• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2007.04a
• /
• pp.38-40
• /
• 2007

In this paper, we propose a novel architecture, which is based on DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform), for ME (Motion Estimation) and MC (Motion Compensation). The traditional algorithms of ME and MC based on DCT did not suffer the advantage of the coarseness of the 2-dimensional DCT (2-D DCT) coefficients to reduce the operational time. Therefore, we derive a recursion equation for transform-domain ME and MC and design the structure by using highly regular, parallel, and pipeline processing elements. The main difference with others is removing the IDCT block by using to transform domain. Therefore, the performance of our algorithm is more efficient in practical image processing such as DVR (Digital Video Recorder) system. We present the simulation result which is compare with the spatial domain methods. it shows reducing the calculation cost. compression ratio. and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.92-97
• /
• 2004

The aim of this study is to estimate the strength of injection molded plastic stepped gear. We considered stepped gear as plate model which are fixed by two edges. While, on the other sides are free. Normal gear is calculated by Lewis formula which can be derived quite simply from the equation for the stress at the root of a cantilever beam. Stress ratio(step factor) is represented for the ratio of the bending stress of normal and the bending stress of stepped gear, and it is plotted by face width factor. This study is propose the step factor added in Dupont equation which are strength estimation of step gear

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.120-124
• /
• 1994

Browse from oriental white oak(Quercus aliena Blume) was analysed for nutritive value and biomass estimation. The content of cmde protein was high on August and September. NDF, ADF and lignin contents were increased with progressing the seasons but IVDMD, TDN, DE and ME levels were not different from the variation of seasons. Tannin content was high on May and June. Basal stem diameter $\times$ height of tress was highly correlated with browse dry weights(r=0.80**) and the linear regression equation are the follows; Y = 8.23 + O.57X(Y = browse dry weight(g), X= basal stem diameter $\times$ height(cm)). Using the traditional cutting method, the amounts of browse was determined as 823 g dry weight per tree, while the new method by the above equation gave a similar results, i. e., 793 g dry weight per tree. The possibility of browse biomass estimation of oriental white oak by the basal stem diameter $\times$ height index was found.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.174-180
• /
• 2014

In this paper, a new and simple method is proposed to quickly estimate the induced electric field in the human child exposed to a 100 kHz-10 MHz magnetic field, for the sake of electromagnetic field (EMF) safety assessment. The quasi-static finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to calculate the induced electric fields in high resolution 3D human child models with various body size parameters, in order to derive the correction factor for the estimation equation. The calculations are repeated for various frequencies and incident angles of the magnetic field. Based on these calculation results, a new and simple estimation equation for the 99th percentile value of the body electric field is derived that depends on the body size parameters, and the incident magnetic field. The estimation errors were equal to or less than 5.1%, for all cases considered.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1999.10a
• /
• pp.170-177
• /
• 1999

The natural period calculation equations specified in the current building code are empirical formulas that depend on height and material type of the structure. Building with the upper wall and lower frame type is a unique structure which composed of two different structural system This type of structure needs either the deep transfer girder or the thick transfer plate that brings the sudden change of stiffness and mass. Therefore the natural period equations recommended by the current code can not be applied directly. In this study the natural period of building with typical plan obtained by dynamci analysis is compared with that of various codes. Ad approximate estimation equation for the natural period of building with the upper wall and lower frame type obtained by regression analysis is recommended. by the current code can not be applied directly. In this study the natural period of building with typical plan obtained by dynamic analysis is compared with that of various codes, And approximate estimation equation for the natural period of building with the upper wall and lower frame type obtained by regression analysis is recommended.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.366-378
• /
• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop a sodium index, which is a tool for estimating and assessing sodium intake easily and quickly, to assist in the prevention of various diseases induced by excess sodium intake in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The 24-h urine collection and dietary behavior surveys were performed on 640 healthy people in 4 regions of South Korea, and an equation for the estimation of 24-h sodium intake was developed. The validity and reliability of the equation were verified with 200 adults. The sodium index was developed by converting the estimated sodium intake using the equation. Finally, the sodium intake status of 1,600 adults was assessed using the sodium index. RESULTS: The equation included sex, age, body mass index, eating habit and dietary behaviors related to sodium intake. In validity test of the equation, the mean bias between sodium intake using 24-h urine analysis and using the equation from the Bland-Altman plots was -1.5 mg/day. The sensitivity and specificity of the equation for estimation of sodium intake were 80.5% and 64.4%, respectively. In the reliability test of the equation, there was no significant difference between the first and second sodium intakes calculated using the equations, and Spearman's correlation coefficient between the 2 sodium intakes was 0.98. Sodium intake can be assessed as 'very moderate' for 75-100 on the sodium index, 'moderate' for 100-150, 'careful' for less than 75 or 150-200, and 'severe' for 250 or more. When sodium intake was assessed using the sodium index in 1,600 subjects, 54.3% and 24.3% of the subjects were assessed to be in the 'careful' and 'severe' categories, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Using a simple questionnaire, the sodium index can be used to monitor and assess sodium intake status, assisting in nutrition education and counseling in a large population.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.285-294
• /
• 2005

This paper deals with the comparison of parameter estimation methods in a 3-parameter Kappa distribution which is sometimes used in flood frequency analysis. Method of moment estimation(MME), L-moment estimation(L-ME), and maximum likelihood estimation(MLE) are applied to estimate three parameters. The performance of these methods are compared by Monte-carlo simulations. Especially for computing MME and L-ME, three dimensional nonlinear equations are simplified to one dimensional equation which is calculated by the Newton-Raphson iteration under constraint. Based on the criterion of the mean squared error, L-ME (or MME) is recommended to use for small sample size( n$\le$100) while MLE is good for large sample size.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.65.1-65.1
• /
• 2010

Thermal performance tests of solar thermal collectors include determination of coefficient parameters in an efficiency equation. The parameters can be estimated using regression method to minimize an objective function as sum of differences between measured efficiency data and regressed efficiency equation. However, this conventional approach doesn't consider measurement uncertainties. In this presentation, a method to determine regression parameters in the efficiency equation and uncertainties of the parameters is described with mainly mathematical expressions based on literature reviews. In the method, parameters in the equation for collector efficiency can be determined using regression analysis with a weighting factor in the objective function. The weighting factor can be uncertainties of the differences between measured and fitted efficiencies. To evaluate the approach, performance estimation of a solar collector using the efficiency equation with uncertainties is compared to the result using the conventional efficiency equation by a simulated way for a case in one of previous studies.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2024

This paper aims to advance our understanding of extensible beams with multiple cracks by presenting a crack energy and motion equation, and mathematically justifying the energy functions of axial and bending deformations caused by cracks. Utilizing an extended form of Hamilton's principle, we derive a normalized governing equation for the motion of the extensible beam, taking into account crack energy. To achieve a closed-form solution of the beam equation, we employ a simple approach that incorporates the crack's patching condition into the eigenvalue problem associated with the linear part of the governing equation. This methodology not only yields a valuable eigenmode function but also significantly enhances our understanding of the dynamics of cracked extensible beams. Furthermore, we derive a governing equation that is an ordinary differential equation concerning time, based on orthogonal eigenmodes. This research lays the foundation for further studies, including experimental validations, applications, and the study of damage estimation and detection in the presence of cracks.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.44 no.7
• /
• pp.591-599
• /
• 2011

The rainfall intensity is a very essential factor which must be considered for the estimation of the time of concentration. The rainfall intensity, however, is not fully considered for the estimation of the time of concentration due to the complexity of the equation of rainfall intensity. To increase accuracy of the time of concentration, the rainfall intensity and return period were included in the derivation of the time of concentration equations in this study. The equation of rainfall intensity is Sherman type and the regional coefficients were estimated from the rainfall intensity readings on the probability rainfall maps published by Ministry of Construction and Transportation. For simple calculation of rainfall intensities, the contour maps were drawn that expresses coefficients of the Sherman type equation. By substituting the Sherman type equation of rainfall intensity in the equation of the time of concentration, a relatively simple equation with no repeated calculation has been derived. From the study results, in order to include the influence of the rainfall intensity for the estimation of the time of concentration, it is highly recommended that the Sherman type equation of rainfall intensity be used. When one knows a location in Korea and a return period, he can estimate the coefficients of the rainfall intensity equation and calculate the time of concentration considering the rainfall intensity.