• 제목/요약/키워드: Estrogen receptor-related receptor

검색결과 89건 처리시간 0.023초

십육미유기음(十六味流氣飮)의 면역활성(免疫活性)에 의한 유방암(乳房癌) 세포 성장억제효과(成長抑制效果) (Shipyeukmiyeugi-eum Extracts Suppressed Tumor Growth through Immunomodulatory Effects on MCF-7)

  • 정연철;박영선;김동철
    • 대한한방부인과학회지
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.40-60
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    • 2012
  • Objectives: The object of this study was to observe antitumor, anticachexia and immunomodulatory effects of Shipyeukmiyeugi-eum(SYM) on human breast cancer cell, MCF-7, xenograft Balb/c nu-nu nude mice. Methods: Three different dosages of SYM-125, 250 and 500 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 28 days from 11 days after tumor cell inoculation, and the changes on the body weights, tumor volume and weights, weights of spleen and popliteal lymph node and epididymal fat, serum IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ levels, NK cell and peritoneal macrophage activities, splenic TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 contents were observed. In addition, histopathological observations of apoptotic cell, spleen, popliteal lymph node and cervical brown adipose were also detected. The results were compared with a potent cytotoxic estrogen receptor antagonist, Tamoxifen 20 mg/kg treated mice. Results: Tumor volumes and weights were decreased without cytotoxic effects on the both MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells as results of all three different dosages of SYM treatment. And weights of body, spleen, popliteal lymph node, epididymal fat, serum IFN-${\gamma}$, NK cell, peritoneal macrophage activities, splenic TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 contents were increased with decrease of serum IL-6. At histopathological observations, apoptotic tumor cells, spleen, popliteal lymph node and cervical brown adipose tissue were increased. That means tumor-related immunosuppress and cachexia were markedly inhibited by SYM treatment as compared with tumor-bearing mice. On the other hand, Tamoxifen showed marked cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 and MCF-10A, decreases of tumor volume and weights, and increases of apoptotic tumor cells and related decreases of tumor cell volumes, but tamoxifen markedly deteriorated the tumor-related immune-suppress and cachexia. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study suggest that SYM showed favorable anticancer effects and anticachexic effects on the MCF-7 cell xenograft through immunomodulatory effects. SYM did not induce any cytotoxic effects against both normal and cancer cells.

Tumorigenic Effects of Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals are Alleviated by Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Root Extract through Suppression of AhR Expression in Mammalian Cells

  • Chu, Xiao Ting;de la Cruz, Joseph;Hwang, Seong Gu;Hong, Heeok
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권12호
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    • pp.4809-4813
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    • 2014
  • Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been reported to interfere with estrogen signaling. Exposure to these chemicals decreases the immune response and causes a wide range of diseases in animals and humans. Recently, many studies showed that licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract (LRE) commonly called "gamcho" in Korea exhibits antioxidative, chemoprotective, and detoxifying properties. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of LRE and to determine if and how LRE can alleviate the toxicity of EDCs. LRE was prepared by vacuum evaporation and freeze-drying after homogenization of licorice root powder that was soaked in 80% ethanol for 72 h. We used 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as a representative EDC, which is known to induce tumors or cancers; MCF-7 breast cancer cells, used as a tumor model, were treated with TCDD and various concentrations of LRE (0, 50, 100, 200, $400{\mu}g/mL$) for 24, 48, and 72 h. As a result, TCDD stimulated MCF-7 cell proliferation, but LRE significantly inhibited TCDD-induced MCF-7 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The expression of TCDD toxicity-related genes, i.e., aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), AhR nuclear translocator, and cytochrome P450 1A1, was also down-regulated by LRE in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of cell cycle distribution after treatment of MCF-7 cells with TCDD showed that LRE inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells via G2/M phase arrest. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis also revealed that LRE dose-dependently increased the expression of the tumor suppressor genes p53 and p27 and down-regulated the expression of cell cycle-related genes. These data suggest that LRE can mitigate the tumorigenic effects of TCDD in breast cancer cells by suppression of AhR expression and cell cycle arrest. Thus, LRE can be used as a potential toxicity-alleviating agent against EDC-mediated diseases.

Tumorigenic Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals are Alleviated by Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Root Extract through Suppression of AhR Expression in Mammalian Cells

  • Chu, Xiao Ting;Cruz, Joseph Dela;Hwang, Seong Gu;Hong, Heeok
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권13호
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    • pp.5117-5121
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    • 2014
  • Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been reported to interfere with estrogen signaling. Exposure to these chemicals decreases the immune response and causes a wide range of diseases in animals and humans. Recently, many studies showed that licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract (LRE) commonly called "gamcho" in Korea exhibits antioxidative, chemoprotective, and detoxifying properties. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of LRE and to determine if and how LRE can alleviate the toxicity of EDCs. LRE was prepared by vacuum evaporation and freeze-drying after homogenization of licorice root powder that was soaked in 80% ethanol for 72 h. We used 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as an EDC, which is known to induce tumors or cancers; MCF-7 breast cancer cells were used as a tumorigenic model. These were treated with TCDD and various concentrations of LRE (0, 50, 100, 200, $400{\mu}g/mL$) for 24, 48, and 72 h. As a result, TCDD stimulated MCF-7 cell proliferation, but LRE significantly inhibited TCDD-induced MCF-7 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Expression of TCDD toxicity-related genes, i.e., aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), AhR nuclear translocator, and cytochrome P450 1A1, were subsequently down-regulated by LRE in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of cell cycle distribution after treatment of MCF-7 cells with TCDD and various concentrations of LRE showed that LRE inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells via G2/M phase arrest. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses also revealed that LRE dose-dependently increased the expression of the tumor suppressor genes p53 and p27 and down-regulated the expression of cell cycle-related genes. These data suggest that LRE can mitigate the tumorigenic effects of TCDD in breast cancer cells by suppression of AhR expression and cell cycle arrest. Thus, LRE can be used as a potential toxicity-alleviating agent against EDC-mediated disease.

The antioxidant icariin protects porcine oocytes from age-related damage in vitro

  • Yoon, Jae-Wook;Lee, Seung-Eun;Park, Yun-Gwi;Kim, Won-Jae;Park, Hyo-Jin;Park, Chan-Oh;Kim, So-Hee;Oh, Seung-Hwan;Lee, Do-Geon;Pyeon, Da-Bin;Kim, Eun-Young;Park, Se-Pill
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.546-557
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    • 2021
  • Objective: If fertilization does not occur within a specific period, the quality of unfertilized oocytes in the oviduct (in vivo aging) or in culture (in vitro aging) will deteriorate over time. Icariin (ICA), found in all species of Epimedium herbs, has strong antioxidant activity, and is thought to exert anti-aging effects in vitro. We asked whether ICA protects oocytes against age-related changes in vitro. Methods: We analyzed the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and expression of antioxidant, maternal, and estrogen receptor genes, and along with spindle morphology, and the developmental competence and quality of embryos in the presence and absence of ICA. Results: Treatment with 5 μM ICA (ICA-5) led to a significant reduction in ROS activity, but increased mRNA expression of glutathione and antioxidant genes (superoxide dismutase 1 [SOD1], SOD2, peroxiredoxin 5, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2), during aging in vitro. In addition, ICA-5 prevented defects in spindle formation and chromosomal alignment, and increased mRNA expression of cytoplasmic maturation factor genes (bone morphogenetic protein 15, cyclin B1, MOS proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase, and growth differentiation factor-9). It also prevented apoptosis, increased mRNA expression of antiapoptotic genes (BCL2-like 1 and baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5), and reduced mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic genes (BCL2 antagonist/killer 1 and activation of caspase-3). Although the maturation and cleavage rates were similar in all groups, the total cell number per blastocyst and the percentage of apoptotic cells at the blastocyst stage were higher and lower, respectively, in the control and ICA-5 groups than in the aging group. Conclusion: ICA protects oocytes against damage during aging in vitro; therefore, it can be used to improve assisted reproductive technologies.

젊은 한국인 유방암 환자에서 BRCA1/2 돌연변이와 호르몬 수용체, HER-2 상태에 관한 연구 (A Study on BRCA1/2 Mutations, Hormone Status and HER-2 Status in Korean Women with Early-onset Breast Cancer)

  • 최두호;진소영;이동화;김은석;김용호
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.65-73
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    • 2008
  • 목적: 40세 이하의 젊은 여성 유방암 환자는 나이 든 여성 보다 BRCA1과 BRCA2 배선돌연변이의 빈도가 상대적으로 높다. 유방암 가족력이 있거나 젊은 나이에 유방암을 진단받은 백인 여성들의 BRCA1/2 돌연변이 암에 대한 연구에서 면역조직화학적으로 BRCA1/2 돌연변이 음성인 암과 다른 특성이 발견되었다. 이 연구의 목적은 유방암 가족력과 관계없이 젊은 나이에 유방암이 발생한 한국 여성을 대상으로 BRCA1/2 돌연변이 유뮤에 따라, 그리고 BRCA1과 BRCA2 각각의 돌연변이에 따라 면역조직화학적 특성으로 상호간의 구별이 가능한지, 면역조직화학적 검사로 BRCA1/2 돌연변이의 가능성을 알아보는 것이 가능한지를 조사하는데 있으며 BRCA와 관련된 암의 예후인자로서의 역할도 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: BRCA1/2 검사를 시행한 40세 이하의 한국인 젊은 여성 유방암 환자의 유방암 수술 후 병리조직을 찾아서 조직미세배열법으로 슬라이드를 만들었다. 이 검체들의 병리조직, 등급, 림프절 전이, T 병기, 에스트로겐 수용체, 프로게스테론 수용체 및 HER-2 상태와 BRCA1/2의 관계를 비교하였다. 그리고 이 환자들의 BRCA 돌연변이 상태와 면역조직학적, 병리학적 상태와 예후 인자로서의 역할도 조사하였다. 결과: BRCA1/2 돌연변이를 조사한 101명 중 14명에서 16개의 돌연변이가 있었으며(13.9%), 유방암-난소암 가족력이 있는 경우(4/14, 28.6%), 양측성 유방암이 있는 경우(3/9, 33.3%)에 BRCA1/2 돌연변이 빈도가 높았다. 에스트로겐 수용체 음성인 경우 BRCA1/2 양성이 19.4%(12/62)로 에스트로겐 수용체 양성 비율 5.1%(2/37)에 비해 유의하게 높았고(p=0.038), HER-2 음성인 경우 BRCA1/2 돌연변이 음성 비율이 16.5%(13/79)로 양성 비율 4.5%(1/22)에 비해 높은 경향을 보였으며(p=0.073), 프로게스테론 수용체는 차이가 없었다. 에스트로겐 수용체, 프로게스테론 수용체 및 HER-2 모두 음성인 경우(triple negative)는 BRCA1/2 돌연변이 비율이 24.2%(8/33)로 매우 높았다. 종양의 크기, 림프절 전이 상태, HER-2 상태는 단변량 변수와 다변량 변수 모두에서 무병 생존에 유의한 영향을 미치는 인자 이었으나 BRCA1/2 돌연변이 상태는 무병생존에 유의한 인자가 아니었다. 결론: 면역조직화학적으로 에스트로겐 수용체나 HER-2 음성을 보이는 젊은 유방암 환자에서 BRCA1/2 돌연변이 발생이 유의하게 높았으며, 프로게스테론 수용체까지 모두 음성인 경우 BRCA1/2 돌연변이가 있을 확률이 24.2%로 높아서 유방암 유전자 돌연변이 가능성을 예측하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 한국인 젊은 여성 유방암 환자에서 BRCA1/2 돌연변이 상태가 무병생존에 유의한 인자는 아니었으나 좀 더 많은 환자와 긴 추적관찰 기간의 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Gene Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk in a Chinese Population

  • Luo, Ting;Chen, Long;He, Ping;Hu, Qian-Cheng;Zhong, Xiao-Rong;Sun, Yu;Yang, Yuan-Fu;Tian, Ting-Lun;Zheng, Hong
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.2433-2437
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    • 2013
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent regulator of angiogenesis and thereby involved in the development and progression of solid tumours. Associations between three VEGF gene polymorphisms (-634 G/C, +936 C/T, and +1612 G/A) and breast cancer risk have been extensively studied, but the currently available results are inconclusive. Our aim was to investigate associations between three VEGF gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in Chinese Han patients. We performed a hospital-based case-control study including 680 female incident breast cancer patients and 680 female age-matched healthy control subjects. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was performed to detect the three VEGF gene polymorphisms. We observed that women carriers of +936 TT genotypes [odds ratio (OR) =0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.28, 0.76; P=0.002] or 936 T-allele (OR=0.81, 95% CI= 0.68, 0.98; P=0.03) had a protective effect concerning the disease. Our study suggested that the +1612G/A polymorphism was unlikely to be associated with breast cancer risk. The -634CC genotype was significantly associated with high tumor aggressiveness [large tumor size (OR=2.63, 95% CI=1.15, 6.02; P=0.02) and high histologic grade (OR=1.47, 95% CI= 1.06, 2.03; P=0.02)]. The genotypes were not related with other tumor characteristics such as regional or distant metastasis, stage at diagnosis, or estrogen or progesterone receptor status. Our study revealed that the VEGF -634 G/C and +936 C/T gene polymorphisms may be associated with breast cancer in Chinese Han patients.

The Prediction of the Expected Current Selection Coefficient of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Associated with Holstein Milk Yield, Fat and Protein Contents

  • Lee, Young-Sup;Shin, Donghyun;Lee, Wonseok;Taye, Mengistie;Cho, Kwanghyun;Park, Kyoung-Do;Kim, Heebal
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.36-42
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    • 2016
  • Milk-related traits (milk yield, fat and protein) have been crucial to selection of Holstein. It is essential to find the current selection trends of Holstein. Despite this, uncovering the current trends of selection have been ignored in previous studies. We suggest a new formula to detect the current selection trends based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). This suggestion is based on the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and the Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection both of which are trait-dependent. Fisher's theorem links the additive genetic variance to the selection coefficient. For Holstein milk production traits, we estimated the additive genetic variance using SNP effect from BLUP and selection coefficients based on genetic variance to search highly selective SNPs. Through these processes, we identified significantly selective SNPs. The number of genes containing highly selective SNPs with p-value <0.01 (nearly top 1% SNPs) in all traits and p-value <0.001 (nearly top 0.1%) in any traits was 14. They are phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B), serine/threonine kinase 40 (STK40), collagen, type XI, alpha 1 (COL11A1), ephrin-A1 (EFNA1), netrin 4 (NTN4), neuron specific gene family member 1 (NSG1), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), neurexin 3 (NRXN3), spectrin, beta, non-erythrocytic 1 (SPTBN1), ADP-ribosylation factor interacting protein 1 (ARFIP1), mutL homolog 1 (MLH1), transmembrane channel-like 7 (TMC7), carboxypeptidase X, member 2 (CPXM2) and ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (ADAM12). These genes may be important for future artificial selection trends. Also, we found that the SNP effect predicted from BLUP was the key factor to determine the expected current selection coefficient of SNP. Under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of SNP markers in current generation, the selection coefficient is equivalent to $2^*SNP$ effect.

45세 이하의 유방암환자에서 조직미세배열법을 이용한 면역조직화학적 생체표지자의 역할 (The Role of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers as Prognostic Factors by the Use of a Tissue Microarray in Breast Cancer Patients Under 45-years-old)

  • 김은석;최두호;진소영;이동화;박희숙;이민혁;원종호;김용호;이규택;김성용
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.45-55
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    • 2008
  • 목적: 45세 이하의 유방암 환자의 종양조직의 파라핀 블록을 조직미세배열법(Tissue Microarray, TMA)으로 만들어 에스트로겐 수용체(ER), 프로게스테론 수용체(PR), HER-2, COX-2 및 Survivin 등 5가지의 생체표지자의 발현상태와 상호관계, 환자의 치료 후 추적관찰 상태와 관련성을 분석하여 예후인자로서의 의의를 연구하는 데 있다. 대상 및 방법: 1994년 3월부터 2005년 8월까지 수술을 시행한 45세 이하의 유방암 환자 중에서 TMA 분석이 가능한 212명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 환자의 나이는 23세부터 45세까지로 중앙 나이가 39세이었으며 최소 추적관찰기간은 24개월, 중앙 추적 관찰기간은 60개월이었다. 45세 이하의 환자를 선택한 후 수술 조직표본을 찾아 HE 염색된 슬라이드를 통해 암 부위를 표시한 후 TMA 장비를 통해 미세조직배열을 만들었다. 그리고 다섯 가지 생체표지자에 대한 면역조직화학 염색을 시행하였으며 병리전문의가 판독하였다. 그리고 이 결과와 환자들의 연령, 병기, 림프절 전이, 수술방법, 다양한 약물요법과 가족력 등 여러 가지 인자와 환자의 추적 관찰 결과를 입력하여 예후인자들을 분석하였다. 결과: T 병기에 따른 환자 분포는 T1이 90명, T2가 101명으로 다수를 차지하였고 105명(49.5%)에서 액와 림프절의 전이가 있었다. 모든 환자의 5년 무병 생존율과 5년 생존율은 각각 82.3%, 90.4%이었으며 36명의 환자가 국소 재발이나 원격전이가 추적 관찰기간에 발생하였고 20명은 암과 관련하여 사망하였다. ER, PR, HER-2, COX-2, 그리고 survivin의 양성 발현비율은 각각 38.2%, 45.3%, 25.9%, 41.5%와 43.4%이었으며 종양의 크기, 나이, 림프절 전이의 여부, 호르몬 수용체의 상태, 그리고 HER-2의 상태가 무병 생존기간에 대한 단변량 분석상 중요한 예후인자 이었으며 생존율에 미치는 영향은 종양의 크기, 림프절의 전이, 호르몬 수용체, 그리고 HER-2의 발현이었다. COX-2나 survivin은 예후인자로서의 역할을 찾을 수 없었으나 HER-2와 COX-2가 동시에 발현되는 경우에 예후가 나쁜 경향을 관찰할 수 있었다. 다변량 분석상 오직 T-병기와 림프절의 전이 여부만이 중요한 예후 인자이었고 ER은 경계의 의미가 있었다. 결론: 45세 이하의 여성 유방암 환자에서 호르몬 수용체 상태와 HER-2는 예후인자이었고 COX-2와 survivin은 예후인자로서의 역할을 찾을 수 없었다.

DU-145 전립선 암세포에 있어서 mifepristone과 tamoxifen이 칼슘조절에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Mifepristone and Tamoxifen on Calcium Modulation in DU-145 Prostate Cancer Cells)

  • 김여름;김병기
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제20권9호
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    • pp.1324-1331
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    • 2010
  • Mifepristone (MIF)와 Tamoxifen (TAM)은 각각 전립선암과 유방암치료제로 오랫동안 사용되고 있다. MIF는 안드로겐수용체(AR) 양성인 세포와 음성이 세포 모두에서 세포사멸을 유도하며, TAM 은, 리간드-수용체작용 기작의 다양한 특성에 의하여 에스트로겐(ER) 양성인 세포뿐 만 아니라 다른 종류의 암세포에서도 세포사멸을 유도하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 AR 음성인 DU-145 전립선암세포에 있어서, MIF와 TAM의 세포독성이 세포 내 칼슘농도 변화에 기인된 세포사멸기작에 의한 것임을 보여준다. MIF와 TAM을 처리시 세포성장은 농도와 시간의존적으로 감소하였으며, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)과 fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FASC)로 세포를 분석한 결과 각각 MIF와 TAM을 2일간 처리한 세포에서 세포사멸이 진행되는 것을 관찰하였다. 세포독성효과를 비교했을 경우, TAM이 MIF 보다 강하게 작용하였다. MIF와 TAM을 처리한 세포 내 칼슘변화 측정 시, 칼슘농도 또한 처리 약물의 농도와 시간 의존적으로 증가하였다. 1.5 mM 칼슘배지와 칼슘제거된 배지에서의 실험결과를 비교한 바, 세포 내 칼슘증가는 외부로부터의 유입에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 세포독성효과와 마찬가지로 칼슘증대 효과 역시 TAM에서 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 수용체 매개 세포사멸기작의 초기에 관여하는 procaspase-8은 MIF 처리 시 뚜렷이 활성화 되었으나, TAM의 경우 활성화가 MIF의 경우에 비해 강하지 못하였다. 그러나, 세포사멸의 중추적인 역할을 하는 caspase-3은 TAM 을 처리한 세포에 있어서 활성 정도가 훨씬 높았다. 세포사멸과정의 중요한 조절 단백질인 Bcl-2 그룹단백질의 발현을 조사해 본 결과, 세포사멸 억제단백질인 Bcl-2의 발현은 MIF, TAM 처리 시 동일하게 감소한 반면, 촉진단백질인 Bax의 발현은 2-3배 가량 증대되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 MIF와 TAM은 세포 내 칼슘조절을 통하여 세포사멸을 유도하나, 세포사멸의 초기단계는 MIF와 TAM이 서로 다른 경로를 경유할 가능성이 있는 것으로 생각된다.