• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.130-136
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• 2011

Since out of a lot of traffic problems traffic accidents cause damage to life and properties of people, it stands out as one of traffic problems which needs improvement, and the loss due to traffic accident negatively affects not only the parties to the accident but also the national economy. Thus, continual concern of the government toward traffic safety is getting bigger and lately each local government is preparing a basic plan for traffic safety and vitalizing traffic safety policies. As expanding the responsibility and role of local governments for traffic safety, traffic safety measures which are based on the characteristics of each local government should be studied. Most of analytical methods in the existing traffic accidents prediction models with macroscopic vision focus on socioeconomic variables such as local population and the number of registered vehicles, and present a great deal of prediction error when they are applied in practice. In this context, this study proposed a traffic accident prediction model in respect of macroscopic level for autonomous districts (administrative districts) of Seoul City. The model development was not based on the entire city but on the type of local land usage (development density) whose relationship with traffic accident frequency was analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.132-134
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• 2011

In Communications are intended elicit respondses through a conversation or communication styles between speaker and audience. VTSO and the ship operator's intent to communicate well with each other thus leading to the conclusion that must be accomplished It should be completed with MRC which is a poor means to understand and persuasive manner, and conclusions expressed are easily able to derive strategic communication skills. Forever, but these expression and technic can not force where the operator deciding factor in the law frame should not spiral out of the border. VTSO communication skills should be taken into such factors would be high level technic. Now here's I'd like to study that occured in the maritime communications field to be studied deeper issues and a category of expression technic, expression for the VTSO.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.833-839
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• 2013

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed by thoracic compression and artificial ventilation for the patient under emergent situation to maintain at least the minimum level of respiration and blood circulation for life survival. Good quality CPR requires monitoring respiration, however, traditional respiratory air flow transducers cannot be used because the transducer elements are facing the whole area perpendicular to the flow axis. The present study developed a new air flow transducer conveniently applicable to CPR. Specially designed "sensing rod" samples the air velocity at 3 different locations of the flow cross-section, then transforms into average dynamic pressure by the Bernoulli's law. The symmetric structure of the sensing holes of the sensing rod enables bi-directional measurement simply by taking the difference in pressure by a commercial differential pressure transducer. Both inspiratory and expiratory flows were obtained with symmetric measurement characteristics. Quadratic curve fitting provided excellent calibration formula with a correlation coefficient>0.999 (P<0.0001) and the mean relative error<1%. The present results can be usefully applied to accurately monitor the air flow rate during CPR.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.495-498
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• 2017

As the number of tourist has been increased recently, the interest level in the carriers was elevated. Hence, the technologies on the carriers have been developed variously, and smart carriers are widely used. However, noises are occurred with multiple causes since smart carrier uses the speed control system by gradient sensor. Because of this, the possibility of wrong operation is high by abrupt operation or cumulative error. Therefore, FIR low pass filter was designed and applied in the gradient sensor to realize the strong sensing system against the noise so as to supplement the weaknesses of the existing system in this article.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.479-489
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• 1994

At the present time, it is an important problem that we are to select a transmission line code for the very-high speed optical transmission system which can confidentially transfer the original information signal sequence efficiently, as it is to be the large capacity and the economization for the optical digital transmission system to transfer the information signal sequence at the very-high speed. Therefore, this paper is to select first the proper transmission line codes for the high speed(more than Mb/s) optical transmission system of the proposed two-level unipolar transmission line codes up to date, and to decide a mBIZ (m Binary with One Zero insertion) code as an optimal transmission line code for the very-high speed optical transmission system, resulting from analyzing the performance at the requirements of the transmission line code, such as the maximum consecutive identical digits, the transmission delay time, the increasing rate of clock, the mark rate, the circuit complexity, the supervision of transmission line error, and power spectrum among the selected transmission line codes.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.146-155
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• 2000

This paper describes a 4-state bar code called HANGUL 4 ST that has been specifically designed for automatic processing of the letter mails, A HANGUL 4 ST bar code is a necessary data base that is applied data capture and data carrier with it all the information necessary for sorting, the amount capture for transportation of mail items, and valued-added services such as indicia, tracking and trace. The 4-state bar code information contents are composed of a postal code, delivery point, customer information including customer identification number and name, and parity bits for error detect and correct. The data density capability of HANGUL 4 St allows all useful sorting data and customer data to be encoded on one label. This supports better automatic processing in mail items, higher level of customer service and more efficient operation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.5C
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• pp.493-505
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• 2003

A new inter-client synchronization framework for multicast media streaming is proposed employing a server-client coordinated adaptive playout control. The proposed adaptive player controls the playback speed of audio and video by adopting the time-scale modification of audio. Based on the overall synchronization status as well as the buffer occupancy level, the playout speed of each client is manipulated within a perceptually tolerable range. Additionally, the server implicitly helps increasing the time available for retransmission while the clients perform an interactive error recovery mechanism with the assistance of playout control. The network-simulator based simulations show that the proposed framework can reduce the playout discontinuity without degrading the media quality, and thus mitigate the client heterogeneity.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.633-650
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• 2013

All the imputation techniques proposed so far in literature for data imputation are offline techniques as they require a number of iterations to learn the characteristics of data during training and they also consume a lot of computational time. Hence, these techniques are not suitable for applications that require the imputation to be performed on demand and near real-time. The paper proposes a computational intelligence based architecture for online data imputation and extended versions of an existing offline data imputation method as well. The proposed online imputation technique has 2 stages. In stage 1, Evolving Clustering Method (ECM) is used to replace the missing values with cluster centers, as part of the local learning strategy. Stage 2 refines the resultant approximate values using a General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) as part of the global approximation strategy. We also propose extended versions of an existing offline imputation technique. The offline imputation techniques employ K-Means or K-Medoids and Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP)or GRNN in Stage-1and Stage-2respectively. Several experiments were conducted on 8benchmark datasets and 4 bank related datasets to assess the effectiveness of the proposed online and offline imputation techniques. In terms of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), the results indicate that the difference between the proposed best offline imputation method viz., K-Medoids+GRNN and the proposed online imputation method viz., ECM+GRNN is statistically insignificant at a 1% level of significance. Consequently, the proposed online technique, being less expensive and faster, can be employed for imputation instead of the existing and proposed offline imputation techniques. This is the significant outcome of the study. Furthermore, GRNN in stage-2 uniformly reduced MAPE values in both offline and online imputation methods on all datasets.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.139-148
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• 2002

The measured attenuation correction with transmission (Tx) scans produced quantitatively accurate images. However, it was not clear for optimal emission (Ex) and Tx scan time in PET imaging. This study was to evaluate acceptable Ex and Tx scan time by simulating clinical situations using various phantoms. Cylindrical and NEMA phantom were used for $^{18}$ F-PET scan using 2D protocol in GE Advance PETTM scanner. Cylindrical phantom was filled with 136 MBq 18F, and five regions of interests (ROI) were drawn on 23 slices. NEMA phantom had three inserts containing water, air and polytetrafluoro-ethylene (PTFE). Outside of these inserts were filled with 309 MBq of $^{18}$ F, and total 12 ROIs were drawn on 23 slices. Scans were carried out according to five Ex scan times: 2, 5, 10, 15, and 30 min, and nine Tx scan times: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min. Images were reconstructed using measured attenuation correction, and ROI analyses were performed for all images, and mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation and percent errors were calculated. For cylindrical phantom study, ROI mean and SD were decreased as Ex and Tx time increased. Coefficients of variation were kept constant, when Tx was greater than 10 min. The amount of error decreased for the increment of Ex time from 10 min to 15 min was almost the same to that from 15 min to 30 min. In NEMA phantom Tx 15 min showed the lowest er개r level when the percent errors for three inserts were summed for all of the Ex times. This study suggested that Ex 15 min and Tx 15 min were acceptable as optimal scan time for the scanning protocol and the dose of radiopharmaceuticals used in these phantom study.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.229-235
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• 2011

Objective: Making a new ergonomic interface system based on camera vision system, which helps the handicapped in home environment. Background: Enabling the handicapped to manipulate the consumer electronics by the proposed interface system. Method: A wearable device for capturing the eye image using a near-infrared(NIR) camera and illuminators is proposed for tracking eye gaze position(Heo et al., 2011). A frontal viewing camera is attached to the wearable device, which can recognize the consumer electronics to be controlled(Heo et al., 2011). And the amount of user's eye fatigue can be measured based on eye blink rate, and in case that the user's fatigue exceeds in the predetermined level, the proposed system can automatically change the mode of gaze based interface into that of manual selection. Results: The experimental results showed that the gaze estimation error of the proposed method was 1.98 degrees with the successful recognition of the object by the frontal viewing camera(Heo et al., 2011). Conclusion: We made a new ergonomic interface system based on gaze tracking and object recognition Application: The proposed system can be used for helping the handicapped in home environment.