• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2022

This study aims to systematically review the candidate types for OECMs suitable for domestic conditions in areas related to the Korea Forest Service in order to achieve the goal of establishing the protected areas and OECMs system required by Post-2020 GBF, and to provide basic data for the establishment of the national protected areas system. As a result of the study, the selection criteria for OECMs were presented, and it was found that arboretums·botanical gardens, Natural Recreation Forests, and air holes may correspond to the Candidate Types for OECMs. As a result of evaluating the possible areas for OECMs based on the OECMs selection criteria, in the case of arboretums·botanical gardens, it is judged that only conservation areas can be designated as OECMs, except for areas mainly used by visitors of arboretums·botanical gardens that fall under the BGCI conservation type among national and public arboretums·botanical gardens. However, private and school arboretums·botanical gardens have personal property ownership, so it was judged to have no effective measures to control activities that may adversely affect biodiversity, which showed limitations in designation of OECMs. Natural Recreation Forests was found to meet the OECMs selection criteria. However, private forests have personal property ownership, which limits the designation of OECMs. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the function of in-situ conservation in order to meet the OECMs for private and school arboretums·botanical gardens, and private forests that have personal property ownership. To this end, effective measures are needed to achieve biodiversity conservation outcomes, and it is judged that legal control and corresponding support policies (incentives) are needed. In the case of air holes, for sustainable conservation, the management boundary of air holes should be clearly defined based on the preparation of laws and guidelines related to air holes. In addition, it is judged that it is desirable to designate the competent local forest office as the management authority and conduct periodic detailed surveys of air holes, establish and implement the conservation plans based on those.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1185-1198
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• 2020

This study aimed to suggest a framework for biotope classification and evaluation based on habitat values to rationally establish management areas of national parks. The factors and indicators related to the biotope classification and evaluation were established based on integration from those of previous studies. The decision tree evaluation process was applied to the classification and evaluation of the biotope type level. The evaluation of the biotope group level was carried out to determine the weight and the AUEM (Adding Up Estimation Matrix) was applied for the final grades. As a result, the biotope type of Seolaksan National Park was classified into 43 types and Odaesan National Park was classified into 41 types. Bukhansan National Park, which is located in a metropolitan city, was classified into 49 types. In terms of biotope evaluation, grade III had a ratio of 50.6%, the highest in Seolaksan national park. The ratios of grade I and grade II, which have great ecological-value, were respectively 12.0% and 36.5%. Grade II was 48.2%, the highest ratio in Odaesan National Park. The ratios of grades I and II were 10.8% and 37.9%, respectively. Grade III was 54.8%, the highest ratio in Bukhansan national park, and the ratios of grade I and grade II, which have great ecological-value were, respectively, 11.4% and 25.7%. The biotope values of major national parks were evaluated according to the type focusing on the actual vegetation. This framework can be considered for application to the spatial management of other types of protected areas.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.81-91
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• 2021

북한의 정권 수립 초기인 1970년대 초까지는 자연환경과 관련된 직접적인 법제가 마련되지 못하였고, 1977년 토지법 제정을 통해 토지보호, 보호구역, 산림조성 및 보호 등 자연환경 보호에 관한 법적 근거를 마련하였다. 북한 환경법제의 발전 단계는 환경보호법 제정(1986년)과 함께 그 근간을 갖추었으며, 1990년대에 들어서 헌법 개정(1992년)을 통해 "국가의 책무로서 자연환경의 보존·조성"을 규정하였고, 그 이후 "환경보호법"을 기본법으로 다양한 분야의 하위법령을 제정하여 분법화한 것으로 나타났다. 보호지역의 경우 초기에는 위원회 결정 등으로 보호지역을 지정·관리하다가, "환경보호법"을 통해 다양한 법정 보호지역 지정 근거를 마련한 후 "명승지·천연기념물보호법(1995)", "자연보호구법(2009)" 등으로 관련법들이 세분화된 것을 알 수 있다. 자연보호구의 유형으로는 생물권보호구, 원시림보호구, 동물보호구, 식물보호구, 명승지보호구 등이 있다. 국제적으로 알려진 북한의 보호지역은 생물다양성협약 "제2차 국가생물다양성전략 및 행동계획(2007년)"에서 326개소가 있는 것으로 기술하였으나, 2018년 보호지역 UN-list에는 31개소만 등록되어 있어 북한의 보호지역 기초정보 구축 노력이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과는 북한의 자연 보전체계의 이해를 돕기 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 현재 대북제재(UN 안보리, 미국) 상황 속에서 멸종위기생물 보호와 환경오염회복 등 환경보호활동 등이 제재 예외 대상인 것을 감안한다면 자연환경 분야에서 실현 가능한 남북협력 사업 발굴에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.143-155
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• 2011

Recently, in forest areas of Gyeonggi-Do where golf courses are developed indiscriminately due to the rapid increase in demand, two and three golf courses are being concentrated and combined to develop and it's occurring lots of problems. This study therefore, aims to examine their problems and propose environment-friendly improvements of combined development, by analyzing laws related to golf course's location and the current location status. The results of this study are as followings; Firstly, when analyzing related laws, it was found that unified standards should be established in relation to regulation of the external conditions of golf course sites and individual index. Secondly, standards of a proper separated distance are needed, when developing golf courses. Thirdly, we need to preferentially preserve areas where should be protected environmentally, and establish criteria approving golf courses built close to the boundary of a buffer area only, by introducing the concepts of a buffer area based on the UNESCO MAB. Lastly, we have to set up criteria considering Network elements for maintaining the connectivity of the ecosystem.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.74-82
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• 1999

This study is aimed to establish the development plannings for the sustainable tourism of Yongyoo Island and Mooeui Island, neighboring areas of Youngjong Island, for the conservation and environmentally friendly use of Korean coastal wetlands. The concepts of sustainable tourism is described. The current development status and its problems of Youngjong Island and its neighboring areas are analysed. The development plannings for sustainable tourism of Yongyoo Island and Mooeui Island are suggested as follows : (1) The small scale tourism development projects, which are able to represent region's own characteristics, instead of large scale ones, should be performed. (2) The participation of community people should be guaranteed at the beginning stage of the decision making processes for tourism development projects. Additionally, the profits of the development should be fairly distributed among community people. (3) The coastal wetlands should be conserved and their sewage disposal capacity should be protected by way of the minimization of reclamation. (4) The coastal wetlands should be developed into the tourist resorts utilizing migratory birds as tourism resources. In addition, the carrying capacity of the coastal wetlands, which is based on the current status of ecosystems and the Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA), should be calculated.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.73-92
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to establish the conservation and restoration areas for sustainable stream management by reflecting the ecological health, cultural characteristics, and the citizens' needs for stream uses. Therefore, we extended spatial ranges of stream evaluation to riparian areas in addition to stream sections. The evaluation indexes are stream naturalness, availability, biota assessment, and riparian characteristics such as land uses and legally protected areas. The grading system was unified with five classes. The spatial evaluation units for stream section are classified as right and left for laterally and 500m for longitudinally. For riparian areas, 30m and 100m of distance from the edge of stream are applied as spatial evaluation units. The six types of stream sections for management are conservation sections(priority/general) and restoration sections(priority/general) for ecological landscape and core and general sections for cultural landscape. The established system for evaluation and designating areas for stream management was applied to Jeonjucheon and Samcheon in Jeonju-si, and the conservation and restoration areas were designated reflecting the characteristics of urban and non-urban areas and left and right of stream sections. The results of this study will provide detailed guidelines for designating stream sections and practical management strategies for sustainable urban stream management.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2010

The principal objective of this study was to characterize the relationships between geographical conditions (e.g., island area, distance to mainland) and landscape structures of uninhabited islands, and to evaluate the effects of islands and their landscape structures on species richness. One hundred randomly selected islands and 5,000 m buffered areas derived from the boundaries of each island were used to summarize the number of observed bird species, and landscape pattern indices, particularly patch density, edge density, shape index, and mean nearest neighboring distance. Spatial arrangements of individual patch type at the class level, which are markedly affected by the distance from an island to the mainland, have a superior ability to explain the variances in species richness, as compared to the geographical conditions and landscape pattern indices at the landscape level. The results demonstrate that the patch type landscape structure is the primary factor affecting species richness, as well as the distance to the mainland. In particular, landscape pattern indices of cropland/pasture and woody cover are statistically significant in terms of explaining species richness, which suggests that food resources and appropriate conditions in landscape structures of habitat types are assumed as important elements in attracting bird species. This study also proposes the importance of evaluation on the landscape structure of each island, in order to designate protected areas and to establish a management plan for species conservation in uninhabited islands.

• 생태와환경
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.234-244
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• 2018

도로상에서 차량 충돌에 의해 죽는 동물을 의미하는 로드킬(Roadkill)은 다양한 동물 개체군 크기를 감소시키는 요인으로 작용하고 있으며, 도로가 잘 발달한 도시지역은 물론 국립공원과 같은 보호지역에서도 척추동물의 사망을 유발하는 가장 큰 인위적인 원인으로 알려져 있다. 생태계 안정성을 위해 매우 중요한 분류군인 뱀류 로드킬이 국가 생물다양성과 생태계 다양성의 주축인 국립공원 지역에서 빈번하게 발생하고 있음에도 불구하고 이에 대한 연구는 매우 부족한 상태이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 2006년부터 2015년 사이 6개 국립공원 내 도로에서 발생한 뱀류 로드킬 현황을 조사, 연구하였다. 그 결과, 총 10종 736건의 로드킬이 조사되었으며, 유혈목이(Rhabdophis lateralis), 누룩뱀(Elaphe dione), 쇠살모사(Gloydius ussuriensis), 능구렁이(Lycodon rufozonatus), 살모사(Gloydius brevicaudus) 5종이 전체의 91.7%를 차지하고 있었다. 섭식유형별로는 먹이를 찾아다닐 것으로 예상되는 활동형 뱀류의 로드킬이 더 빈번하게 발생하였고, 월별로는 어린 개체가 분산하는 8월과 동면지로 이동하는 9월에 고도 100~799 m 사이에 위치한 산림-도로-수계나 산림-도로-산림 환경조건에서 주로 발생하였다. 이러한 결과들은 국립공원 내 도로에서 뱀류의 로드킬 경향 파악과 효율적인 로드킬 저감 방안과 각종 정책 수립에 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 북한의 생태계와 국토 관리에 대한 문제를 해결할 수 있는 법적 체계를 수립하는데 도움을 주기 위하여, 자연환경과 사회기반시설에 대한 북한의 법령을 종합적으로 분석하였다. 북한의 헌법에서 환경권은 자연환경 보전의 측면이 강조되어 있다. 북한에서는 자연환경과 국토 관리에 대한 법령은 비교적 통합적으로 제정되어 있었다. 자연환경 관리에서 자연보호지역 설정을 중심으로 생태계 보전이 이루어지고 있다. 국토관리에서는 사회기반시설에 대한 우선순위가 강조되고 있다. 북한의 자연환경과 국토 관리에 대한 선진적인 법 체제 구축과 법 집행의 성과를 거두기 위하여 경제적, 기술적 지원이 요청된다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.169-192
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• 2021

Sacred groves are large areas of virgin or human-modified landscape with a diverse range of species that have been protected by local people for centuries due to cultural, religious beliefs, and taboo that the deities live in them and protect the villagers from various calamities. The present study was carried out for quantitative analysis of diversity, population structure, regeneration and conservation status of tree species in the four 36.86 ha sacred groves of Jhargram district in West Bengal. Tree species composition, population structure and regeneration status were analyzed by randomly establishing of 1 ha subplots within the sacred groves. Density, frequency, basal area, abundance, evenness, and other diversity indices were calculated for adult trees with girth at breast height (GBH) >31 cm. A total of 146 tree species belonging to 116 genera distributed in 44 families from 21 orders were recorded. Pterospermum suberifolium, family Malvaceae showed the highest Species Importance Value Index (SIVI, 21.33) and Fabaceae showed the highest Family Importance Value Index (FIVI, 35.59) values respectively. Individuals are categorised into three groups, seedling, sapling and adult based on girth classes. The majority of tree species exhibited good (52.74%) regeneration followed by fairly (24.66%), poor (15.75%) and no regeneration (6.85%) respectively. With the healthy existence of the sacred grove, the overall population structure of tree species showed a strong regeneration potential. The current data will be useful in determining the current status of tree species and will be used by the forest department, politicians, and conservationists to establish management plans for the conservation of priority species in the region. Since the study areas were sacred groves, tribal members were keen to preserve them due to their religious significance.