• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2009

A Study was conducted to investigate the type and level of occupational risk factors for the onset of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in non-manufacturing industries. Total of 38 worksites were investigated from 5 different business areas such as financial institution, transportation service, building maintenance, sanitary service and educational service. Major job and task category were classified and corresponding occupational risk factors such as awkward posture, force exertion, repetitiveness of job, and work/rest cycle were examined using various ergonomic risk analysis techniques. Sets of matrices were developed including types and levels of risk factors for the classified jobs and tasks from 5 different non-manufacturing industries. Also possible ergonomic remedies were suggested for the improvement working conditions. Results and risk factor matrices can be applied as a guideline for the investigation of WMSDs risk factors in similar industries for the prevention of WMSDs.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.3 s.65
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• pp.195-206
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• 2006

Design for improved usability is to understand products from the user's point of view so eventually to enhance the pleasantness users by reflecting it into the design. The philosophy of user-oriented design is an essence of human-centered product planning, and its application is more important for railway vehicle design, which is closely connected with everyday life. This study focused to define basic elements of train interior design concept, which considers convenience and comfort for passengers, by extracting and interpreting ergonomic requirements, as usability factors, of train toilet design. The study on user-oriented design of trains consists of the practice of sensibility engineering for the management of customers' emotions and its harmonious use on design, and aims on the embodiment of new ergonomic design. In the center, it has analyzed the criteria and characteristics of the user-oriented design and has concluded the design direction and components to a concrete idea and proposed prototypes, which may become a good example for train interior design later on. In addition, it proposes a direction, which may become a guideline of ergonomic design, to secure competition capacity. Moreover this study is concentrated on the physical environment and human behavior of train toilet users, on the analysis of factors necessary for adequate toilet design, and on the understanding of interface between its users. What is more, it proposes a module of development process and methods of approaching the interface. The study presents a design standard, under which the concrete data of the characteristics and practicable range and the convergent demands accelerate to the module could be confirmed and criticized. The study on the usability is going to contribute to more pleasant and comfortable train environments and consequently, it's going to create new values of increased railway competitiveness by design.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate integral seat desk used in universities through comparison of real dimension values of the desk with KS/ISO standard and questionnaire survey. Background: School furniture that helps students sit comfortably for longer periods of time and allows for better concentration on learning is important. However, seat and desk have been generally designed based on the industry practice rather than user's anthropometry, and seats and desks used in universities of Korea have not been ergonomically evaluated. Method: Real 13 dimensions of the desk used in K University were measured using tape measure and inclinometer, and the dimension values were compared to the KS standard of desk and chair for lecture room (KS G 4210) and ergonomic design principles found in relevant references. Subjective appropriacies and preference for the desk were investigated based on questionnaire survey, in which 121 (male: 91, female: 30) college students participated. Results: Several dimensions for the desk and chair investigated except desk depth and width, leg room width, seat width have not met the KS standard, but all dimensions satisfied ergonomic design principles available in references. The questionnaire survey revealed that appropriacies for desk surface size, seat pan depth, seat pan cushion and backrest curvature were under middle point of 3.0, and that those for the other dimensions showed higher scores exceeding 3.0. Conclusion: The integral seat desk widely used in universities showed some design problems in terms of standards of KS G 2010 and KS G 4210, and ergonomic design principles. Compared to the general desk with separated desk and seat, subjective preference on the integral seat desk was low. Application: This would be used as a valuable guideline when designing or choosing new integral seat desk with high satisfaction of students.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.671-681
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• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the workload level at each lower limbs posture and suggest the ergonomic workstation guideline for working period by evaluating the imbalanced lower limbs postures from the physiological and psychophysical points of view. Background: Many workers like welders are working in various imbalanced lower limbs postures either due to the narrow working conditions or other environmental conditions. Method: Ten male subjects participated in this experiment. Subjects were asked to maintain 3 different lower limbs postures(standing, squatting and bending) with 3 different working conditions(balanced floor with no scaffold, imbalanced floor with 10cm height of scaffold, and imbalanced floor with 20cm height of scaffold). EMG data for the 4 muscle groups(Retus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Tibialis Anterior, Gastrocnemius) from each lower limbs posture were collected for 20 seconds every 2 minutes during the 8 minutes sustaining task. Subjects were also asked to report their discomfort ratings of body parts such as waist, upper legs, lower legs, and ankle. Results: The ANOVA results showed that the EMG root mean square(RMS) values and the discomfort ratings(CR-10 Rating Scale) were significantly affected by lower limbs postures and working time(p<0.05). The correlation was analyzed between the EMG data and the discomfort ratings. Also, prediction models for the discomfort rating for each posture were developed using physical condition, working time, and scaffold height. Conclusion: We strongly recommend that one should not work more than 6 minutes in a standing or squatting postures and should not work more than 4 minutes in a bending posture. Application: The results of this study could be used to design and assess working environments and methods. Furthermore, these results could be used to suggest ergonomic guidelines for the lower limbs postures such as squatting and bending in the working fields in order to prevent fatigue and pain in the lower limbs body.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.229-239
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• 2014

Objective: This research provides a guideline for working area design in the electronic industry, considering gender differences of physical characteristics. Background: Co-work in the electronic industry requires workers of various physical properties to work cohesively in the conveyor line for mass production. This stresses the need for a worker-centered design of the workplace convenient for all the workers. Method: In this research, the $6^{th}$ Size Korea (National Anthropometric Survey in Korea) report is referred to obtain the design measurements according to age and gender varieties. This information is used to provide the working area guideline concerning conveyor line workers of both genders aged 20 to 40. Results: Physical properties of workers and workplace design principles were obtained for application in the assembly, inspection, and material handling process in the electronic industry. Conclusion: Applying ergonomic design principles can provide safe and comfortable workplace for both genders. Application: This research can be fundamentally used in designing worker-centered workplaces.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2000

국제연합은 1975년에 "장애인 권리선언"을 결의하였고, 1981년을 "세계 장애인의 해"로 결정하였다. 우리나라에서도 1981년 6월 5일, 법률 제 3452호 "심신장애자 복지법"을 제정, 공포하였고 1989년 12월 30일 "장애인 복지법"으로 개정하였다. 한편, 미국에서는 1990년 7월 26일 George Bush 전 대통령이 "The American with Disabilities Act of 1990(ADA)"에 서명하였다. 이 법은 인종, 성별, 출신지, 그리고 종교에 관계없이 장애자에게도 같은 시민 권리 보호를 제공한다는 것이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 장애인을 위해 설계된 건물이나 시설물들이 그렇게 많지 않다는데 그 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 신체 장애인에게 “동등한 생활의 질”을 제공하자는 데 있다. 그에 따른 목표로써 신체장애에 대한 구분이 이루어 졌고, 이동 수단으로서의 wheelchair에 대해 조사되었고, ADA accessibility guidelines가 분석되었다. 또한 인간공학과 감성공학으로 재활공학에 접근하였으며 가상현실이 이용되는 현 추세도 연구되었다. 결론적으로, 제시된 guidelines를 이용하여 가상현실의 세계에서 충분히 simulation을 마친 후에 장애인을 위한 좀더 과학적이고 합리적인 건물 또는 시설물 그리고 wheelchair를 제작할 수 있으면 한다.과학적이고 합리적인 건물 또는 시설물 그리고 wheelchair를 제작할 수 있으면 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.20 no.41
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• pp.197-201
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• 1997

Presses are very used in industrial and commercial companies and are often the source of serious accidents occurring during operation. Most of accidents are due to inadequate design of the press machine. This paper presented an experiment which examined eye movement characteristics of the operators in the press operation. Continuous recordings of eye movements were made on five subjects in press operation. It was observed that the subjects stared longer at the die and did not stare at the switch. The eyemovemen patterns per cycle of the subjects were mostly identified as material container $\rightarrow$ die pattern type. The results could be used as basic data to establish a design guideline when manufacturer made the press machine.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.203-209
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• 2003

The study on the user-centered interior design of trains consists of the practice of sensitive technology for the management of customer's emotions and its harmonical use on design and it aims on the embodiment of new ergonomics design. In the center, it has analyzed the criteria and characteristics for the 'User First Design' and has concluded the design direction and components to a concrete idea and proposed prototypes, which may becomes a good example for train interior design later on. And not at least it proposes a direction which may become a guideline of ergonomic design to secure competition capacity.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1113-1118
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• 2012

The e-navigation in IMO(International Maritime Organization) has been developed as a strategy for user oriented service followed by HEAP(Human Element Analysing Process) to assess the solutions in view of human ergonomics. Although IMO already had an interim guideline for human element assessment, it did not include appropriate human elements for user-oriented assessment, therefore there should be a need for revising the human elements of current guideline for ergonomic assessment of e-navigation. We have developed user-oriented human element checklist, threat elements caused by human external condition and error elements originated by human itself in line with the e-navigation development concept of user-based approach.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.668-671
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• 2004

일반적으로 재해는 물적인 원인이나, 인적인 원인 또는 두 원인이 함께 작용하여 발생한다. 농업기계관련 재해의 원인은 기계의 성능뿐만 아니라 그 기계가 얼마만큼 인간이 쾌적하고, 안전하게 운전조작을 할 수 있는가에 대한 문제에도 직접적인 원인이 있는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 현재 우리나라에서의 농업기계로 인한 재해실태 조사와 외국선진사례의 분석을 통해 농업기계 작업의 특성을 파악하고, 인간공학 측면에서 농작업 및 농업기계에 대한 분석을 통해 위험요인을 도출하여, 발견된 문제점에 대한 개선방안을 마련하고자 한다. 또한 현재 농업기계에 의한 재해현황, 농업기계작업에 대한 안전지침, 설계에 대한 인간공학적인 지침 및 농업기계 재해예방을 위한 정책적 개선대안을 제시하였다. 이러한 연구는 작업자의 기술 및 상황판단, 시계성, 차체진동 및 의자진동, 의자설계, 캐핀 배치 및 설계, 안전장치 및 보호 장치, 작업환경 등을 농업기계 제조회사가 고려할 수 있도록 하는데 큰 도움을 줄 수 있으며 기계의 인간공학적 개선을 통해 안전한 운전조작을 가능케 하여 농업관련재해의 감소와 재해의 사전예방에도 크게 기여할 것으로 판단된다.