• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2004

To validate and to estimate the chemical hazard playa very important role to environment and human health. The detection of many synthetic chemicals used in industry that may pose a genetic hazard in our environment is of great concern at present. Since these substances are not limited to the original products, and enter the environment, they have become widespread environmental pollutants, thus leading to a variety of chemicals that possibly threaten the public health. In this resepct, the clastogenicity of 17 synthetic chemicals was evaluated with bone marrow micronucleus assay in mice. The positive control, mitomycin C (2 mg/kg, i.p.) revealed significant induction ratio of percentage of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes/1,000 polychromatic erythrocytes compared to solvent controls. The chemicals with relatively high $LD_{50}$ value such as allyl alcohol (CAS No. 107-18-6), 2,4-pentanedione (CAS No. 123-54-6) and 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol (CAS No. 88-04-0) revealed no significant induction of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mice. From this results, 17 synthetic chemicals widely used in industry have revealed no significant micronucleus induction of clastogenicity in mice in this experiment.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2007

This study assessed folate intakes, folate concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes, plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration, and urinary excretion of folate metabolites in Korean women with childbearing potential. A total of 23 women voluntarily participated in this study. Precise dietary intakes for 3 consecutive days were determined by weighing all foods consumed and folate intake was calculated using a computer-aided dietary analysis system. Folate concentration of plasma and erythrocytes was determined by a microbiological method. Plasma tHcy concentration was assayed using an HPLC analysis method. Urine excreted over the same period of time was collected and folate catabolites, para-aminobenzoylglutamate (pABG) and para-acetamidobenzoylglutamate (ApABG), were evaluated using a reverse-phase HPLC method after affinity chromatography. Young women of 20 and under were likely to consume less folate with low energy intake, had lower folate concentration in plasma and erythrocytes, and excreted a lesser amount of ApABG and total folate catabolites than women of 25 years and over. The results of this study confirmed that young Korean women with childbearing potential, especially those under 21 years of age, might be at risk for compromised folate status due to insufficient folate intakes from inadequate energy consumption.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2005

Chitosan, which is a biopolymer, composed of glucosamine units linked by $\beta$-1, 4 glycoside bonds, is rich in shells of crustacean such as crabs and shrimps. Consumption of chitosan has been rapidly increased as a functional food. We examined effects of chitosan on the damages caused by lead (Pb) exposure in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 8 groups (n = 64), then fed diets containing 3% cellulose (control) or 3% chitosan, each with 4 different lead doses (0 mg/d, 20 mg/d, 50 mg/d, and 100 mg/d) for 4 wks. Lead doses were given 3 times per week by oral administration. Blood lead levels in rats increased depending on the administered doses of lead. Rats fed chitosan diets showed lower blood lead concentration than did their respective controls. Effect of chitosan on the blood lead was more beneficial in rats exposed to lower lead (20 mg/d) than in rats exposed to higher lead (50 mg/d and 100 mg/d). Histological changes in erythrocytes and liver were also examined. Chitosan tended to reduce numbers of basophilic stippling erythrocytes and improve the histological liver changes in rats given various lead doses. The preventive effects of chitosan on liver damages were stronger in rats with higher lead than those with lower lead. These results indicate that chitosan has beneficial effects on both blood toxicological responses and histological damages of erythrocytes and liver induced by the administration of various lead doses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1050-1053
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• 2000

Biological evaluation of residual malathion after 168 hrs of single dipping exposure of White Leghorn hens to different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) of pesticides was investigated. Thirty-two male albino rats divided into four groups of eight each were kept on 20% isoproteinous diet prepared from the meat of these malathion dipped hens. After 30 days feeding trial, the rats were killed by decapitation. No significant change was found in erythrocytes. However, the triglyceride concentration in brain tissue was increased significantly (p<0.05) when dose level of pesticide was 1% in dipping solution. Similarly, malathion exposed poultry meat failed in altering any significant change in the pancreatic amylase and lipase activities of rats. This study concludes the virtual absence of toxic accumulation of pesticide in the meat of birds after 168 hrs of exposure in usual concentration range upto 1.5%.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2004

Objectives : This experiment was done to evaluate the effects of Hyuntogobon-hwan(HTG) on antioxidant capability and lipidic concentration in blood, both of which are presumed to be related to aging. Methods : 12 week-old SD rats were divided into controlled group, uncontrolled group and HTG group. As controlled and HTG groups were given subcutaneous injection of D-galactose(50mg/kg/rat), at the same time HTG group was administered extract of Hyuntogobon-hwan(270mg/200g). HTG injections continued for 6 weeks. After initial injections, blood was drawn from each group and the following were measured: the activity of SOD, GSH-px, catalase in erythrocytes, TSARS value, concentration of total lipid, tryglyceride in blood plasma. Results : The activities of SOD and GSH-px in erythrocytes increased significantly in HTG group compared with controlled group. The activity of catalase seemed to increase slightly, but it was barely noticeable. The concentration of total lipid in plasma decreased significantly in HTG group compared with controlled group. The value of TBARS in plasma seemed to decrease slightly, but it was barely noticeable. Conclusions : According to the above results, Hyuntogobon-hwan has an influence on aging by virtue of activation of antioxidative enzyme systems in erythrocytes and concentrations of lipid in blood plasma.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.427-434
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to examine O serotypes, colicin and hemolysin production. antibiotic susceptibility and haemagglutinating ability to animal erythrocytes among Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigeons in Taegu province. Of the 166 strains isolated, 28 strains (16.9%) were classified into 6 O serotypes and their types were O20(42.9%), O15(17.9%), O139(14.3%), O101(10.7%), O149(7.1%) and O8(7.1%). Of the 166 strains isolated, none was hemolytic and 3(1.8%) were colicinogenic. Antibiotic susceptibility test of Escherichia coli isolates was performed by the agar dilution method, using ampicillin, chloramphnicol, gentamicin, rifampicin, streptomycin (Sm), nalidixic acid, sulfadimethoxine and tetracycline (Tc). Forty four strains (26.5%) were resistant to one or more drugs and the most common resistance patterns were SmTc (27.3%). Of the 44 drug resistant strains, 6 strains haemagglutinated erythrocytes of chicken, guinea pig and 2 of the 6 strains agglutinated goose erythrocytes.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.844-849
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• 2008

We present a novel cell deformability monitoring chip based on the digitally measured cell lysis rate which is dependent on the areal strain of the cell membrane. This method offers simple cell deformability monitoring by automated high-throughput testing system. We suggest the filter design considering the areal strain imposed on the cell membrane passing through the filter array having gradually increased orifice length. In the experiment using erythrocytes, we characterized the cell deformability in terms of average fracture areal strain which was $0.24{\pm}0.014\;and\;0.21{\pm}0.002$ for normal and chemically treated erythrocytes, respectively. We also verified that the areal strain of 0.15 effectively discriminates the deformability difference of normal and chemically treated erythrocytes, which can be applied to the clinical situation. We compared the lysis rates and their difference for the samples from different donors and found that the present chips can be commonly used without any calibration process. The experimental results demonstrate the simple structure and high performance of the present cell deformability monitoring chips, applicable to simple and cost-effective cell aging process monitoring.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.295-302
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• 1991

From 1988 to 1989, 8 strains of canine parvovirus-2(CPV-2) were isolated from the fecal specimens from the dogs that were clinically diagnosed as canine parvoviral enteritis in the veterinary hospitals located in the regions of Taejeon and Chungbuk province. The biological and physicochemical properties for the isolates were studied. Among 62 fecal samples collected from the dogs with enteric diseases, 24(38.7%) showed the haemagglutinating activity to porcine erythrocyte ranging from 16 to 16,384 of HA titers. In cytopathological studies with CRFK cells, intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in all of eight specimens with the high HA titer over 1,000, of which three specimens showed cytoplasmic inclusions concurrently with the intranuclear inclusion bodies. It was found that the isolates revealed the highest haemagglutinating activity with porcine erythrocytes and the relatively lower haemagglutination titers with the erythrocytes from cat and rabbit. None of erythrocytes from the other animals reacted with the isolates. By the cross-haemagglutination inhibition test for the isolates with the reference viruses and sera, the isolates were evidently identified as the strains of CPV-2. In physicochemical property test, the isolates were stable in lipid solvent, pH and heat treatment at $56^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, and showed the virus particle size less than 25 nm, containing a DNA genome.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 1995

Total saponin from Korean red ginseng changed thermodynamic parameters of membranes from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and ghost erythrocytes of human. In liposomes from DPPC, temperature of the main transition (Lb'-La) in liquid-crystalline phase increases by 0.2$^{\circ}C$ in average, but enthalpy does not change. Total saponin at a concentration of smaller than $10^5$% "stabilizes" the timid bilayers. At larger than 0.07 of saponin/DPPC ratio, saponin leads to an exclusion of the bound lipid molecules from the main phase transition into lamella liquid crystalline La-phase. Total saponin influences specifically all erythrocyte membrane transitions in a concentration-dependent manner, i.e. on the structures of all the main membrane skeleton proteins. A high structural specificity of saponin with membrane proteins, could be a base of specificity of physiological response of not only erythrocytes, but also other cells.her cells.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.279-290
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 정상적인 노화과정에서는 DNA 손상정도 및 항산화능의 변화를 알고자 생후 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24개월 된 Sprague-Dawley종 수컷 흰쥐의 신장조직의 80HdG 농도, 혈장과 간의 과산화지질 농도, 적혈구와 간내 항산화계 효소활성 등을 측정하였다. 흰쥐의 체중과 단위체중당 부고환지방의 무게는 가령에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보이다가 20개월과 24개월에서 약간 감소하였고, 단위체중당 간과 신장, 비장의 무게는 연령이 증가함에 따라 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 신장 조직내 DNA 손상의 지표인 80HdG의 농도는 4∼16개월까지는 완만하게 증가하다가 20, 24개월에서 큰 폭으로 증가되어 가령에 따른 증가 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 혈장과 간내 지질 과산화물 생성량은 4개월에서 가장 낮았다가 가령에 따라 증가하여 24개월에서 최고치를 보이는데, 혈장의 지질 과산화물 농도는 12∼16개월 사이에, 간의 경우는 16∼20개월 사이에 가장 큰 폭으로 증가하였다. 적혈구 SOD 효소 활성은 4개월에서 가장 낮았고 24개월에서 가장 높게 나타나 가령에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 적혈구 catalase 활성은 4개월부터 16개월까지는 증가하다가 20, 24개월에서 저하되었으며, 반면 GSH-Px는 가령에 따른 변화를 보이지 않았다. 간의 SOD 활성은 적혈구 SOD 활성과 달리 가령에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였는데 특히 16∼20개월 사이에 가장 큰 폭으로 감소하였고, 간의 catalase, GSH-Px 활성은 가령에 따른 변화가 나타나지 않았다.