water condition of wetland. As the result of similarity index analysis for appearance of Orchidaceae identifying each moors in the view of species composition, swamps at Dogapsa-neup and Buljae-neup are very similar. However Yong-neup is totally different from those of Dogapsa-neup and Buljae-neup. Yong-neup had shown the high similarity indices of 0.85 and 0.75 with Wangdeungiae-neup and Mujechi-neup, respectively. Growth properties of wild Orchidaceae at wetland were almost similar. Platanthera mandarinorum and Liparis kumokiri had characteristics of good adaptability. Most of them need light. Pogonia was the only long-day plant. The flowering time of these Orchidaceae was from May to September.

• 환경생물
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.392-403
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• 2020

This study analyzed the distribution characteristics of invasive alien plants on the islands of the Korean Peninsula. Ten species, Rumex acetosella, Sicyos angulatus, Solanum carolinense, Ambrosia artemisiaefolia var. elatior, Ambrosia trifida, Aster pilosus, Eupatorium rugosum, Hypochaeris radicata, Lactuca scariola, and Paspalum distichum were present on 68 islands. These ecosystem-disturbing invasive alien plants appeared extensively on the islands of Gyeonggi province and Jeollanam province. The proportion of the plants on the inhabited islands (41 places, 2.15 species on average) was higher than that on the uninhabited islands (27 places, 1.07 species on average). This means that the distribution of invasive alien plants was closely related to human activity. The distribution of Ambrosia artemisiaefolia var. elatior(32 islands) and Rumex acetosella (31 islands) was the widest, and there were distinct distribution differences according to species. In the island area, the physical environment is poor compared to the mainland, and the native space is limited. Therefore, when invasive alien species enter and settle on the island, the native island plants can be damaged more than those on the mainland. In this regard, the discussion of the distribution of invasive alien plants in the island region can contribute to the conservation of biodiversity in the region.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권5_3호
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• pp.633-648
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• 1998

The forest vegetation of Mt. Nam Nature Park was investigated according to the phytosociological method. The vegetation in this study area was classified into 5 communities Quercus mongolica (Acer pseudo-sieboldianum subcommunity, Prunus sargentii subcommunity), P. sargentii, Pinus densiflora (Q. mongolica subcommunity, Stephanandra incisa subcommunity) and 5 afforestations Robinia pseudo-acacia, Populus tomentoglandulosa, P. koraiensis, P. rigida, Metasequoia glyptostroboides. Generally, were P. densiflora forest at the Southern slope and Q. mongolica forest at Northern slope dominant species from the top zone standing in Namsan tower. The dominance sequences on each stratum determined by the R-NCD (Relative net Contribution Degree) showed Q. mongolica and P. densiflora in tree-1 layer, Styrax japonica and Corbus alnifolia in tree-2 layer, S. incisa, S. japonica and rhododendron schlipenbachii in shrub layer, and Oplismenus undulatifolius, Eupatorium rugosum, Parthenocissus tricuspidata and Disporum smilacinum in herb layer. The soil was analyzed to investigate the soil conditions and fertility. The pHs of soil collected in each sites appeared strongly acidic with the range of 4.34 to 5.01 each community and especially, was the lowest value 4.34 in P. rigida afforestation. And Q. mongolica-P. sargentii subcommunity was distributed at the area with relative mesic conditions and high organic matters. Nitrogen was highest at P. sargentii community, phosphate at P. densiflora-S. incisa subcommunity, calcium, potasium and magnesium of exchangeble cation at R. pseudo-acacia afforestation. Especially, the level of calcium in R. pseudo-acacia afforestation, P. koraiensis afforestation and P. densiflora community was shown the highest (0.38-1.48 mg/100g) compared to other communities, because of the influence of lime fertilization used to improve acidic soil.