• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.86-98
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• 2021

This study was designed to characterize the effect of ginsenoside-Rg2 (Rg2), one of panaxatriol saponins isolated from Korean ginseng root, on the release of catecholamines (CA) in the perfused model of the rat adrenal medulla, and also to establish its mechanism of action. Rg2 (3~30 µM), administered into an adrenal vein for 90 min, depressed acetylcholine (ACh)-induced CA secretion in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Rg2 also time-dependently inhibited the CA secretion induced by 3-(m-chloro-phenyl-carbamoyl-oxy)-2-butynyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (McN-A-343), 1.1-dimethyl-4-phenyl piperazinium iodide (DMPP), and angiotensin II (Ang II). Also, during perfusion of Rg2, the CA secretion induced by high K⁺, veratridine, cyclopiazonic acid, methyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(2-trifluoro-methyl-phenyl)-pyridine-5-carboxylate (Bay-K-8644) depressed, respectively. In the simultaneous presence of Rg2 and N^ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride ʟ-NAME), the CA secretion induced by ACh, Ang II, Bay-K-8644 and veratridine was restored nearly to the extent of their corresponding control level, respectively, compared to those of inhibitory effects of Rg2-treatment alone. Virtually, NO release in adrenal medulla following perfusion of Rg2 was significantly enhanced in comparison to the corresponding spontaneous release. Also, in the coexistence of Rg2 and fimasartan, ACh-induced CA secretion was markedly diminished compared to the inhibitory effect of fimasartan-treated alone. Collectively, these results demonstrated that Rg2 suppressed the CA secretion induced by activation of cholinergic as well as angiotensinergic receptors from the perfused model of the rat adrenal gland. This Rg2-induced inhibitory effect seems to be exerted by reducing both influx of Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ through their ionic channels into the adrenomedullary cells as well as by suppressing Ca²⁺ release from the cytoplasmic calcium store, at least through the elevated NO release by activation of NO synthase, which is associated to the blockade of neuronal cholinergic and AT₁-receptors. Based on these results, the ingestion of Rg2 may be helpful to alleviate or prevent the cardiovascular diseases, via reduction of CA release in adrenal medulla and consequent decreased CA level in circulation.

• 공업화학
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.653-659
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 메톡시폴리에틸렌글리콜(methoxy polyethylene glycol)과 올레아놀산(Oleanolic acid) 유도체(mPEG-OA derivative)를 합성하였으며, 합성된 유도체에 대하여 수용액에서의 용해도와 멜라닌 생성억제 효과를 평가하였다. mPEG-OA 유도체의 합성된 구조는 1H NMR, 13C NMR 및 FT-IR로 확인하였다. 수용액에서 mPEG-OA 유도체와 OA의 용해도를 측정한 결과, mPEG-OA 유도체는 13 mg/mL, OA는 0.013 mg/mL로서, mPEG-OA 유도체의 수용성이 OA보다 1,000배 높게 나타냈다. 세포생존율은 B16F10 melanoma cells에서, mPEG-OA 유도체의 세포생존율(250 μM)이 OA로 처리한 세포생존율(62.5 μM)과 비교하여 4배 증가하였다. 멜라닌 생합성 억제 효과는 세포생존율이 영향을 받지 않는 농도에서 측정하였으며, mPEG-OA 유도체는 50 μM의 농도에서 36%, OA는 10 μM의 농도에서 35%의 억제 효과를 나타내었다. B16F10 melanoma cells에서 MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor)의 발현 억제 수준은 mPEG-OA 유도체는 50 μM의 농도에서 59%, OA는 10 uM의 농도에서 49%의 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 종합적으로 mPEG-OA 유도체와 OA의 수용성 및 미백활성을 비교한 결과, mPEG-OA 유도체는 OA보다 뛰어난 수용성을 가지며, 멜라닌 생합성을 억제하는 효과를 나타냄으로써 미백 기능성 화장품 소재로서 응용 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2020

파장 400 nm 이하의 자외선은 눈 건강에 매우 해롭다. 또한 고에너지 가시광도 망막 세포에 영향을 줄 수 있음이 최근에 밝혀졌다. 따라서 자외선 및 고에너지 가시광 차단 기능의 안경렌즈 개발이 시대적으로 요청되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 m-자일릴렌 디이소시아네이트 모노머와 2,3-bis((2-mercaptoethyl)thio)-1-propanethiol 모노머 및 벤트리아졸 UV 흡수제, 알킬인산에스터 이형제, 안료혼합물(CI solvent violet 13), 이염화부틸주석 촉매제 등의 혼합물을 인젝션 몰드 방법으로 열중합 공정을 적용하여, 굴절률 1.67의 고굴절률 폴리머 안경렌즈를 제조하였다. 제조된 폴리머 안경렌즈의 양면에 전자빔 진공증착 시스템으로 다층 반사방지 코팅을 하였다. 제조된 안경렌즈의 자외선 및 고에너지 가시광 차단 기능을 UV-visible spectrophotometer로 분석하였다. 그 결과 UV 흡수제를 0.5wt% 첨가한 폴리머 안경렌즈가 411 nm 파장 이하의 자외선 및 고에너지 가시광을 99 % 이상 차단하였다. 또한 460 ~ 660 nm 파장의 명소시 시각 민감도 10% 이상의 영역에서 평균 투과율이 97.9%를 나타내어 명소시에서 선명한 상을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of present study was to investigate the vasorelaxant activities and mechanisms of action of the ethanol extract of P. yedoensis leaf (PYL) on isolated rat aortic rings. Methods : Dried P. yedoensis leaves were extracted 3 times with 100% ethanol for 3 h in a reflux apparatus. Isolated rat aortic rings were suspended in organ chambers containing 10 ml Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution. The rings were maintained at $37^{\circ}C$ and aerated with a mixture of 95% $O_2$ and 5% $CO_2$. Changes in their tension were recorded via isometric transducers connected to a data acquisition system. Results : PYL relaxed the contraction of aortic rings induced by phenylephrine (PE, 1 ${\mu}M$) or KCl (60 mM) in a concentration dependent manner. However, the vasorelaxant effects of PYL on endothelium-denuded aortic rings were lower than endothelium-intact aortic rings. And the vasorelaxant effects of PYL on endothelium-intact aortic rings were reduced by pre-treatment with $N{\omega}$-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (10 ${\mu}M$), methylene blue (10 ${\mu}M$), 1-H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3-${\alpha}$]-quinoxalin-1-one (10 ${\mu}M$), tetraethylammonium (5 mM). In addition, PYL inhibited the contraction induced by extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in endothelium-denuded aortic rings pre-contracted by PE or KCl in $Ca^{2+}$-free K-H solution. Conclusions : These results suggest that PYL exerts its vasorelaxant effects via the activation of Nitric Oxide (NO) formation by means of L-arginine and NO-cGMP pathways and via the blockage of receptor operated calcium channels, voltage dependent calcium channels and calcium-activated potassium channels.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.210-221
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• 2022

비스테로이드소염제(NSAID)와 γ-secretase 저해제(DAPT) 또는 SIRT1저해제(MHY2245)의 병용 효과를 인간 대장암(KM12) 및 간암(SNU475) 세포를 대상으로 조사한 결과, celecoxib (CCB) 및 2, 5-dimethyl celecoxib (DMC)를 포함하는 NSAID는 DAPT 또는 MHY2245와의 병용에 의하여 COX-2활성과 상관없이 NSAID의 암세포 증식 억제능이 현저히 증강되었다. DAPT와 MHY2245는 p62단백질 감소와 동시에 Notch1, CD44, CD133, octamer- binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) 등의 다수의 종양 줄기세포 표지자 및 NICD1 발현 양을 감소시켰지만, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) 발현은 증강시켰다. 또한 NSAID 단독처리 보다 NSAID/DAPT 및 NSAID/MHY2245 병용 처리에 의하여 오토파지가 촉진되므로서 종양 줄기세포 표지자의 발현 및 단백질양의 감소가 가속화되고, 이에 따라 PARP 활성화 및 세포사멸이 현저히 증강 되었다. 결론적으로 NSAID/DAPT 및 NSAID/MHY2245의 병용 투여는 종양 줄기세포 표지자를 발현하는 인간 암세포의 증식 억제 및 제거에 효과적인 처리방법으로, 임상에 적용시킬 수 있는 학문적 근거로서 제공 될 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.157-172
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• 2023

Azadirachta excelsa, is a plant belonging to the same genus as Indian neem (Azadirachta indica), and its use as a pesticide is reported by few studies. Despite being a different species, it is expected to have the same biopesticide potential as A. indica. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the anti-termite activity of n-hexane and methanol extracts of A. excelsa seed kernel at various concentrations against Coptotermes curvignathus. The methanol extract demonstrated greater termicidal activity than n-hexane at doses test of 2%, 4%, and 8%. It also showed 100% termite mortality on the third day of administering the 8% dose. According to the gas chromatography with mass spectrometry data, the putative main components of the n-hexane extract were hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (18.99%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (16.31%), and 9-octadecenal (16.23%). In contrast, the principal constituents of methanol extract were patchouli alcohol (28.1%), delta-guaiene (15.15%), and alpha-guaiene (11.93%). Furthermore, limonoids profiling of A. excelsa methanol extract was determined using Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. The number of limonoids identified tentatively was fifteen, such as 6-deacetylnimbin, nimbolidin C, nimbolide, 6-acetylnimbandiol, 6-deacetyl-nimbinene, salannol, 28-deoxonimbolide, gedunin, nimbandiol, epoxyazadiradione, azadirone, 2',3'-dihydrosalannin, marrangin, nimbocinol, and azadirachtin. They were the same as those reported in the seed and leaves of A. indica, but its largest component in A. excelsa was 6-deacetylnimbin. As a result, the presence of these compounds may be responsible for the anti-termite activity of A. excelsa seed kernel extract. Additionally, column chromatography of methanol extract yielded 6-deacetylnimbin, which was found to be antifeedant and termiticide against C. curvignathus.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.244-257
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• 2002

주사슬에 나프탈렌고리와 테트라메틸렌 및 헥사메틸렌 유연격자를 가지면서 트라이어드메소겐을 갖는 새로운 열방성 방향족 액정 폴리에스테르(TLCP)를 용액중합법에 의하여 합성하였다. TLCP의 함량을 달리하는 TLCP/PEN in situ 복합재료를 용융방사하여 연신비가 각각 다른 단섬유를 제조하고 그들의 열적, 기계적 특성 및 모폴로지를 조사하였다. 합성된 TLCP는 네마틱 액정중합체였으며 고체상에서 액정상으로의 전이 온도는 249 ℃였다. 블렌드내의 TLCP 도메인들은 매트릭스 고분자인 PEN에 잘 분산 되었으며 어떠한 거대 상 분리 현상도 보여 주지 않았다. TLCP 함량의 증가에 따른 블렌드내 PEN의 cold crystallization 온도가 낮아진 것으로 보아서 TLCP가 PEN에 대한 조핵제 역할을 하였음을 알 수 있었다. 블렌드 섬유내의 TLCP의 도메인 크기는 대략 40 ~ 50 nm정도의 미세한 크기였으며 매트릭스와의 사이에 좋은 계면 접착력을 보였다. 또한 cold 및 hot-drawing 과정을 거친 낮은 draw ratio(DR)에서는 거의 fibril이 형성되지 않았지만, 높은 DR에서는 잘 발달된 fibril들을 보여 주었다. TLCP의 강화효과로 인하여 10 wt% TLCP/ PEN 블렌드 섬유의 초기 모듈러스는 270 %, 인장강도는 235 %의 증가를 보여주었다. 반면에 신장률은 DR의 증가와 함께 감소 하였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2007

참나물의 잎과 줄기부위에서 가장 많이 함유하고 있는 무기 성분은 K, P, Ca, Mg 순이었으며 잎 부위가 줄기부위보다 Ca, P, Mg함유량이 약 4배 정도 많았다 전자코를 이용한 휘발성 향기성분 패턴은 신선한 참나물의 경우 제1주성분 값이 +값을, 음건한 건조 참나물은 - 값을 나타내어서 신선한 참나물과 건조한 참나물 사이에는 뚜렷한 차이를 보였고 건조방법에 따른 시료간의 구별이 가능하였다. SDE법에 의해 신선한 참나물은 aldehydes 3종, alcohols 9종, ester 4종, hydrocarbons 5종, terpen hydrocarbons 34종, ketone 1종, 기타 2종의 총 58 종이 확인되었고, 음건한 참나물은 aldehydes 4종, alcohols 7종, hydrocarbon 1종, terpen hydrocarbons 17종, ketone 1종, 기타 1종의 총 31종이 확인되었다. SDE법에 의한 신선, 음건한 참나물 모두 ${\alpha}$-selinene(37.89%, 12.59%)가 가장 많이 확인되었는데 신선할 때보다 음건한 경우 휘발성향기성분의 peak수와 peak area%가 적었다. CAR/PDMS fiber HS-SPME법에 의해 34종이 확인되었는데 aldehydes 2종, alcohols 2종, hydrocarbons 7종, terpen hydrocarbons 23종이며 myrcene(15.50%)가 가장 많이 확인되었다. PDMS fiber HS-SPME법에 의해 aldehydes 1종, alcohols 1종, hydrocarbons 2종, terpen hydrocarbons 17종으로 총 21종이 확인되었고 germacrene D(16.84%)가 가장 많았다. SDE법에 의한 경우가 SPME법보다 향기성분의 종류와 양이 많았고 HS-SPME법의 경우 CAR/PDMS fiber가 PDMS fiber 보다 더 많은 종류의 향기가 확인되었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1099-1112
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dyslipidemia causes metabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis and fatty liver syndrome due to abnormally high blood lipids. Purple perilla frutescens extract (PPE) possesses various bioactive compounds such as α-asarone, chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid. This study examined whether PPE and α-asarone improved dyslipidemia-associated inflammation and inhibited atheroma formation in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice, an experimental animal model of atherosclerosis. MATERIALS/METHODS: ApoE-deficient mice were fed on high cholesterol-diet (Paigen's diet) and orally administrated with 10-20 mg/kg PPE and α-asarone for 10 wk. RESULTS: The Paigen's diet reduced body weight gain in apoE-deficient mice, which was not restored by PPE or α-asarone. PPE or α-asarone improved the plasma lipid profiles in Paigen's diet-fed apoE-deficient mice, and despite a small increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and very LDL were significantly reduced. Paigen's diet-induced systemic inflammation was reduced in PPE or α-asarone-treated apoE-deficient mice. Supplying PPE or α-asarone to mice lacking apoE suppressed aorta atherogenesis induced by atherogenic diet. PPE or α-asarone diminished aorta accumulation of CD68- and/or F4/80-positive macrophages induced by atherogenic diet in apoE-deficient mice. Treatment of apoE-deficient mice with PPE and α-asarone resulted in a significant decrease in plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein level and an increase in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase reduced by supply of Paigen's diet. Supplementation of PPE and α-asarone enhanced the transcription of hepatic apoA1 and SR-B1 reduced by Paigen's diet in apoE-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS: α-Asarone in PPE inhibited inflammation-associated atheroma formation and promoted hepatic HDL-C trafficking in dyslipidemic mice.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2024

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic ester that protects human keratinocytes against oxidative damage induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure, however, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the cell signaling mechanisms that regulate the antioxidant activity of RA and confirm its cyto-protective role. To explore the signaling mechanisms, we used the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and SKH1 hairless mouse skin. RA enhanced glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) expression in HaCaT cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, RA induced nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) nuclear translocation and activated the signaling kinases protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Treatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, the ERK inhibitor U0126, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) gene silencing suppressed RA-enhanced GCLC, GSS, and NRF2 expression, respectively. Cell viability tests showed that RA significantly prevented UVB-induced cell viability decrease, whereas the glutathione (GSH) inhibitors buthionine sulfoximine, LY294002, and U0126 significantly reduced this effect. Moreover, RA protected against DNA damage and protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis caused by UVB-induced oxidative stress in a concentration-dependent manner in SKH1 hairless mouse skin tissues. These results suggest that RA protects against UVB-induced oxidative damage by activating AKT and ERK signaling to regulate NRF2 signaling and enhance GSH biosynthesis. Thus, RA treatment may be a promising approach to protect the skin from UVB-induced oxidative damage.