• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.262-270
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• 1987

A numerical method is presented which can solve the unsteady momentum and thermal boundary layers, coupled through the agency of buoyancy force, over a heated circular cylinder impulsively started from rest. By linearizing the nonlinear finite difference equations without sacrificing accuracy, numerical solutions are obtained at each time step without iteration. To get rid of the requirement of excessive number of grid points in the region of reversed flow, special form of transformed variables are used, by which the computational boundary layer thickness is maintained almost constant. These numerical properties enable the method to easily handle the region of reversed flow and how the singularity develops in the interior of the boundary layer. In order to investigated the thermal effects on the skin friction, heat flux, displacement thickness and on the separation, we have successfully solved three different cases of the buoyancy parameter .alpha.(Gr/Re$^{2}$).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.267-267
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• 2019

Driftwood is one of serious problems in a river environment. In several countries, such as Indonesia, Japan, and Italy, the driftwood frequently appears in a river basin, and it can alter the channel bed, flow configuration by wood deposition and jam formation. Therefore, the studies related to driftwood have been actively conducted by many researchers to understand the mechanism of driftwood dynamics. In particular, wood motion by collision is one of the difficult issues in the numerical simulation because the calculation for wood collision requires significantly expensive calculation time due to small time step. Thus, this study conducted the numerical simulation in consideration of the wood motion by water flow and wood collision to understand the wood dynamics in terms of computation. We used the 2D (two-dimensional) depth-averaged velocity model, Nays2DH, which is a Eulerian model to calculate the water flow on the generalized coordinate. A Lagrangian type driftwood model, which expresses the driftwood as connected sphere shape particles, was employed to Nays2DH. In addition, the present study considered root wad effect by using larger diameter for a particle at a head of driftwood. An anisotropic bed friction was considered for the sliding motion dependent on stemwise, streamwise and motion directions. We particularly considered changeable draft at each particle and projection area by an angle between stemwise and flow directions to precisely reproduce the wood motions. The simulation results were compared with experimental results to verify the model. As a result, the simulation results showed good agreement with experimental results. Through this study, it would be expected that this model is a useful tool to predict the driftwood effect in the river flow.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.361-372
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• 2019

The flow pattern of air layers and skin-friction drag reduction by air injection are investigated to find the suitable multiphase flow model using unstructured finite-volume CFD solver for the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. In the present computations, two different multiphase flow modeling approaches, such as the Volume of Fluid (VOF) and the Eulerian Multi-Phase (EMP), are adopted to investigate their performances in resolving the two-phase flow pattern and in estimating the frictional drag reduction. First of all, the formation pattern of air layers generated by air injection through a circular opening on the bottom of a flat plate are investigated. These results are then compared with those of MMkiharju's experimental results. Subsequently, the quantitative ratios of skin-friction drag reduction including the behavior of air layers, within turbulent boundary layers in large scale and at high Reynolds number conditions, are investigated under the same conditions as the model test that has been conducted in the US Navy's William B. Morgan Large Cavitation Channel (LCC). From these results, it is found that both VOF and EMP models have similar capability and accuracy in capturing the topology of ventilated air cavities so called'air pockets and branches'. However, EMP model is more favorable in predicting quantitatively the percentage of frictional drag reduction by air injection.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.323-331
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• 2019

In this study, a computational model approach for the modeling of hydrodynamic pressures acting on radial gates during strong earthquakes is proposed. The use of the dynamic layering method with the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) algorithm and the SIMPLE method for simulating free reservoir surface flow in addition to moving boundary interfaces between the fluid domain and a structure due to earthquake excitation are suggested. The verification and validation of the proposed approach are realized by comparisons performed using the renowned formulation derived by the experimental results for vertical and inclined dam surfaces subjected to earthquake excitation. A parameter study for the truncated lengths of the two-dimensional fluid domain demonstrates that twice the water level leads to efficient and converged computational results. Finally, numerical simulations for large radial gates with different curvatures subjected to two strong earthquakes are successfully performed using the suggested computational model.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.77 no.4
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• pp.441-461
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• 2021

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns are crucial in building structures and they are of higher vulnerability to terrorist threat than any other structural elements. Thus it is of great interest and necessity to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the possible responses of RC columns when exposed to high intensive blast loads. The primary objective of this study is to derive analytical formulas to assess vulnerability of RC columns using an advanced numerical modelling approach. This investigation is necessary as the effect of blast loads would be minimal to the RC structure if the explosive charge is located at the safe standoff distance from the main columns in the building and therefore minimizes the chance of disastrous collapse of the RC columns. In the current research, finite element model is developed for RC columns using LS-DYNA program that includes a comprehensive discussion of the material models, element formulation, boundary condition and loading methods. Numerical model is validated to aid in the study of RC column testing against the explosion field test results. Residual capacity of RC column is selected as damage criteria. Intensive investigations using Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) methodology are then implemented to evaluate the influence of scaled distance, column dimension, concrete and steel reinforcement properties and axial load index on the vulnerability of RC columns. The generated empirical formulae can be used by the designers to predict a damage degree of new column design when consider explosive loads. With an extensive knowledge on the vulnerability assessment of RC structures under blast explosion, advancement to the convention design of structural elements can be achieved to improve the column survivability, while reducing the lethality of explosive attack and in turn providing a safer environment for the public.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.28-43
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• 2023

Background: High-fidelity meteorological data is a prerequisite for the realistic simulation of atmospheric dispersion of radioactive materials near nuclear power plants (NPPs). However, many meteorological models frequently overestimate near-surface wind speeds, failing to represent local meteorological conditions near NPPs. This study presents a new high-resolution (approximately 1 km) meteorological downscaling method for modeling short-range (< 100 km) atmospheric dispersion of accidental NPP plumes. Materials and Methods: Six considerations from literature reviews have been suggested for a new dynamic downscaling method. The dynamic downscaling method is developed based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.6.1, applying high-resolution land-use and topography data. In addition, a new subgrid-scale topographic drag parameterization has been implemented for a realistic representation of the atmospheric surface-layer momentum transfer. Finally, a year-long simulation for the Kori and Wolsong NPPs, located in southeastern coastal areas, has been made for 2016 and evaluated against operational surface meteorological measurements and the NPPs' on-site weather stations. Results and Discussion: The new dynamic downscaling method can represent multiscale atmospheric motions from the synoptic to the boundary-layer scales and produce three-dimensional local meteorological fields near the NPPs with a 1.2 km grid resolution. Comparing the year-long simulation against the measurements showed a salient improvement in simulating near-surface wind fields by reducing the root mean square error of approximately 1 m/s. Furthermore, the improved wind field simulation led to a better agreement in the Eulerian estimate of the local atmospheric dispersion. The new subgrid-scale topographic drag parameterization was essential for improved performance, suggesting the importance of the subgrid-scale momentum interactions in the atmospheric surface layer. Conclusion: A new dynamic downscaling method has been developed to produce high-resolution local meteorological fields around the Kori and Wolsong NPPs, which can be used in short-range atmospheric dispersion modeling near the NPPs.

• Composites Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2009

Recently the wind energy has been alternatively used as a renewable energy resource instead of the mostly used fossil fuel due to its lack and environmental issues. This work is to propose a structural design and analysis procedure for development of the 500W class small wind turbine system which will be applicable to relatively low speed region like Korea and for the domestic use. The wind turbine blade was performed structural analysis including stress, deformation, buckling, vibration and fatigue. In addition, the blade should be safe from the impact damage due to FOD(Foreign Object Damage) including the bird strike. MSC.Dytran was used in order to analyze the bird strike penomena on the blade, and the applied method Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian was evaluated by comparison with the previous study results. Finally, the structural test was carried out and its test results were compared with the estimated results for evaluation of the designed structure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.149-149
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• 2020

하천에서 물 흐름이 보와 댐과 같은 수공구조물을 지날 때 일반적으로 흐름상태에 다양하고 급진적인 변화가 발생한다. 특히 흐름이 구조물을 지나면서 사류(supercritical flow)로 변하고 다시 상류(subcritical flow)로 복원되면서 일어나는 도수(hydraulic jump) 현상은 수위의 급변화, 흐름 에너지 소산, 변동성이 강한 압력 분포 등이 특징이다. 이러한 흐름 특성들은 보나 여수로와 같은 수공구조물 자체의 성능뿐만 아니라 이들 수공구조물의 하류에서 발생하는 국부세굴로 인해 구조물의 안정성에 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있다. 따라서 수공구조물을 설계할 때는 이들 구조물을 통과하는 흐름의 비정상 난류 흐름 특성을 정확하게 해석하여 반영하여야 한다. 이 연구에서는 k-omega SST 난류 모형과 자유수면의 급격한 변동을 해석하기 위한 하이브리드-VOF(hybrid volume of fluid)기법을 이용하여 도수현상을 수치적으로 재현하고자 한다. 기존 CFD(computational fluid Dynamics) 모델링에서는 자유수면 변동의 영향을 고려하기 위해 VOF 기법을 많이 사용하였다. 하지면 전통적인 VOF 기법은 다상흐름(multiphase flow)을 오직 부피분율(volume fraction)의 함수로만 고려하며 모의함으로써 강한 수면변동뿐만 아니라 공기연행(air entrainment)를 동반하는 난류 흐름을 모의하는데는 한계가 있다. 이 연구에서 이용하는 Eulerian 기법인 하이브리드 VOF 기법은 물과 공기의 각 상에 대하여 흐름 특성들을 개별적으로 계산하기 때문에 공기연행을 포함한 급변류 흐름에서 전통적인 VOF 기법보다 적용성이 우수하다. 이와 같은 난류모형과 자유수면 포착기법을 이용하여 3차원 비정상 난류 흐름 수치모형을 구축하여 수공구조물 주변에서 발생하는 강한 공기연행과 난류 특성를 보이는 급변류를 수치적으로 재현한다. 이 연구는 계산된 수치해석 결과를 기존 수리실험 결과와 비교하여 수치모형의 적용성을 평가하고 도수 현상에서 발생하는 독특한 흐름 특성을 제시한다.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.48.4-48.4
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• 2019

We studied the metal-distribution of isolated Milky-way mass galaxy using various hydrodynamic solvers and investigated the difference of the result between AMR and SPH codes. In particle-based codes, physical quantities like mass or metallicity defined in each particle are conserved unless being injected explicitly by the effect of the supernova, whereas in the Eulerian codes the diffusion is simply accomplished by hydro-equation. Therefore, without including explicit physics of diffusion on the SPH- codes, the metal mixing in the galaxy or CGM only can be accomplished by the direct motion of the particles, however, the standard-SPH codes depress the instability of the turbulent fluid mixing. In this work, we simulated under common initial conditions, common gas-physics like cooling-heating models, and star-formation feedback using ENZO(AMR) GIZMO and GADGET-2 codes. We additionally included a metal-diffusion algorithm on the SPH-codes, which follows the subgrid-turbulent mixing model investigated by Shen et al. (2010) and compared the effect of the metal-outflow on the halo region of the galaxy in different hydro-solvers. We also found that for the implementation of the diffusion scheme in the SPH-codes, the existence of a sufficient number of the gas-particles, which is the carrier of the metals, is necessary. So we tested a new initial condition for proper implementation of the diffusion scheme on the SPH simulations. By comparing the metal-contamination of the circumgalactic medium with different hydrodynamics models, we quantify the diffusion strength of AMR codes using diffusion parameterization of the SPH codes and also suggest the calibration solutions in the different behavior of codes in metal-outflow.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.5B
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• pp.557-562
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• 2006

In order to predict the dispersion of suspended sediment arising from dredging operation in port and navigation channel, a hybrid model for dispersive transport of turbidity plume was developed using Lee's(1998) hybrid method. Using hybrid modeling scheme advection-diffusion equation was solved by the forward particle-tracking method for advection process and by the fixed Eulerian grid method for diffusion process. To examine numerical model simulation in accuracy, the simulated results for 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D cases were compared with the analytical solutions including Kuo, et al's (1985) 3-D mathematical model. The model results were in a good agreement with the analytical solutions and mathematical model for the dispersion of turbidity plume.